A.S-M. v. J.M.

J-A19030-15

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

A.S-M. IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellant

v.

J.M.

Appellee No. 2096 WDA 2014

Appeal from the Order December 11, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
Family Court at No(s): FD13-007341-008

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., JENKINS, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY JENKINS, J.: FILED AUGUST 21, 2015

Appellant A.S-M. (“Mother”) appeals from the order entered in the

Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas, which denied her petition to

relocate and granted Appellee J.M. (“Father”) primary physical custody of

the parties’ 15-year old child (“Child”) if Mother decided to move to Florida.

We affirm.

The trial court set forth the relevant facts and procedural history of

this appeal as follows:

The parties married in 1996 and have two daughters. The
oldest [daughter], Carissa, now emancipated, attends
college in Florida; she is essentially estranged from Father.
The marriage was often troubled. The parties ultimately
separated in April of 2013, and Mother filed for divorce on
June 28, 2013. At trial, Mother had primary custody [of
Child]. Father exercises partial custody, as per his
employment schedule as an airline pilot. On August 1,
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2013, Father filed for shared custody and on August 22,
2013, Mother answered and requested primary custody.

The marital home has been sold. Father lives with
paternal grandmother and Mother lives in her parent’s
home.[1] Maternal grandparents spend half the year in
Fort Myers, Florida. Mother does not work but receives a
regular significant income from her father’s company.

* * *

[Mother] petitioned to relocate with [Child], to Florida.
[Father] objected and filed a petition for primary custody.
A two-day hearing was held [on] November 14 and 25,
2014, after which [the trial court] entered an order
denying Mother’s petition. [The] order left Child in
Mother’s primary custody should she stay in Allegheny
County. Only if Mother chose to move to Florida, was
primary custody awarded to Father.

Trial Court 1925(a) Opinion (“Opinion”), dated January 29, 2015, at 2-3.

On December 29, 2014, Mother timely filed a notice of appeal and a

concise statement of errors complained of upon appeal, pursuant to

Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b).

Mother raises the following issues for our review:

1. DID THE TRIAL COURT ABUSE [ITS] DISCRETION IN
DENYING [MOTHER’S] REQUEST TO RELOCATE [CHILD] TO
TARPON SPRINGS, FLORIDA?

____________________________________________

1
Mother’s parents have a home in Allegheny County, where Mother has
resided since the parties sold their marital home. Also, Mother’s parents
recently purchased a $470,00.00 home for Mother in Tarpon Springs,
Florida.

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2. DID THE TRIAL COURT ABUSE ITS DISCRETION IN NOT
PROVIDING SUFFICIENT WEIGHT TO THE WELL-
REASONED PREFERENCE OF [CHILD]?

Mother’s Brief at 3.

Before we address the merits of Mother’s claims, we must decide

whether to quash this appeal based on Mother’s flagrant disregard for the

Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure.

The Pennsylvania Rules of Appellate Procedure provide, in relevant

part:

Rule 2101. Conformance with Requirements

Briefs and reproduced records shall conform in all material
respects with the requirements of these rules as nearly as
the circumstances of the particular case will admit,
otherwise they may be suppressed, and, if the defects are
in the brief or reproduced record of the appellant and are
substantial, the appeal or other matter may be quashed or
dismissed.

Pa.R.A.P. 2101.

Rule 2135. Length of Briefs

(a) Unless otherwise ordered by an appellate court:
(1) A principal brief shall not exceed 14,000 words and a
reply brief shall not exceed 7,000 words, except as stated
in subparagraphs (a)(2)-(4). A party shall file a certificate
of compliance with the word count limit if the principal
brief is longer than 30 pages or the reply brief is longer
than 15 pages when prepared on a word processor or
typewriter.

Pa.R.A.P. 2135.

We observe:

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[W]here gross deviations from the appellate rules, which
substantially impair our ability to exercise the power of
review, are present, we will not hesitate to suppress the
party’s brief and quash the appeal.

Commonwealth v. Taylor, 451 A.2d 1360, 1361 (Pa.Super.1982).

