Opinion issued July 11, 2002
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
NO. 01-01-00755-CV
____________
ARBOR HOLDING COMPANY, INC., Appellant
V.
THE CADLE COMPANY, Appellee
On Appeal from the 189th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 2000-33732
O P I N I O N
Appellant, Arbor Holding Company, Inc. (Arbor), brings this appeal from a post-judgment discovery order and an order denying Arbor's motion for severance. In three issues, Arbor argues the trial court erred in: (1) ordering the production of certain bank records pertaining to John C. Riddle (Riddle) to appellee, The Cadle Company (Cadle), (2) refusing to grant Arbor's motion to sever, and (3) advising Arbor to file a mandamus proceeding rather than a direct appeal to challenge the trial court's orders.
We dismiss for want of jurisdiction.
Facts and Procedural Background
Cadle brought the underlying lawsuit to enforce a $375,000 agreed judgment against John C. Riddle (Riddle), which Cadle purchased from Sunbelt Savings, F.S.B. (Sunbelt). The 1991 judgment was originally entered in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas-Houston Division. After purchasing the judgment, Cadle registered it with the 189th Judicial District Court of Harris County in accordance with the Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act. (1)
Arbor is a corporate subsidiary of the Elizabeth Marenfield 1986 Trust (the Trust) and is not a party to the lawsuit below. Riddle is the sole beneficiary of the Trust. As part of the proceeding to enforce its judgment, which Riddle has never satisfied, Cadle sought discovery of information regarding Riddle's assets. In his deposition, Riddle testified he works for Arbor, is a signatory on its checking account, and has written checks to himself from Arbor. Arbor purchased the house in which Riddle lives and pays the mortgage, property taxes, and homeowners' insurance premiums for the house. (2) Riddle also testified that Arbor makes the lease payments, and, occasionally, pays the insurance premiums, on a 1996 Jaguar and a 1999 Chevrolet Tahoe he uses as his personal vehicles. At the time of his deposition, Riddle had no employment contract or written job description for his consulting work for Arbor.
Pursuant to Rule 176 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, (3) Cadle then subpoenaed the bank account statements, returned checks, and signature cards pertaining to Arbor from Compass Bank (Compass). Although Compass produced the records to counsel for Cadle, Arbor objected to their production, and counsel for Cadle placed them under seal without reviewing them. Cadle then filed a motion for in camera inspection and requested that the trial court review the records and order them to be produced. (4)
The trial court granted Cadle's motion, in part, and ordered certain itemized records produced. The trial court subsequently denied Arbor's motion to sever the discovery dispute between Arbor and Cadle from the post-judgment proceedings pending between Cadle and Riddle.
Jurisdiction
Because Arbor challenges two interlocutory orders of the trial court, we must first determine whether we have jurisdiction to consider this appeal. An appeal may be taken only from a final judgment. Lehmann v. Har-Con Corp., 39 S.W.3d 191, 195 (Tex. 2001). A judgment is final for purposes of appeal if it disposes of all pending parties and claims in the record. Id.
It its first issue, Arbor argues the trial court erred in ordering the production of the bank records to Cadle. As noted above, Cadle sought the records as part of its attempt to discover assets against which it could enforce its judgment. Rule 621a of the Rules of Civil Procedure permits a successful party to initiate and conduct discovery to obtain information and aid in the enforcement of its judgment. Tex. R. Civ. P. 621a. The judicial supervision of post-judgment discovery proceedings is the same as for pre-trial discovery. Id.
As with pre-trial discovery orders, rule 621a orders "are not final or appealable in themselves." Collier Servs. Corp. v. Salinas, 812 S.W.2d 372, 375 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 1991, orig. proceeding). "Trial court orders granting or denying particular postjudgment discovery requests are not appealable until a final judgment is rendered disposing of all issues between the parties." Arndt v. Farris, 633 S.W.2d 497, 500 n.5 (Tex. 1982) (citing Parks v. Huffington, 616 S.W.2d 641, 644-45 (Tex. Civ. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1981, writ ref'd n.r.e.)). Here, the trial court's August 7, 2001 discovery order did not dispose of the pending claims between Cadle and Riddle and was not a final judgment.
In its second issue, Arbor argues the trial court erred in denying Arbor's motion to sever its claims from the dispute between Cadle and Riddle. Rule 41 of the Rules of Civil Procedure grants a trial court broad discretion to sever a lawsuit into separate causes. Tex. R. Civ. P. 41. On appeal, we will not disturb a trial court's decision to grant or deny a motion for severance unless the court abused its discretion. Guar. Fed. Sav. Bank v. Horseshoe Operating Co., 793 S.W.2d 652, 658 (Tex. 1990). Again, however, the trial court's decision to deny Arbor's motion to sever did not dispose of the pending claims between Cadle and Riddle and was not a final judgment.
In its third issue, Arbor asserts that, at the hearing on Arbor's motion to sever, the trial court erroneously advised it to file a mandamus proceeding to challenge the court's rulings on the production of Arbor's bank records and the denial of the motion to sever. We note that, although appeal will not lie from a rule 621a order, a party may seek appellate review of such an order by a petition for writ of mandamus to determine whether the trial court abused its discretion. See Collier, 812 S.W.2d at 375. In addition, a petition for writ of mandamus is the appropriate remedy for a party to seek appellate review of the issue of severance when there is no adequate remedy by appeal. Liberty Nat'l Fire Ins. Co. v. Akin, 927 S.W.2d 627 (Tex. 1996).
Conclusion
Neither of the orders challenged by Arbor is final and they are, therefore, not appealable. Therefore, we lack jurisdiction to consider Arbor's appeal. However, as the trial court correctly advised, both orders may be reviewed in the parallel mandamus proceeding filed by Arbor.
We dismiss the appeal for want of jurisdiction.
Terry Jennings
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Hedges, Jennings, and Keyes
Do not publish. Tex. R. App. P. 47.
1. 2. 3. 4.