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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee :
:
v. :
:
BRAHIM ZHOURI, :
:
Appellant : No. 2135 MDA 2014
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered December 2, 2014,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County,
Criminal Division, at No(s): CP-22-CR-0004564-2013
BEFORE: ALLEN, OTT, and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.: FILED AUGUST 21, 2015
Brahim Zhouri (Appellant) appeals from the order entered on
December 2, 2014, dismissing his petition filed pursuant to the Post
Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. Upon review, we
affirm.
On February 11, 2014, Appellant pled guilty to criminal trespass. He
received a sentence of 24 months of probation. He filed pro se a motion to
withdraw the plea agreement on February 19, 2014, and a pro se motion
challenging the validity of the guilty plea on February 28, 2014. Both
documents were forwarded to counsel, Steven Mimm, Esquire, who took no
action on the motions.
Appellant pro se timely filed a PCRA petition on April 16, 2014. New
counsel was appointed, and a supplemental PCRA petition was filed on July
*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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9, 2014. On November 6, 2014, following an evidentiary hearing, the PCRA
court issued notice of its intent to dismiss Appellant’s PCRA petition.
Therein, the PCRA court provided its reasons for dismissing Appellant’s
petition and informed him that he had 20 days to file any objection to the
notice of intent to dismiss. Appellant did not respond, and the PCRA court
dismissed the petition with a final order on December 2, 2014. Appellant
timely filed his notice of appeal.
On appeal, Appellant raises two questions for our review: whether
Appellant’s guilty plea was unlawfully induced as a result of counsel’s
ineffectiveness when 1) counsel failed to inform Appellant of the possibility
of deportation, and 2) the interpreter employed during Appellant’s guilty
plea was not of the correct dialect. Appellant’s Brief at 5.
We begin with our well-settled standard of review:
Our standard of review for an order denying post-
conviction relief is whether the record supports the PCRA court’s
determination, and whether the PCRA court’s determination is
free of legal error. The PCRA court’s findings will not be
disturbed unless there is no support for the findings in the
certified record.
Commonwealth v. McDermitt, 66 A.3d 810, 813 (Pa. Super. 2013)
(internal citations omitted).
Allegations of ineffectiveness in connection with a guilty plea do not
warrant relief unless counsel’s ineffectiveness caused an involuntary,
unknowing or unintelligent plea. Commonwealth v. Anderson, 995 A.2d
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1184, 1192 (Pa. Super. 2010). Where the defendant enters a plea on
counsel’s advice, the voluntary and knowing nature of that plea turns on
whether counsel’s advice fell within the range of competence demanded of
attorneys in criminal cases. Id.
Appellant first argues that his guilty plea was not knowingly entered,
as counsel was ineffective for failing to inform him of the immigration
consequences of his guilty plea. Appellant’s Brief at 11-13. In instances
where a defendant is a noncitizen, the United States Supreme Court has
held that counsel must inform the defendant whether a plea carries a risk of
deportation, and that counsel’s failure to do so presents a cognizable
ineffective assistance of counsel claim. Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356,
374 (2010). This Court has held that Padilla requires “counsel to inform a
noncitizen defendant that there is a risk of deportation, not that deportation
is a certainty.” Commonwealth. v. Escobar, 70 A.3d 838, 841 (Pa. Super.
2013) (citing McDermitt, 66 A.3d at 814).
With respect to Appellant’s first issue, the PCRA court concluded that
there was “no reason to believe that Attorney Mimm deviated from []
standard operating procedure” at the Dauphin County Public Defender’s
Office—to counsel clients on immigration matters or to provide them an
opportunity to speak with an immigration attorney—as soon as a client was
identified as a noncitizen. Trial Court Opinion, 11/6/2014, at 6-7, 11. This
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conclusion is supported by the testimony of Attorney Mimm, during the PCRA
hearing:
Q: Do you remember whether or not you discussed deportation
with Mr. Zhouri?
A: I reviewed the file prior to leaving the Public Defender’s
Office. I didn’t have any specific notes in my file about any
immigration discussion. I can tell you that it’s generally,
especially any time you have an interpreter involved,
standard procedure to ask the question about immigration
status.…
***
Q: Did you indicate to Mr. Zhouri that if he pleaded guilty, he
would be going home? Do you remember?
