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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 15-10961
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 6:10-cr-00001-BAE-GRS-2
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
versus
KEVIN LAMONT GOURDINE,
Defendant - Appellant.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Georgia
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(August 10, 2015)
Before MARTIN, JORDAN, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
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Kevin Lamont Gourdine, a federal prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals from
the district court’s partial grant of his motion for a reduced sentence under 18
U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) and Amendment 782 of the Sentencing Guidelines. He argues
that the district court erred in only granting a 10-month reduction in his sentence
under the factors set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). Liberally construing Mr.
Gourdine’s pro se brief, see United States v. Hung Thien Ly, 646 F.3d 1307, 1316
(11th Cir. 2011), we reverse because there is no indication whatsoever in the
record that the district court considered the § 3553(a) factors. See United States v.
Williams, 557 F.3d 1254, 1257 (11th Cir. 2009) (explaining, in the § 3582(c)(2)
context, that a district court must consider the § 3553(a) factors in evaluating
whether to reduce a defendant’s sentence).
I
Mr. Gourdine was indicted in 2010 by a federal grand jury for his role in a
conspiracy to distribute cocaine and marijuana. He pled guilty to a lesser-included
conspiracy charge. Under the 2009 Sentencing Guidelines, Mr. Gourdine was
assigned a base offense level of 34, and a criminal history category of V. This
established an advisory guideline range of 235 to 293 months’ imprisonment. The
statutory maximum term of imprisonment, however, was capped at 20 years, so the
advisory guideline imprisonment range became 235 to 240 months.
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The district court sentenced Mr. Gourdine to 225 months’ imprisonment. At
the sentencing hearing, the district court indicated that the reason for the 10-month
downward variance was because Mr. Gourdine had waived his right to appeal. See
D.E. 184 at 70. In its statement of reasons, the district court indicated that it had
considered the § 3553(a) factors.
In 2014, the Sentencing Commission issued Amendment 782, which reduced
the offense level for certain drug trafficking offenses by 2 levels. That same year,
Mr. Gourdine, proceeding pro se, filed a motion for a reduced sentence under §
3582(c)(2) based on Amendment 782.
It is undisputed that Mr. Gourdine is eligible for a sentence reduction under
Amendment 782. Based on the 2-level reduction, Mr. Gourdine’s guideline range
became 188 to 235 months’ imprisonment. He requested that the district court
consider the § 3553(a) factors and reduce his sentence to 180 months. See D.E.
280 at 3. The district court, in a two-page form order, reduced Mr. Gourdine’s
sentence from 225 months’ imprisonment to 215 months. See D.E. 301 (page 1 of
the § 3582(c)(2) order); PSI (sealed page 2 of the § 3582(c)(2) order). The order
does not indicate whether the district court considered the § 3553(a) factors. Page
1 of the order merely checks a box granting Mr. Gourdine’s motion and indicates
that the reduction is from 225 months to 215 months. Page 2 of the order, which is
sealed, lists the initial and new advisory guideline ranges for Mr. Gourdine and
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states that “[t]he reduced sentence is within the amended guideline range.” The
section on page 2 of the order for “additional comments” is blank.
II
We have explained that “the district court must make two distinct
determinations before deciding whether to reduce a defendant’s sentence under §
3582(c)(2).” United States v. Vautier, 144 F.3d 756, 760 (11th Cir. 1998). First,
the district court “must substitute the amended guideline range for the originally
applied guideline range and determine what sentence it would have imposed.” Id.
“Second, . . . the court must consider the factors listed in § 3553(a) and determine
whether or not to reduce the defendant's original sentence.” Id. See also U.S.S.G.
§ 1B1.10 cmt. 1(B) (“Consistent with 18 U.S.C. 3582(c)(2), the court shall
consider the factors set forth in 18 U.S.C. 3553(a) in determining [ ] whether a
reduction in the defendant's term of imprisonment is warranted[.]”); Williams, 557
F.3d at 1257 (same). “The district court abuses its discretion if it fails to apply the
proper legal standard or to follow proper procedures in making its determination.”
United States v. Jules, 595 F.3d 1239, 1241–42 (11th Cir. 2010) (internal quotation
marks and brackets omitted).
Here, the district court partially granted Mr. Gourdine’s motion for a
reduced sentence in a two-page form order. The order does not indicate whether
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the district court considered the § 3553(a) factors; in fact, it does not even mention
or cite the § 3553(a) factors. And although a hearing was not required, the record
does not contain transcripts from any hearings at which the district court may have
considered the § 3553(a) factors when ruling on Mr. Gourdine’s motion.
The government says that the district court “used a form that typically would
recite the court’s consideration of the relevant Sentencing Guidelines and statutes.”
Br. for the United States at 6 n.3. The government acknowledges, however, that
such language is not included on the form order used in this case, and it believes
that the language “appears to have been excised accidentally.” Id. Even if the
government is correct, the fact remains that the district court’s form order makes
no mention of the § 3553(a) factors.
The government argues that because Mr. Gourdine’s motion for a reduced
sentence set forth the § 3553(a) factors, the record shows that the district court
considered the factors in granting Mr. Gourdine’s motion. We disagree.
In United States v. Eggersdorf, 126 F.3d 1318, 1322 (11th Cir. 1997), we
held that a district court does not abuse its discretion where the “record as a whole”
shows that the district court considered the § 3553(a) factors. In Eggersdorf, the
district court, in its order denying resentencing, “stated that it had ‘reviewed the
motions, . . . the record, and [had] be[en] otherwise duly advised[.]’” Id. That is
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not the case here; all we have is a two-page order reducing Mr. Gourdine’s
sentence from 225 months to 215 months “[u]pon motion of [ ] the defendant[.]”
On this record, we conclude that district court abused its discretion by failing
to consider the § 3553(a) factors when it reduced Mr. Gourdine’s sentence by 10
months. See Jules, 595 F.3d at 1241–42; Williams, 557 F.3d at 1257.
III
We reverse the district court’s order partially granting Mr. Gourdine’s §
3582(c)(2) motion and remand for consideration of that motion under the factors
set forth in § 3553(a).
REVERSED AND REMANDED.
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