Opinion issued June 17, 2010
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
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NO. 01-09-00692-CR
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AMBER CATRICE EDMONSON, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 10th District Court
Galveston County, Texas
Trial Court Case No. 08CR3025
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Amber Caprice Edmonson, pleaded guilty before a jury to the offense of aggravated robbery with a deadly weapon.[1] The jury assessed appellant’s punishment at 8 years’ imprisonment. In one issue, appellant contends that she was “denied a fair trial because the court failed to admonish her before she pled guilty.”
We affirm.
Background
A grand jury indicted appellant for the felony offense of aggravated robbery. Appellant decided to plead guilty to the offense but to have the jury assess her punishment. Before voir dire and outside the presence of the venire, the following exchange occurred between appellant and the trial court:
THE COURT: The charge against you is aggravated robbery and that is a first degree felony. If you are convicted of that offense you could be sent to the penitentiary for a period of not less than five nor more than 99 years or life imprisonment and a $10,000 fine can also be imposed. Do you understand that’s the range of punishment?
[Appellant]: Yes, sir.
THE COURT: You understand you have a right to jury trial, and you have a right to plead not guilty, and you could force the State to prove your case, and you also have a right of appeal. But you are not waiving the right to jury trial as to punishment and you are not waiving your right to appeal any matters that come before the Court that your lawyer feels they can appeal for you, and my understanding is you will be entering a plea of guilty to the charge of aggravated robbery; is that correct?
[Appellant]: Yes, Your Honor.
THE COURT: I take it the lawyer has explained all your rights to you?
[Appellant]: Yes, sir.
THE COURT: Do you understand them?
[Appellant]: Yes, sir.
THE COURT: And do you understand the range of punishment in the case?
[Appellant]: Yes.
The State then read the indictment. The exchange between appellant and the trial court continued as follows:
THE COURT: How do you plead?
[Appellant]: Guilty.
THE COURT: Are you pleading guilty voluntarily?
[Appellant]: Yes, Your Honor.
THE COURT: No one made you any promises for entering that plea, did they?
[Appellant]: No.
THE COURT: No one forced you to do that?
[Appellant]: No, sir.
THE COURT: I will accept it and we will have the indictment read in front of the jury after we pick the jury, and you can enter your plea of guilty at that time before the jury.
[Appellant]: Thank you, Your Honor.
A jury was then chosen. With the jury present, the prosecutor read the indictment, and the trial court asked appellant how she pled. Appellant responded, “Guilty.” Trial then continued with regard to punishment. The prosecution offered witness testimony, which was subject to cross-examination by the defense. Appellant took the stand and testified in her own defense.
The court’s charge instructed the jury as follows: “The Defendant [ ] has pled guilty in this case to the offense of Aggravated Robbery as alleged in the indictment. You are now instructed to find the Defendant guilty of Aggravated Robbery as alleged in the Indictment and to assess her punishment for the offense.”
The jury assessed appellant’s punishment at 8 years in prison. This appeal followed.
Appellant’s Guilty Plea
In her sole issue, appellant contends that she was not properly admonished before she pled guilty to the offense of aggravated robbery. In support of this issue, appellant argues that the trial court “never admonished [appellant] of her right to trial by jury, the right to confront one’s accusers, and the privilege against compulsory self-incrimination.” Appellant further asserts that the provisions of Code of Criminal Procedure articles 1.13 and 1.15 were not followed. These articles set out the requirements and procedure that must be followed before a defendant can waive her right to a trial by jury. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. arts. 1.13, 1.15 (Vernon 2005).
Appellant’s argument presumes, incorrectly, that a defendant who pleads guilty in front of a jury has waived her right to trial by jury. The law is clear that a guilty plea before a jury is a trial by jury; such plea does not constitute waiver of trial by jury. See Williams v. State, 674 S.W.2d 315, 318 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984); Garcia v. State, 877 S.W.2d 809, 812 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1994, pet. ref’d); see also Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 26.14 (Vernon 2009) (requiring that a jury shall be impaneled to assess punishment when a defendant in a felony case pleads guilty, unless the defendant has waived the right to trial by jury).
Here, appellant did not waive her right to trial by jury. A jury was impaneled, and appellant pled guilty in front of the jury. Each side offered evidence. Appellant cross-examined each of the State’s witnesses, and she testified in her own defense. After hearing appellant’s guilty plea, the jury found appellant guilty, as instructed, and assessed her punishment. In short, the record shows that appellant was tried by a jury. Thus, the requirements of articles 1.13 and 1.15 did not apply and need not be met. See Williams, 674 S.W.2d at 318.
In addition, the trial court was not required to admonish appellant regarding her rights regarding cross-examination and self-incrimination. After an accused enters a plea of guilty to a felony charge before the jury, the proceedings, including guilt-innocence and punishment, are a unitary trial. Carroll v. State, 975 S.W.2d 630, 631 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998). Because she retains her right to confront and to cross-examine witnesses, a defendant who pleads guilty before a jury need not be informed of her rights regarding cross-examination and self-incrimination. See Williams, 674 S.W.2d at 319–20; Garcia, 877 S.W.2d at 812.
We recognize that a constitutionally valid guilty plea must be freely, knowingly, and voluntarily made. See Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742, 748, 90 S. Ct. 1463, 1469 (1970). Consistent with due process, a guilty plea must be made with a clear understanding of the direct consequences of the plea.[2] Mitschke v. State, 129 S.W.3d 130, 132 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004). Furthermore, a guilty plea must be the expression of the defendant’s own free will and not induced by threats, misrepresentations, or improper promises. Kniatt v. State, 206 S.W.3d 657, 664 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006).
Here, the record reflects that the trial court informed appellant of the punishment range for the offense. The court also questioned appellant to insure that she was pleading guilty of her own free will. Nothing in the record indicates that appellant’s guilty plea was not voluntarily given.
We overrule appellant’s sole issue.
Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Laura Carter Higley
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Keyes, Hanks, and Higley.
Do not publish. Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).
[1] See Tex. Penal Code Ann. §§ 29.02(a)(2), 29.03(a)(2) (Vernon 2003).
[2] Direct consequences of a plea are generally held to be the admonishments listed in article 26.13 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 26.13 (Vernon Supp. 2009); Meyers v. State, 623 S.W.2d 397, 402 (Tex. Crim. App. 1981) (explaining that purpose and function of article 26.13 is to ensure only constitutionally valid plea is accepted by trial court). Appellant does not complain that the trial court failed to admonish her in compliance with article 26.13.