Classic Century, Inc. F/K/A Classic Century Homes, Inc. v. Deer Creek Estates, Inc., Darsona Enterprises D/B/A Alliance Homes, and Kenmark Homes, L.P., a Texas Limited Partnership

COURT OF APPEALS
SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH

NO. 2-07-035-CV

CYNTHIA MCCLURE APPELLANT

V.

AMERISURE INSURANCE COMPANY APPELLEE

------------

FROM THE 153RD DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY

------------

MEMORANDUM OPINION 1

------------

In two issues, appellant Cynthia McClure appeals from the trial court’s

order granting appellee Amerisure Insurance Company’s no evidence motion for

summary judgment. We affirm.

McClure was employed as a salesperson for Thomas Draperies, Inc.,

which, at all relevant times, had workers’ compensation insurance coverage

1
… See T EX. R. A PP. P. 47.4.
through Amerisure. On September 14, 1994, McClure, while in the course and

scope of her employment, was involved in an automobile accident. Immediately

following the accident, McClure was treated at Arlington Memorial Hospital’s

emergency room for non-depressed fracture of the sternum, left wrist fracture,

fracture of the nasal bone, left eyelid laceration, and hand contusions (the

“compensable injury”).2 She was admitted into the hospital for observation and

discharged the next day.

McClure filed a worker’s compensation claim with the Texas Worker’s

Compensation Commission. Amerisure accepted McClure’s claim for worker’s

compensation benefits without dispute.

In April of 1996, McClure settled with the third party responsible for the

automobile accident accepting approximately $50,000.00, of which McClure

received about $18,000.00. McClure’s attorney received the balance for legal

services rendered in procuring the settlement.

Pursuant to section 417.002 of the labor code, the settlement proceeds

were to be used to reimburse Amerisure for benefits, including medical benefits,

2
… See T EX. L AB. C ODE A NN. § 401.011(10) (“‘Compensable injury’”
means an injury that arises out of and in the course and scope of employment
for which [worker’s] compensation is payable[.]”).

2
it paid McClure for the compensable injury.3 Further, any amount of the

proceeds that exceeded the amount of the reimbursement Amerisure was

entitled to, was to be treated as an advance against future benefits, including

medical benefits, that McClure was entitled to receive (the “advance”). 4 If the

advance was adequate to cover all future benefits McClure was entitled to,

Amerisure was not required to resume payment of benefits.5

Seven years after the occurrence of the compensable injury, McClure

alleged that her compensable injury extended to include hypertension,

inflamation of the sternum, sleep apnea, fibromyalgia/connective tissue

disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, and

headaches. McClure also alleged that she had exhausted the advance on the

payment of compensable medical care and, therefore, Amerisure was required

3
… See T EX. L AB. C ODE A NN. § 417.002(a) (Vernon 2006) (“The net
amount recovered by a claimant in a third-party action shall be used to
reimburse the insurance carrier for benefits, including medical benefits, that
have been paid for the compensable injury.”).
4
… See id. § 417.002(b) (“Any amount recovered that exceeds the
amount of the reimbursement required under Subsection (a) shall be treated as
an advance against future benefits, including medical benefits, that the claimant
is entitled to receive[.]”).
5
… See id. § 417.002(c) (“If the advance under Subsection (b) is
adequate to cover all future benefits, the insurance carrier is not required to
resume the payment of benefits. If the advance is insufficient, the insurance
carrier shall resume the payment of benefits when the advance is exhausted.”).

3
to resume payment of benefits. Amerisure disputed that these conditions were

related to the compensable injury.

McClure took her claim to the Texas Worker’s Compensation

Commission’s administrative resolution dispute process. A benefit review

conference was held to mediate the dispute, but the parties were unable to

reach agreement. Therefore, a benefit contested case hearing was held to

decide the extent of the compensable injury and whether McClure had

exhausted the advance.

On May 24, 2004, the hearing officer signed a decision and order finding

that McClure’s compensable injury did not extend to include her conditions and

that she had not exhausted the advance requiring Amerisure to resume payment

of benefits. McClure appealed this determination to the Texas Workers’

Compensation Commission Appeals Panel, which affirmed the hearing officer’s

decision and order.6

6
… In reaching this decision, the appeals panel found that McClure had
attached new evidence to her appeal that had not been offered into evidence
at the hearing. The appeals panel determined that the new evidence did not
meet the requirements for “newly discovered evidence” and would not be
considered on appeal. See Black v. Wills, 758 S.W .2d 809, 818 (Tex.
App.—Dallas 1988, no writ) (discussing what constitutes “newly discovered
evidence”). McClure did not seek judicial review of this determination. See
T EX. L AB. C ODE § 410.302(b) (Vernon 2006) (limiting judicial review to issues
specifically set forth in pleadings).

