Michael Dwyer McCullough v. Doug Dretke

COURT OF APPEALS
SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH

NO. 2-07-294-CV

MICHAEL DWYER MCCULLOUGH APPELLANT

V.

DOUG DRETKE, ET AL. APPELLEES

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FROM THE 30TH DISTRICT COURT OF WICHITA COUNTY

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MEMORANDUM OPINION 1

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In one issue, Appellant Michael Dwyer McCullough argues that the trial

court erred by dismissing his suit with prejudice. We will affirm.

I. B ACKGROUND AND P ROCEDURAL H ISTORY

McCullough, a prison inmate, filed suit on February 22, 2005, against

eleven employees of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice–Correctional

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… See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
Institutions Division complaining that the employees failed to take proper action

when another inmate beat McCullough in a prison cell. On March 23, 2005,

six of the eleven defendants filed a motion to dismiss under Chapter 14 of the

Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, which governs suits brought by an

inmate in which the inmate files an affidavit or unsworn declaration of inability

to pay costs. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. §§ 14.002–.004 (Vernon

2002). The trial court granted the defendants’ motion and dismissed the case

without prejudice on April 14, 2005, for failure to comply with Chapter 14

requirements.

On June 13, 2005, defendant David Skelton filed a motion to dismiss

claiming that McCullough failed to comply with Chapter 14. Specifically,

Skelton argued that McCullough made a false allegation of poverty because he

had sufficient funds in his inmate trust account to pay the filing fee and that

McCullough did not satisfy the requirements of section 14.004 because he

failed to provide a sufficient affidavit of previous filings. See id.

§§ 14.003(a)(1), 14.004.

The trial court stated that it would hear the case by submission on or

after July 11, 2005. The trial court did not take action, however, for

approximately two years until Skelton filed a motion to dismiss for want of

prosecution. On June 22, 2007, the trial court informed the parties that upon

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receipt of the second motion to dismiss it recognized that it had failed to rule

on Skelton’s first motion to dismiss. The trial court then granted the first

motion to dismiss and stated that the second motion to dismiss for want of

prosecution was therefore moot. The trial court did not state at that time

whether it was dismissing the case with or without prejudice. On July 5,

2007, the trial court signed an order dismissing McCullough’s suit with

prejudice based on his failure to comply with Chapter 14. The trial court later

filed findings of fact and conclusions of law, stating that it had dismissed

McCullough’s suit because he had made a false allegation of poverty and

because he had failed to state the operative facts of his previous filings as

required by section 14.004 of the civil practice and remedies code. McCullough

then filed this pro se appeal.

II. M OTION TO D ISMISS U NDER C HAPTER 14

In his sole issue, McCullough does not complain that the trial court erred

by dismissing his claim but rather that the trial court improperly dismissed his

claim with prejudice.2 McCullough claims that when the trial court informed

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… In fact, in his prayer on appeal, McCullough states that the “ruling of
May 2007 should stand.” The trial court did not make a ruling in May 2007,
and McCullough is referring to the letter that the trial court sent to both parties
in June 2007 in which it granted Skelton’s motion to dismiss but did not
specify whether the dismissal was with or without prejudice.

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both parties by letter that it had failed to rule on Skelton’s original motion to

dismiss and that it had decided to grant the dismissal, the trial court “reflected”

that it was dismissing McCullough’s case without prejudice. The record,

however, does not support McCullough’s claim that the court initially intended

to dismiss the case without prejudice. Nevertheless, we will address the issue

of whether the trial court abused its discretion by dismissing the case with

prejudice.

Chapter 14 of the civil practice and remedies code governs suits brought

by an inmate in which the inmate files an affidavit or unsworn declaration of

inability to pay costs. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 14.002; Garrett v.

Williams, 250 S.W.3d 154, 157 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2008, no pet.). The

legislature enacted this statute to control the flood of frivolous lawsuits being

filed in Texas courts by prison inmates because these suits consume many

valuable judicial resources with little offsetting benefits. Garrett, 250 S.W.3d

at 157. The purpose of chapter 14 is not to punish inmates for filing claims,

but to aid the court in determining whether an inmate’s claim is frivolous. Id.