A: I told you, I couldn’t remember the specifics.… I can tell you
that the general conversation would be, you’re lookin’ at
deportation on the burglary. I can’t say definitively, you know,
what a felony trespass would do, because I wouldn’t be certain.
You know, you have an opportunity to talk to an
immigration attorney if you need more time. That’s the
general conversation. I’m not an immigration attorney, so I
couldn’t give someone a definitive answer on an immigration
issue, but I can give them an opportunity to talk to an
immigration attorney.
N.T., 10/30/2014, at 7-9 (emphasis added).
Attorney Mimm further testified regarding the requirements of Padilla,
noting that when “the case law changed, it became standard practice to
[inquire as to clients’] immigration status” and that this type of inquiry is
“normally the first question.” Id. at 11, 13. Attorney Mimm also attested
that he worked with “hundreds” of noncitizens during his time in the Public
Defender’s Office, and that this standard practice was likely employed in the
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case sub judice because he had to make special arrangements to schedule
an Arabic translator. Id. at 11-12. Given the testimony presented at the
evidentiary hearing, which the PCRA court found to be credible, Appellant
has failed to convince us that the PCRA court erred in determining that
counsel satisfied his duty under Padilla. Accordingly, Appellant’s first claim
fails.
Appellant next argues that his guilty plea was not knowingly entered
based upon counsel’s ineffectiveness, because he was unable to understand
his interpreter, who spoke Egyptian, and not Moroccan, Arabic. Appellant’s
Brief at 13-15. In support of this argument, Appellant relies on
Commonwealth v. Pana, 364 A.2d 895 (Pa. 1976), and Commonwealth
v. Wallace, 641 A.2d 321 (Pa. Super. 1994). These cases, however, are
factually and legally distinct from the case before us.
In Pana, the Court held that a Puerto Rican defendant with limited
English language ability was denied his right to testify on his own behalf
when the trial court refused to allow him to use an interpreter so he could
testify in Spanish, his native language. Pana, 364 A.2d at 899. The central
issue in Wallace was similarly distinct, focusing on counsel’s ineffectiveness
for not requesting the appointment of an interpreter for his deaf client.
Wallace, 641 A.2d at 324-27. Indeed, Wallace sensibly suggests that the
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onus to inform the court of a comprehension issue lies with the defendant. 1
Instantly, Appellant had access to an interpreter throughout all stages
of the proceedings. On February 11, 2014, Appellant signed the written plea
colloquy with the assistance of an interpreter, indicating that he understood
the entirety of the document. See Guilty Plea Colloquy, 2/11/14, at 4 (“I
affirm that I have read the above document [with interpreter] and I
understand its full meaning, and I wish to enter a plea of guilty to the
offense or offenses specified.”).
At the guilty plea hearing, he was given the opportunity to testify
through an interpreter.2 N.T., Guilty Plea and Sentencing, 2/22/2014, at 9.
Moreover, the interpreter was present throughout the entirety of the
1
Finding arguable merit in Wallace’s contention that counsel was ineffective
for failing to request that the trial court appoint an interpreter, this Court
remanded the case for a hearing, noting, however:
that at the evidentiary hearing the burden of proof will rest
squarely on appellant. He must prove that his hearing was so
impaired at the time of trial that the absence of an interpreter
denied him a fair trial. Trial counsel will then have an
opportunity to explain the reasons, if any, for his failure to
request that an interpreter be appointed. Appellant will be
entitled to relief only if he proves that there was no reasonable
basis for trial counsel’s failure to request appointment of an
interpreter and that he, the appellant, was prejudiced by
counsel’s omission.
Id., 641 A.2d at 329.
2
During the guilty plea proceedings, Appellant responded to all queries
through an Arabic interpreter of Egyptian dialect, Marwan Abdel-Rahman.
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proceedings. Id. Appellant testified that he understood the maximum fines
and penalties listed on the plea form. Id. at 3. He also testified, through
the interpreter, that he understood everything in the colloquy form; that by
pleading guilty he acknowledged he was giving up certain constitutional and
appellate rights. Id. at 4. At no point did Appellant raise any translation
issues during his written or oral plea, nor did he indicate there was a
language comprehension problem when he signed the colloquy. Trial Court
Opinion, 11/6/2014, at 7. Based on the foregoing, we conclude that
Appellant is not entitled to relief on his second issue.
Accordingly, having found no merit to Appellant’s issues on appeal, we
affirm the order below.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/21/2015
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