Presently, Mother has flagrantly disregarded the Pennsylvania Rules of

Appellate Procedure by filing a 120 page brief. Although Mother’s brief fails

to conform with Pa.R.A.P. 2135 and we could quash this appeal, in the

interest of justice, because our ability to review Mother’s claims is not

substantially impaired, we will address the merits.2

In her first issue, Mother argues the court demonstrated partiality,

prejudice and bias in denying her relocation petition. She claims the court

wholly disregarded most of the evidence that was favorable to her, including

Father’s anger issues, Child’s expressed preference to be with Mother, the

“fabulous” school in Florida, the possibility of Mother going to nursing school

in Florida, and the fact that Mother already bought a house in Florida.

Mother concludes the trial court abused its discretion in denying her

relocation petition. We disagree.

Our scope and standard of review of a custody order are as follows:

____________________________________________

2
This entire appeal could be quashed as a sanction for failing to conform
with the Rules of Appellate Procedure Appellate, and counsel should be
careful in the future not to play fast and loose with these rules. Further,
appellate counsel should note that it would be more instructive to this Court
to cite to findings in the record instead of listing the findings repetitively in
his brief.

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[T]he appellate court is not bound by the deductions or
inferences made by the trial court from its findings of fact,
nor must the reviewing court accept a finding that has no
competent evidence to support it…. However, this broad
scope of review does not vest in the reviewing court the
duty or the privilege of making its own independent
determination.... Thus, an appellate court is empowered
to determine whether the trial court’s incontrovertible
factual findings support its factual conclusions, but it may
not interfere with those conclusions unless they are
unreasonable in view of the trial court’s factual findings;
and thus, represent a gross abuse of discretion.

* * *

[O]n issues of credibility and weight of the evidence, we
defer to the findings of the trial [court] who has had the
opportunity to observe the proceedings and demeanor of
the witnesses. The parties cannot dictate the amount of
weight the trial court places on evidence. Rather, the
paramount concern of the trial court is the best interest of
the child. Appellate interference is unwarranted if the trial
court’s consideration of the best interest of the child was
careful and thorough, and we are unable to find any abuse
of discretion.

A.V. v. S.T., 87 A.3d 818, 820 (Pa.Super.2014) (quoting R.M.G., Jr. v.

F.M.G., 986 A.2d 1234, 1237 (Pa.Super.2009)).

Section 5328 provides an enumerated list of sixteen factors a trial

court must consider in determining the best interests of a child when

awarding any form of custody:

§ 5328. Factors to consider when awarding custody

(a) Factors.—In ordering any form of custody, the
court shall determine the best interest of the child by
considering all relevant factors, giving weighted
consideration to those factors which affect the safety of the
child, including the following:

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(1) Which party is more likely to encourage and permit
frequent and continuing contact between the child and
another party.

(2) The present and past abuse committed by a party
or member of the party’s household, whether there is a
continued risk of harm to the child or an abused party and
which party can better provide adequate physical
safeguards and supervision of the child.

(3) The parental duties performed by each party on
behalf of the child.

(4) The need for stability and continuity in the child’s
education, family life and community life.

(5) The availability of extended family.

(6) The child’s sibling relationships.

(7) The well-reasoned preference of the child, based on
the child’s maturity and judgment.

(8) The attempts of a parent to turn the child against
the other parent, except in cases of domestic violence
where reasonable safety measures are necessary to
protect the child from harm.

(9) Which party is more likely to maintain a loving,
stable, consistent and nurturing relationship with the child
adequate for the child’s emotional needs.

(10) Which party is more likely to attend to the daily
physical, emotional, developmental, educational and
special needs of the child.

(11) The proximity of the residences of the parties.

(12) Each party’s availability to care for the child or
ability to make appropriate child-care arrangements.

(13) The level of conflict between the parties and the
willingness and ability of the parties to cooperate with one
another. A party’s effort to protect a child from abuse by

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another party is not evidence of unwillingness or inability
to cooperate with that party.

(14) The history of drug or alcohol abuse of a party or
member of a party’s household.

(15) The mental and physical condition of a party
or member of a party’s household.

