In the Missouri Court of Appeals
Eastern District
DIVISON FOUR
GIORDANIO A. BLACKBURN, ) No. ED101791
)
Appellant, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court of
) St. Louis County
vs. )
)
STATE OF MISSOURI, ) Honorable Carolyn C. Whittington
)
Respondent. ) Filed: September 1, 2015
Introduction
Giordanio Blackburn (Movant) appeals the judgment entered by the Circuit Court of St.
Louis County denying his amended Rule 29.15 motion without an evidentiary hearing. Movant
contends that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to: (1) request a mistrial or jury instruction
following the prosecutor’s statements during closing argument; and (2) develop a consistent
theory regarding a witness’s testimony. We reverse the motion court’s judgment and remand to
the motion court for an independent inquiry into whether Movant was abandoned by post-
conviction counsel and further proceedings consistent with the outcome of the inquiry.
Factual and Procedural Background
On January 20, 2009, Movant entered the home of Al-Regis Clay, Jessica Welch, and
three-year-old T.G. and shot and killed Mr. Clay. Holding his gun, Movant ordered Ms. Welch
and T.G. to “come the fuck on” and took them outside, where Movant’s two co-defendants
waited in the driver’s and passenger’s seat of a van. After Movant, Ms. Welch, and T.G. entered
the vehicle, they drove away.
The State charged Movant and his co-defendants in the same indictment with one count
of murder in the first degree, one count of kidnapping, one count of child kidnapping, and three
counts of armed criminal action. Defendant filed a motion to sever his trial from that of his co-
defendants, which the trial court granted.
The trial court held a jury trial, at the end of which the jury found Movant guilty on all
counts. The trial court sentenced Movant to concurrent sentences of life imprisonment without
parole for murder, fifteen years’ imprisonment for kidnapping, life imprisonment for child
kidnapping, and life imprisonment on each count of armed criminal action. We affirmed
Movant’s conviction and sentence in State v. Blackburn, 383 S.W.3d 490 (Mo.App.E.D. 2012).
Movant filed a timely pro se Rule 29.15 motion for post-conviction relief. In his motion,
Movant claimed that: (1) the prosecutor engaged in misconduct by charging him with murder in
the first degree while charging his co-defendant with murder in the second degree based on the
same factual allegations; (2) counsel was ineffective in failing to “challenge movant’s charging
instrument pretrial as contradictory and a legal impossibility”; and (3) counsel was ineffective in
failing to investigate and call three witnesses.
On March 18, 2013, the motion court appointed post-conviction counsel to represent
Movant in the proceeding. Ninety-one days later on June 17, 2013, post-conviction counsel filed
an amended Rule 29.15 motion and request for evidentiary hearing. In the amended motion,
Movant alleged that trial counsel was ineffective in: (1) failing to move to strike and instruct the
jury or request a mistrial after the prosecutor’s statement during closing argument; and (2) failing
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to develop a consistent theory regarding whether Ms. Welch was mistaken in her identification
of Movant or had a motive to implicate Movant over his co-defendant.
The motion court denied Movant’s amended Rule 29.15 motion without an evidentiary
hearing. In its findings of fact and conclusions of law, the motion court found that: (1) the
prosecutor’s statement during closing argument was not improper; and (2) Movant failed to
demonstrate prejudice from trial counsel’s failure to present a consistent theory regarding Ms.
Welch’s testimony. Movant appeals.
Standard of Review
Our review of a denial of a motion for post-conviction relief is limited to determining
whether the motion court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law are clearly erroneous. Rule
29.15(k). Findings and conclusions are erroneous if, after reviewing the entire record, we are left
with the definite impression that a mistake has been made. Zink v. State, 278 S.W.3d 170, 175
(Mo. banc 2009). In making this determination, we presume that the motion court’s findings are
correct. Id.
Discussion
In his first point, Movant asserts that the motion court erred in denying his claim that trial
counsel was ineffective in failing to request a jury instruction or mistrial after the trial court
sustained his objection to the prosecutor’s statement during closing argument because nothing in
the record refutes his claim that counsel had no reasonable trial strategy for failing to do so. In
his second point, Movant asserts that the motion court erred in denying his claim that trial
counsel was ineffective in failing to develop a consistent theory regarding Ms. Welch’s
testimony because he alleged facts unrefuted by the record that entitled him to relief on his
claim. In response, the State asserts that, because Movant’s amended Rule 29.15 motion was not
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timely filed, we should remand the case to the motion court to inquire whether Movant was
abandoned by post-conviction counsel.