A court may dismiss a claim, either before or after service of process, if

the court finds that (1) the allegation of poverty in the affidavit or unsworn

declaration is false; (2) the claim is frivolous or malicious; or (3) the inmate filed

an affidavit or unsworn declaration required by the chapter that the inmate

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knew was false. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 14.003(a). In

determining whether a claim is frivolous or malicious, the trial court may

consider whether (1) the claim’s realistic chance of ultimate success is slight;

(2) the claim has no arguable basis in law or fact; (3) it is clear that the party

cannot prove facts in support of the claim; or (4) the claim is substantially

similar to a previous claim filed by the inmate because the claim arises from the

same operative facts. Id. at § 14.003(b).

A dismissal with prejudice constitutes an adjudication on the merits and

operates as if the case had been fully tried and decided. See Ritchey v.

Vasquez, 986 S.W.2d 611, 612 (Tex. 1999); Garrett, 250 S.W.3d at 160.

Thus, orders dismissing cases with prejudice have full res judicata and collateral

estoppel effect, barring subsequent relitigation of the same causes of action or

issues between the same parties. See Barr v. Resolution Trust Corp., 837

S.W.2d 627, 630–31 (Tex. 1992); Garrett, 250 S.W.3d at 160.

A dismissal with prejudice is improper if the plaintiff’s failure to comply

with the statute’s procedural requirements can be remedied. Garrett, 250

S.W.3d at 160; Hickman v. Adams, 35 S.W.3d 120, 125 (Tex. App.—Houston

[14th Dist.] 2000, no pet.). When reviewing whether the trial court abused its

discretion by dismissing with prejudice, this court should consider whether the

petitioner’s error could be remedied with a more specific pleading; if so, a

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dismissal with prejudice is improper. Garrett, 250 S.W.3d at 160; Thomas v.

Knight, 52 S.W.3d 292, 294 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2001, pet. denied),

cert. denied, 537 U.S. 890 (2002).

Here, the trial court dismissed the suit in part because McCullough did not

provide the operative facts of the cases that he had previously filed, even

though he listed five previous law suits in his affidavit. See Tex. Civ. Prac. &

Rem. Code Ann. § 14.004. Section 14.004 requires the inmate plaintiff to file

an affidavit relating to previous filings, specifically requiring, among other

things, that the plaintiff state the operative facts for which relief was sought

in any previous filings. See id.; Clark v. Unit, 23 S.W.3d 420, 422 (Tex.

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2000, pet. denied). Without this information, the

trial court cannot determine whether the suit is substantially similar to a

previous claim. Clark, 23 S.W.3d at 422; Bell v. Texas Dep’t of Criminal

Justice-Inst. Div., 962 S.W.2d 156, 158 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]

1998, pet. denied). Thus, if not provided, the trial court is entitled to assume

that the suit is substantially similar to one previously filed by the inmate and is

therefore frivolous. Clark, 23 S.W.3d at 422; Bell, 962 S.W.2d at 158.

Failing to state the operative facts of his previous filings is certainly an

error that McCullough could correct by filing a more specific pleading; thus,

dismissing the case with prejudice on those grounds is improper. See Williams

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v. Mooneyham, No. 02-06-00348-CV, 2008 WL 281525, at *3 (Tex.

App.—Fort Worth Jan. 31, 2008, pet. denied) (mem. op. on reh’g); See also

Thomas, 52 S.W.3d at 295–96.

The trial court, however, also dismissed the case because it concluded

that McCullough made a false allegation of poverty in his affidavit of indigency.

McCullough alleged that he was unable to pay the costs of his suit, but he also

stated in the affidavit that he received money from his family, and he attached

his trust account with a then-current balance of $103.92 and a six-month

average balance of $184.92. McCullough has not asked us to determine

whether the trial court abused its discretion in determining that McCullough

made a false allegation, and to the extent that it was McCullough’s intent to

raise such a question, the issue is inadequately briefed. See Tex. R. App.

38.1(h). As for the question of whether it is an abuse of discretion to dismiss

a suit when the plaintiff makes a false allegation of poverty, we hold that it is

not. See Brown v. Highland Park Cafeterias, Inc., No. 05-91-01867-CV, 1992

WL 141144 at *1 (Tex. App.—Dallas June 16, 1992, no writ) (not designated

for publication) (holding that the trial court is not required to allow the plaintiff

to re-file when he makes a false statement of indigency); see also Garrett, 250

S.W.3d at 160 (stating that the court should consider whether the petitioner’s

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error could be remedied with a more specific pleading). Thus, we overrule

McCullough’s sole issue.

III. C ONCLUSION

Having overruled McCullough’s issue, we affirm the trial court’s

judgment.

PER CURIAM

PANEL: HOLMAN, GARDNER, and WALKER, JJ.

DELIVERED: September 11, 2008

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