(16) Any other relevant factor.

23 Pa.C.S. § 5328(a).3

Additionally,

When deciding a petition to modify custody, a court must
conduct a thorough analysis of the best interests of the
child based on the relevant Section 5328(a) factors. All of
the factors listed in section 5328(a) are required to be
considered by the trial court when entering a custody
order.

* * *

Section 5323(d) provides that a trial court shall delineate
the reasons for its decision on the record in open court or
in a written opinion or order. Additionally, section 5323(d)
requires the trial court to set forth its mandatory
assessment of the sixteen [Section 5328 custody] factors
prior to the deadline by which a litigant must file a notice
of appeal. Section 5323(d) applies to cases involving
custody….

In expressing the reasons for its decision, there is no
required amount of detail for the trial court’s explanation;
all that is required is that the enumerated factors are
considered and that the custody decision is based on those
____________________________________________

3
Effective January 1, 2014, the statute was amended to include an
additional factor at 23 Pa.C.S. § 5328(a)(2.1) (providing for consideration of
child abuse and involvement with child protective services).

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considerations. A court’s explanation of reasons for its
decision, which adequately addresses the relevant factors,
complies with Section 5323(d).

A.V., supra at 822-23 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted).

Before granting a petition for relocation, the court considers the

following factors:

(h) Relocation factors.--In determining whether to grant
a proposed relocation, the court shall consider the
following factors, giving weighted consideration to those
factors which affect the safety of the child:

(1) The nature, quality, extent of involvement and
duration of the child’s relationship with the party
proposing to relocate and with the nonrelocating party,
siblings and other significant persons in the child’s life.

(2) The age, developmental stage, needs of the child
and the likely impact the relocation will have on the
child’s physical, educational and emotional
development, taking into consideration any special
needs of the child.

(3) The feasibility of preserving the relationship
between the nonrelocating party and the child through
suitable custody arrangements, considering the logistics
and financial circumstances of the parties.

(4) The child’s preference, taking into consideration the
age and maturity of the child.

(5) Whether there is an established pattern of conduct
of either party to promote or thwart the relationship of
the child and the other party.

(6) Whether the relocation will enhance the general
quality of life for the party seeking the relocation,
including, but not limited to, financial or emotional
benefit or educational opportunity.

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(7) Whether the relocation will enhance the general
quality of life for the child, including, but not limited to,
financial or emotional benefit or educational
opportunity.

(8) The reasons and motivation of each party for
seeking or opposing the relocation.

(9) The present and past abuse committed by a party
or member of the party’s household and whether there
is a continued risk of harm to the child or an abused
party.

(10) Any other factor affecting the best interest of the
child.

23 Pa.C.S. § 5337.

Section 5337 also alters the legal standards that a trial
court must consider when ruling on a request to relocate.
Under prior practice, trial courts considered relocation
requests based upon the three-factor test set forth in
Gruber v. Gruber, 583 A.2d 434, 439 ([Pa.Super.]1990).
Under the Child Custody Act, however, trial courts must
consider the ten factors listed in subsection 5337(h). In
particular, while the Gruber test required consideration
generally of the “potential advantages of the proposed
move and the likelihood that the move would substantially
improve the quality of life for the custodial parent and the
children,” Gruber, 583 A.2d at 439, subsection 5337(h)
sets forth a number of specific factors intended to isolate
and focus this important inquiry.

E.D. v. M.P., 33 A.3d 73, 79-80 (Pa.Super.2011) (footnote omitted).

