Fourth Court of Appeals
San Antonio, Texas
MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-14-00732-CR
Michael Angel SANCHEZ,
Appellant
v.
The STATE of Texas,
Appellee
From the 226th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas
Trial Court No. 2011CR7301
Honorable Sid L. Harle, Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice
Sitting: Marialyn Barnard, Justice
Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice
Jason Pulliam, Justice
Delivered and Filed: July 29, 2015
DISMISSED FOR WANT OF JURISDICTION
Pursuant to a plea agreement, Appellant Michael Sanchez entered a plea of nolo contendere
to the charge of aggravated robbery. The trial court assessed punishment at fifteen years’
confinement in the Institutional Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Sanchez
filed a general notice of appeal. The trial court did not grant Sanchez permission to appeal.
On appeal, Sanchez contends his plea was involuntary because he detrimentally relied on
the court’s admonishments concerning whether his state sentence would run concurrently with an
active federal sentence. Absent the proof of one of the exceptions provided in Texas Rules of
04-14-00732-CR
Appellate Procedure 25.2, we are without jurisdiction to consider the merits of Sanchez’s
complaint, and we dismiss the appeal.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Following admonishments by the trial court, Sanchez entered a plea of nolo contendere
pursuant to a plea bargain on July 21, 2014. The plea bargain provided that the trial court would
not assess punishment in excess of seventeen years’ confinement. Before accepting Sanchez’s
nolo contendere plea, the trial court affirmed Sanchez was mentally competent and the plea was
entered freely and voluntarily.
Trial Court: Are you entering that plea freely and voluntarily?
Sanchez: Yes, Your Honor.
Trial Court: Has anybody threatened you, used any force or violence on you or
promised you anything to get you to plead nolo contendere?
Sanchez: No, Your Honor.
In addition to the oral questions pertaining to the voluntariness of the plea, the trial court
was also presented with a document entitled “Court’s Admonishments and Defendant’s Waivers
and Affidavit of Admonitions” wherein Sanchez acknowledged:
4. If I have a plea bargain agreement with the prosecutor, its terms are fully
set forth in the attached document. I have received no promise from the
prosecutor, my attorney or the Court which are not set forth in that
document, and I realize that no one else would be empowered to make me
any promises.
The agreement included the following items “mutually agreed and recommended by the parties:”
• Punishment to be assessed at cap 17 years [sic]
• Affirmative Finding of a Deadly Weapon or 3G Offense, Defendant is not
eligible for supervision under CCP 42.12, Sec. 3
• State opposes community supervision/deferred adjudication
• Restitution to be determined by the Court through the Community Supervision
office
The trial court proceeded to find that Sanchez entered his plea freely and voluntarily and that the
evidence was sufficient to support the plea.
-2-
04-14-00732-CR
At the time of the plea, Sanchez was in federal custody serving a seven year, three month
sentence for a federal offense. Sanchez expressed concern about whether his state sentence would
run concurrently or consecutively with his existing federal sentence. The trial court explained to
Sanchez that he would likely be returning to federal custody following his sentencing in state court.
The record does not contain any comments by Sanchez’s attorney regarding his client’s sentencing
inquiry. The court explained:
My understanding is that—again, I don’t want you to rely on it because I don’t
know if they changed the rules[,] but my understanding is that if you—you go—
when you finish this sentencing, you’ll go back to the federal penitentiary and the
State of Texas will recognize and give you credit on your sentence here . . . .
(emphasis added).
The court repeatedly couched comments regarding the probability of Sanchez serving a
portion of his state sentence in the federal penitentiary in cautionary language. Statements by the
court included: “I don’t know—I don’t know if it still works this way.”; “But the State is probably
going to give you credit for your State’s time . . . .”; “I don’t want you to rely on that . . . .” When
asked if he understood the proceedings and the court’s limitations, Sanchez replied, “Okay.”
On September 15, 2014, the trial court sentenced Sanchez to fifteen years’ confinement in
the Institutional Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, an amount less than the
maximum seventeen-year term stipulated to in the plea bargain. At that time, Sanchez’s attorney
asked the trial court whether the sentence would run concurrently with Sanchez’s federal sentence.
The trial court stated it would. On October 15, 2014, Sanchez appeared before the court for a
hearing on a motion to reconsider his sentence. Sanchez requested that his judgment be amended
to reflect his good behavior in custody—where he had remained continuously since 2011. The
trial court denied the motion, holding the court had already sentenced Sanchez below the allotted
maximum provided in the plea bargain.
