Opinion issued October 25, 2007
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
NO. 01-06-00855-CR
____________
STEVEN DOUGLAS WALMER, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 176th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 1081874
O P I N I O N
The trial court found appellant, Steven Douglas Walmer, guilty of the offense of Failure to Comply with Registration Requirements of a Sex Offender (1) and, after appellant pleaded true to the allegation in one enhancement paragraph that he had a prior felony conviction, assessed his punishment at confinement for twelve years. In his sole point of error, appellant contends that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support his conviction.
We affirm.
Factual Background
Harris County Sheriff's Office Deputy J. Karrer, assigned to the Sex Offender Registration Division, testified that, because appellant was previously convicted for the offense of sexual assault of a child, appellant had to register as a sex offender with his designated primary registration authority. (2) Consequently, before his release from prison for his sexual assault conviction, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice required appellant to sign a "Pre-release Notification Form" dated November 23, 2005, which informed him of the applicable sex offender registration requirements. This form provided that the Harris County Sheriff's Office would serve as appellant's primary registration authority and informed him that he had seven days to provide the Harris County Sheriff's Office with his physical address. On December 6, 2005, appellant met with Karrer and signed a "Sex Offender Update Form," which told appellant of his duty to register as a "sex offender with local law enforcement." On the same day, he also signed a "Harris County Sheriff's Office Sex Offender Registrant Acknowledgement," which explained his duty to register at least once a year within thirty days of his birthday at the Harris County Sheriff's Office and told him what to do if he happened to move. Appellant also filled out a "Sex Offender Registration" form, stating that his physical address was 18018 Blundell in Spring, Texas 77388. This form also specified appellant's need to understand his duty to register as a "sex offender." Finally, appellant filled out another "Pre-Release Notification Form," which reiterated his duties if he ever moved. While appellant was signing the various forms, Karrer also explained orally to appellant his registration duties if he decided to move. Asked if appellant "appear[ed] to understand what you were telling him about this requirement," Karrer answered, "Yes, he did."
On January 18, 2006, based on information from a telephone call that he received, Karrer left a message with appellant notifying him that if he was not living at the registered address he needed to contact Karrer. Appellant returned the telephone call on January 19, 2006, and Karrer told appellant that "[i]f he was not living at the address he had listed that he had to tell us where he was going" and that if "he didn't have a permanent address that he needed to notify us on a regular basis of where he was." Karrer explained to appellant that if appellant was only staying at a regular address until he found another residence, he needed to contact Karrer on a weekly basis. Because appellant told Karrer that he "was staying with friends from night to night," Karrer told appellant that he needed to call daily. Appellant told Karrer that his brother was trying to find him a place to live through a social worker. The next time Karrer heard from appellant was on January 26, 2006. Appellant was unable to inform Karrer where he was living at that time. Karrer testified that as of January 26, 2006, appellant had never registered a correct address and had never been in compliance with the registration requirements.
Francis Ryan, appellant's mother, testified that she has lived at 18018 Blundell in Spring, Texas for sixteen years. After appellant was released from prison on November 23, 2005, he went to live with his brother, Jason Ryan, in Tomball, Texas. Francis Ryan initially told appellant that he could not live with her because she received food stamps and could not have an offender living in her home. She made it clear to appellant that he was not to register her address as his residence. On January 4, 2006, after visiting the sex-offender registry, Francis Ryan learned that appellant had listed her address as his residence.
Francis Ryan further testified that on January 26, 2006, her husband brought appellant to their home after work that evening. Prior to that night, appellant had not slept at their home. However, on cross-examination, she testified that appellant had slept at her residence on "the night prior" to January 18, 2006, and she made appellant "leave the following day." She explained that the only reason appellant had stayed with her for that one night was that his brother had "thrown him out of his apartment."
Appellant testified that upon his release from prison, he lived with his mother. On January 18, 2006, after he "hooked up" with Lindsey Smith, his brother's girlfriend, his mother "got upset by it" and told him to pack his belongings and leave her house. Around January 24 or 25, 2006, after appellant had been kicked out of his mother's house, he planned to move to the "Town Suites" hotel inside of Houston. Appellant had conversations with Deputy Karrer "on the 18th and the 26th and all the dates in between and the 27th also, a Friday," but later testified that he "did not call [Karrer] every single day of the nine days." As of January 26, 2006, appellant still had not moved into the hotel.
Appellant also explained that between January 18 and January 26, 2006, he never knew where he was going to be staying from night to night. Appellant "always ended up around Tomball area highway in there." He stayed at Smith's home a "few times" during the first seven days after being thrown out of his mother's house.
On cross-examination, appellant contradicted himself and stated that after he had been released from prison, he "bounced in between" his brother's apartment in Tomball and his mother's house in Spring. Appellant was shown a T-Mobile cellular phone bill, which contained appellant's name, listing his address as his brother's address in Tomball. When the bill was introduced at trial, appellant denied that it was his, but he conceded that it had the correct address of his brother on the bill.
Standard of Review
We review the legal sufficiency of the evidence by viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict to determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Vodochodsky v. State, 158 S.W.3d 502, 509 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). We note that the trier of fact is the sole judge of the weight and credibility of the evidence. Margraves v. State, 34 S.W.3d 912, 919 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). Thus, when performing a legal sufficiency review, we may not reevaluate the weight and credibility of the evidence and substitute our judgment for that of the fact-finder. Dewberry v. State, 4 S.W.3d 735, 740 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). We must resolve any inconsistencies in the evidence in favor of the verdict. Curry v. State, 30 S.W.3d 394, 406 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000).