Presently, the court’s December 11, 2014 order4 properly considered

all relocation factors before denying Mother’s petition to relocate. See

____________________________________________

4
The order was filed on December 15, 2014.

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December 11 2014 order at 2-55 (finding: (1) although Child spent majority

of time with Mother since divorce, Father has been significant presence in

Child’s life; Mother has means to exercise custody without relocating; sibling

is in college and would not be residing with Child upon relocation, (2) Child

currently doing well with school, friends and activities; move would cause

disruptions; although school in Florida may be nice, little evidence presented

as to why change would be better; both parents care for Child’s emotional

needs and want to be part of her life, (3) move would significantly impact

time Father and Child spend together; Child and Father need regular weekly

contact to maintain and improve relationship, (4) Child expressed desire to

travel with Mother to Florida; although it was clear Child wished to remain in

primary custody of Mother, it was not clear she wanted to move to Florida;

Child seemed to mimic Mother’s wishes, (5) both parties exposed Child to

high levels of stress and involved Child in fight between each other, (6)

Mother was unable to credibly describe how life would be enhanced by move

other than proximity to other child and boyfriend, (7) Mother did not

demonstrate move would enhance quality of life; Mother could not

demonstrate how any possible enhancement would offset damage the move

would have on Child’s relationship with Father, (8) Mother desires to relocate

to avoid Father and start anew but is not financially motivated by move;

____________________________________________

5
Page numbers supplied by this Court.

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Father’s opposition to relocation is motivated by desire to maintain

relationship with Child, and (9) nothing indicated any significant abuse).

The court denied relocation and ordered:

If Mother chooses to remain in Allegheny County, the
current Order providing her with primary custody remains
unchanged. Should Mother relocate without [Child],
Father is awarded primary custody. In reaching this
decision, I first note that a minimal degree of cooperation
between the parents must be possible before equally
shared child custody could be appropriate. If Mother
chooses to stay, [Child’s] time with her Father shall remain
the same and, hopefully, gradually increase over time. In
making this determination, the [c]ourt has specifically
reviewed the factors set forth in 23 Pa.C.S. 5328…

December 11 2014 Order at 5. The court then analyzed all of the custody

factors of Section 5328 to determine that Father will get custody if Mother

chooses to relocate. See December 11 2014 Order at 5-7 (finding: (1) both

parties unnecessarily involved Child in disputes, but Father more likely than

Mother to encourage contact between Child and other parent, (2) abuse

factor is inapplicable, (3) Mother has been primary caregiver, but Father

desires to take on duties and needs opportunity to enhance parenting skills,

(4) remaining in Allegheny County would create stability for Child, (5) both

parents have extended family in Pittsburgh and Mother’s family spends

considerable time in Florida, (6) although sister attends college in Florida,

both parties can bring sisters together, (7) Child prefers to be with Mother,

but preference has been reinforced by animosity between parties, (8)

neither parent has purposely tried to turn Child against other parent, but

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both communicate disdain toward other parent, which is troubling and

harmful to Child, (9) by focusing on animosity, both parties have detracted

from time and energy available to devote to Child’s needs, (10) both parties

are more than capable of maintaining loving, stable, and nurturing

relationship with Child and providing appropriate care, (11) parties live in

close proximity so long as Mother does not relocate; if Mother relocates, it

will be her responsibility to travel to Allegheny County to exercise custody,

(12) Mother is more consistently available for Child as she is not employed

and would maintain primary custody if she stays in Allegheny County, (13)

both parents have been unwilling to cooperate with one another and are in

need of counseling, (14) remaining factors regarding substance abuse and

mental and physical impairment are inapplicable).6

The trial court’s factual conclusions are reasonable in view of its factual

findings. Thus, we see no abuse of discretion in its decision to deny

Mother’s relocation petition.

In her second issue, Mother argues Child expressed a strong

preference to live with Mother and the court abused its discretion in not

giving sufficient weight to the well-reasoned preference of Child. Again, we

disagree.
____________________________________________

6
Mother contends Father has mental health issues as evidenced by his
attending therapy sessions for his anger and so that he can interact better
with Child. The trial court did not hold Father’s therapy against him and
thought both parents could benefit from counseling.

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As discussed previously, the court considered the preference of Child,

along with all enumerated factors before making its relocation and custody

determinations and explained those reasons as required. See A.V., supra.

The court found that Child’s statements were often not well-reasoned but

mirrored Mother’s statements and that Child expressed a desire to live with

Mother, but not to move to Florida. We find the trial court’s factual

conclusions regarding Child’s preference reasonable and see no abuse of

discretion.

Order affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 8/21/2015

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