As an initial matter, we address the State’s assertion that Movant’s amended motion was
untimely. Rule 29.15(g) governs the time limits for filing an amended post-conviction motion.
It provides, in pertinent part, that where a movant appeals the judgment sought to be vacated, set
aside or corrected, “the amended motion shall be filed within sixty days of the earlier of: (1) the
date both the mandate of the appellate court is issued and counsel is appointed or (2) the date
both the mandate of the appellate court is issued and an entry of appearance is filed by any
counsel that is not appointed by enters an appearance on behalf of movant.” Rule 29.15(g).
“[A]n amended motion filed beyond the deadline in Rule 29.15(g) can constitute
‘abandonment’ of the movant.” Moore v. State, 458 S.W.3d 822, 826 (Mo. banc 2015).
Abandonment by post-conviction counsel “extend[s] the time limitations for filing an amended
Rule 29.15 motion.” Id. Thus, when post-conviction counsel files an untimely amended motion,
“the motion court has a duty to undertake an ‘independent inquiry…’ to determine if
abandonment occurred.” Id. If the motion court finds that a movant has not been abandoned, the
motion court should not permit the filing of the amended motion and should proceed with
adjudicating the movant’s initial motion. Id. If the motion court determines that the movant was
abandoned by post-conviction counsel’s untimely filing of an amended motion, the court should
permit the untimely filing. Id.
If we determine that post-conviction counsel untimely filed an amended Rule 29.15
motion and the motion court did not conduct an independent inquiry into abandonment, then we
must remand the case to the motion court for such an inquiry. Lomax v. State, 2015 WL
3961195, No. ED 101809, at *1 (Mo.App.E.D. June 30, 2015). “It is our duty to enforce the
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mandatory timelines in the post-conviction rules, but ‘the motion court is the appropriate forum
to conduct such an inquiry’ into abandonment.” Id. (quoting Moore, 458 S.W.3d at 826).
The record reveals that post-conviction counsel untimely filed the amended Rule 29.15
motion. The motion court appointed post-conviction counsel to represent Movant on March 18,
2013, after the mandate of the appellate court was issued. Nothing in the record suggests that
post-conviction counsel requested or the motion court invoked the thirty-day extension of time
available under Rule 29.15(g).1 Thus, the amended motion was due on May 17, 2013. Post-
conviction counsel filed the amended motion on June 17, 2013, thirty-one days after the sixty-
day time limit.2 Accordingly, Movant’s amended motion was not timely filed.
The record reveals that the motion court did not conduct an independent inquiry into
whether Movant was abandoned. “When the inquiry is required but not done, this [c]ourt will
remand the case because the motion court is the appropriate forum to conduct such an inquiry.”
Moore, 458 S.W.3d at 826. The result of the inquiry into abandonment determines which motion
– the initial motion or the amended motion – the court should adjudicate. Id. Accordingly, the
motion court’s judgment is reversed and the case remanded for the motion court to conduct the
independent inquiry to determine if Movant was abandoned.
Conclusion
We reverse the motion court’s judgment denying Movant’s amended Rule 29.15 motion
and remand to the motion court for an independent inquiry into whether Movant was abandoned
1
Rule 29.15(g) provides that the motion court “may extend the time for filing the amended
motion for one additional period not to exceed thirty days.”
2
We note that had the motion court granted post-conviction counsel an additional thirty days to
file his amended Rule 29.15 motion, Movant’s amended motion would have been timely filed on
June 17, 2013 because June 16, 2013, the date the motion would have been due, was a Sunday.
See Rule 44.01(a).
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by post-conviction counsel and for further proceedings consistent with the outcome of the court’s
inquiry.
Patricia L. Cohen, Judge
Sherri B. Sullivan, P.J., and
Kurt S. Odenwald, J., concur.
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Giordanio A. Blackburn v. State of Missouri
Combined Opinion