-3-
04-14-00732-CR
Sanchez now appeals his plea of nolo contendere, arguing he was “misled and harmed by
the trial court’s admonishment” regarding where his sentence would be served. Sanchez has
remained in Texas Department of Criminal Justice custody since his sentencing. As a result,
Sanchez argues his plea was made involuntarily.
APPELLATE LAW
A. Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 25.2
“The standard for determining [appellate] jurisdiction is not whether the appeal is
precluded by law, but whether the appeal is authorized by law.” Abbott v. State, 271 S.W.3d 694,
696–97 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008); see also TEX. CONST. art. V, § 6(a). Texas Rule of Appellate
Procedure 25.2 authorizes an appellant’s right to appeal in a plea bargain case. TEX. R. APP. P.
25.2(a)(2); see also Chavez v. State, 183 S.W.3d 675, 680 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006) (“A court of
appeals, while having jurisdiction to ascertain whether an appellant who plea-bargained is
permitted to appeal by Rule 25.2(a)(2), must dismiss a prohibited appeal without further action,
regardless of the basis for the appeal.”).
For an appellant whose sentence did not exceed the punishment stipulated to in the plea
bargain, Rule 25.2 enumerates two exceptions permitting an appeal on the basis of an
involuntariness claim. TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2). The rule currently provides:
In a plea bargain case—that is, a case in which a defendant’s plea was guilty or
nolo contendere and the punishment did not exceed the punishment recommended
by the prosecutor and agreed to by the defendant—a defendant may appeal only:
(A) those matters that were raised by written motion filed and ruled on before trial,
or (B) after getting the trial court’s permission to appeal.
Id. Although the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure do not establish jurisdiction of appellate
courts, the Rules set out procedures, which must be followed in order to invoke jurisdiction over
a particular appeal. Blanton v. State, 369 S.W.3d 894, 902 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012) (citing Olivo
v. State, 918 S.W.2d 519, 523 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996)). If the appellate court’s jurisdiction is not
-4-
04-14-00732-CR
properly invoked, “the power of the appellate court to act is as absent as if it did not exist.” Ex
Parte Caldwell, 383 S.W.2d 587, 589 (Tex. Crim. App. 1964); see, e.g., Sanchez v. State, 53
S.W.3d 684, 685 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001, pet. ref’d) (the court was “without jurisdiction
to consider the merits of appellant’s complaint” regarding voluntariness where an appellant pled
guilty with a plea bargain, and the trial court assessed a punishment within the terms of the plea
bargain); see also Alvarez v. State, 50 S.W.3d 566, 566–67 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2001, no
pet.) (holding the appellate court does not have jurisdiction to rule on an issue of voluntariness of
an original plea in an appeal from an order revoking probation).
B. Analysis
Here, Sanchez, both orally and in writing, voluntarily waived his rights and entered a plea
of nolo contendere. Sanchez was sentenced within the plea bargain terms, and he now appeals a
post-conviction matter without the permission of the trial court. Because Sanchez does not satisfy
either exceptions under Rule 252, see TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2), this court must “dismiss the
prohibited appeal without further action, regardless of the basis for the appeal.” Chavez, 183
S.W.3d at 680; see also Sanchez, 53 S.W.3d at 685. We note, an appellate court is precluded from
making “inquiry into even possibly meritorious claims.” Chavez, 183 S.W.3d at 680.
Nevertheless, Sanchez’s failure to comply with Rule 252.2’s requirements does not affect
his right to bring a claim through the proper channels. See generally White v. State, 61 S.W.3d
424, 427–29 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001). Claims of involuntary pleas may be raised in either a motion
for new trial or post-conviction writ of habeas corpus. See Cooper v. State, 45 S.W.3d 77, 82 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2001). “These procedures are not only adequate to resolve claims of involuntary pleas,
but they are superior to appeal in that the claim may be supported by information from sources
broader than the appellate record.” Id.; see also TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2).
-5-
04-14-00732-CR
CONCLUSION
Because Sanchez’s sentence did not exceed the punishment specified in the plea bargain,
his appellate rights are limited to the two exceptions permitting a general notice of appeal set forth
in Rule 25.2(a)(2). TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2). Neither exception is applicable here.
For these reasons, this court is without jurisdiction to consider the merits of Sanchez’s
complaint and the appeal is dismissed.
Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice
DO NOT PUBLISH
-6-