In a factual sufficiency review, we view all the evidence in a neutral light, both for and against the finding, and set aside the verdict if the proof of guilt is so obviously weak as to undermine confidence in the jury's determination, i.e., that the verdict seems "clearly wrong and manifestly unjust," or the proof of guilt, although legally sufficient, is nevertheless against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence. Watson v. State, 204 S.W.3d 404, 414-15 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006). A jury is in the best position to evaluate the credibility of witnesses, and we are required to afford "due deference" to the jury's determinations. Marshall v. State, 210 S.W.3d 618, 625 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006).Sufficiency of the Evidence
In his sole point of error, appellant argues that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support his conviction because the State failed to show that he "failed to notify the Harris County Sheriff's Department at least seven days before he moved [as] it was impossible for [a]ppellant to notify the department since his mother threw him out of the house." Appellant asserts that the State "provided no proof that [appellant] intended to change his address from his mother's house because [appellant] testified that his mother unexpectedly threw him out of her house." (emphasis added).
Appellant also argues that the State failed to show that he "had to report his change of address to the Harris County Sheriff's Department within seven days of the move" because he was "required to report his address change to the local law enforcement authority of his new residence which was the Tomball Police Department." See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 62.055(a) (Vernon 2006). Appellant concludes that because the "evidence showed that [he] was living in Tomball," he was required "to notify the Tomball Police Department and not the Harris County Sheriff's Department of his change of address within seven days of the change."
A person commits the offense of failure to comply with the requirements of the Sex Offender Registration Program if the person is required to register and fails to comply with any requirement of the Sex Offender Registration Program. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 62.102(a) (Vernon 2006). Article 62.055(a) provides,
If a person required to register under this chapter intends to change address, . . . the person shall, not later than the seventh day before the intended change, report in person to the local law enforcement authority designated as the person's primary registration authority by the department . . . and provide the authority and the officer with the person's anticipated move date and new address.
Id. art. 62.055(a) (emphasis added). This article also requires that he or she "not later than . . . the seventh day after changing the address . . . report in person to the local law enforcement authority . . . in which the person's new residence is located . . . ." Id.
In Grant v. State, the defendant argued that the evidence was legally insufficient to support his conviction because there was "no proof that he ever intended to move but, instead, simply left unexpectedly." 154 S.W.3d 684, 686 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, pet. ref'd) (emphasis added). The defendant further argued that "[b]ecause his departure was not planned, . . . the State failed to prove he intended to move, and failed to prove he had an anticipated move date and new address." Id. The evidence in support of the jury's verdict in Grant showed that the defendant left a halfway home where he had been living and did not return. Id. Although the defendant discussed moving in with a friend shortly before his departure, he never contacted his primary registration authority to report his anticipated move date and new address. Id. Based on this evidence, the court held that the evidence was legally and factually sufficient to support the conviction. Id. at 686-87.
Here, the evidence at trial showed that appellant registered, using his mother's address of 18018 Blundell in Spring, Texas 77388. Appellant testified that he lived at his mother's house until January 18, 2006, when he was "thrown out." Appellant never contacted or provided the Harris County Sheriff's Office with a new address, even after Deputy Karrer left a message on January 18, 2006, informing appellant of his duty to report to the Harris County Sheriff's Office, Karrer's speaking to appellant on January 19, 2006, and Karrer's again speaking to appellant on January 26, 2006. Appellant subsequently contradicted his own testimony regarding his whereabouts up until January 18, 2006, when he agreed that after he was released from prison, he had actually been "bounc[ing] in between" his brother's apartment in Tomball and his mother's house in Spring.
Deputy Karrer also testified that appellant had never properly complied with reporting a new address to the Harris County Sheriff's Office because appellant had never lived with his mother after his release from prison on November 23, 2005, even though his mother's address was labeled on the "Sex Offender Registration" form as appellant's physical address. Indeed, appellant's mother testified that appellant never lived with her after his release from prison.
This evidence supports a finding that appellant failed to provide his primary registration authority, the Harris County Sheriff's Office, his anticipated move date and new address seven days before the intended change. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 62.055(a); Grant, 154 S.W.3d at 686. Even if his move was unexpected, as alleged in Grant, appellant still failed to provide his move date and new address to Karrer.
Viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude that a rational trier of fact could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant failed to comply with article 62.055's requirement that he inform the Harris County Sheriff's Office of his "anticipated move date and new address." Viewing the evidence neutrally, we conclude that the evidence is not so obviously weak such that the verdict is clearly wrong and manifestly unjust, or that the proof of guilt is against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence. Accordingly, we hold that the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to support appellant's conviction for failing to inform the Harris County Sheriff's Office before his move. (3) We overrule appellant's sole point of error.
Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Terry Jennings
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Nuchia, Jennings, and Keyes.
Publish. Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).
1. 2. 3. Having held that the evidence is sufficient to support a finding that appellant failed
to notify the Harris County Sheriff's Office, the primary registration authority, of an
impending move in violation of article 62.055(a), we need not address appellant's
other assertion that he should have been charged with failing to report to the Tomball
Police Department rather than the Harris County Sheriff's Office after he moved.