4
 On September 3, 2004, McClure filed a petition for judicial review in the

trial court.7 Amerisure moved for no evidence summary judgment asserting

there was no evidence that McClure’s conditions were caused by the

compensable injury and that McClure had exhausted the advance on medical

expenses reasonable and necessary as a result of the compensable injury.8

McClure responded attaching her affidavit and the affidavits of three expert

witnesses, Farrel Endsley, D.O., David Fair and Frank Minirth, M.D. Amerisure

filed objections to the affidavits stating that the affidavits were conclusory,

based on hearsay, and offered without proper predicate.9

7
… See T EX. L AB. C ODE A NN. §§ 410.301–308 (Vernon 2006) (providing
for judicial review of appeals panel decisions).
8
… Amerisure also asserted that McClure was precluded from introducing
any evidence in the trial court to support her extent of the injury and exhaustion
of the advance claims that she had not disclosed to Amerisure prior to the
administrative hearing. See T EX. L AB. C ODE A NN. § 410.161 (“A party who fails
to disclose information known to the party or documents that are in the party’s
possession, custody, or control at the time disclosure is required [by the
worker’s compensation commission] may not introduce the evidence at any
subsequent proceeding before the division or in court on the claim unless good
cause is shown for not having disclosed the information or documents[.]”). As
previously noted, see supra n. 6, McClure did not seek judicial review of the
appeals panels’ decision not to consider new evidence and, accordingly, it was
not before the trial court. See T EX. L AB. C ODE A NN. § 410.302(b).
9
… Amerisure also objected to McClure’s expert designations as untimely.

5
 On December 29, 2006, the trial court entered a final order sustaining the

objections to McClure’s, Endsley’s, Fair’s, and Minirth’s affidavits, and granting

Amerisure’s motion for summary judgment.

On appeal, McClure contends that the trial court abused its discretion in

sustaining objections to her summary judgment evidence and in granting

Amerisure’s no evidence motion for summary judgment because there was

evidence to create a genuine issue of material fact on extent of the injury and

exhaustion of the advance.

A party moving for no evidence summary judgment asserts that there is

no evidence of one or more essential elements of the claims upon which the

opposing party would have the burden of proof at trial. 10 A no evidence

summary judgment is essentially a pretrial directed verdict, to which the

appellate courts apply a legal sufficiency standard of review. 11 In response to

a no evidence motion, the non-movant is only required to present evidence that

raises a genuine issue of fact on the challenged elements of the claims.12 A no

evidence motion is properly granted only if the non-movant fails to bring forth

more than a scintilla of probative evidence to raise a genuine issue of material

10
… See T EX. R. C IV. P. 166a(i).
11
… AMS Constr. Co., Inc. v. Warm Springs Rehab. Found., Inc., 94
S.W.3d 152, 159 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2002, no pet.).
12
… Id.

6
fact as to the challenged elements.13 We review the trial court’s decision on

the admissibility of evidence in a summary judgment proceeding under an abuse

of discretion standard. 14

To raise an issue of genuine material fact on her extent of the injury

claim, McClure offered the affidavits of Endsley, Fair and Minirth to establish

that her conditions were related to and caused by the compensable injury.

Amerisure objected to Endley’s, Fair’s and Minirth’s affidavits as, among other

things, being conclusory. The trial court sustained the objection. We agree

that the expert opinions offered in the affidavits on the issue of causation are

conclusory.

In their respective affidavits, Endsley, Fair and Minirth identify their

educational and professional background and the treatment provided to

McClure. On the issue of causation, they testified as follows:

Endlsey: In my opinion, in all reasonable medical probability, the
automobile accident on September 14, 1994 was
related to and a producing cause of Ms. McClure’s
depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder, and
migraine headaches.

13
… T EX. R. C IV. P. 166a(i).
14
… Martin v. Estates of Russell Creek Homeowners Ass’n, Inc., 251
S.W.3d 899, 902 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.); Harris v. Showcase
Chevrolet, 231 S.W.3d 559, 561 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, no pet.); Baker v.
Gregg County, 33 S.W.3d 72, 78 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2000, pet. dism’d).

7
 Fair: In my opinion, in all reasonable probability, the
automobile accident on September 14, 1994 was
related to and a producing cause of Ms. McClure’s
depression, anxiety, and post traumatic stress
disorder[.]

Minirth: In my opinion, in all reasonable medical probability, the
automobile accident on September 14, 1994 was a
producing cause of [McClure’s] symptoms of
depression and anxiety.

Affidavits supporting and opposing a motion for summary judgment must

set forth facts, not legal conclusions. 15 A conclusory statement is one that

does not provide the underlying facts to support the conclusion,16 and it is

insufficient to create a question of material fact to defeat summary judgment. 17

To constitute competent summary judgment evidence, the testimony must

provide an explanation linking the basis of the conclusion to the facts.18

15
… AMS Constr. Co., 94 S.W.3d at 157; see Mercer v. Daoran Corp.,
676 S.W.2d 580, 583 (Tex. 1984).
16
… AMS Constr., 94 S.W.3d at 157.
17
… IHS Cedars Treatment Ctr. of Desoto, Tex., Inc. v. Mason, 143
S.W.3d 794, 803 (Tex. 2004); McIntyre v. Ramirez, 109 S.W.3d 741, 749–50
(Tex. 2003).
18
… Windsor v. Maxwell, 121 S.W.3d 42, 49 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
2003, pet. denied); see IHS Cedars, 143 S.W.3d at 803 (finding affidavit
conclusory because it lacked explanation as to how the conduct was cause in
fact of the injuries); Earle v. Ratliff, 998 S.W.2d 882, 890 (Tex. 1999) (stating
that expert must link conclusions to facts).

8
 Endsley’s, Fair’s and Minirth’s affidavits fail to provide any underlying

facts or medical opinions linking McClure’s conditions to her compensable injury

or the cause of her compensable injury. Their opinions that her conditions were

caused by the September 14, 1994 accident are conclusory and, therefore,

insufficient to create a question of fact on causation.19 Consequently, the trial

court did not abuse its discretion in striking the affidavits from the summary

judgment evidence. 20

Because Amerisure’s conclusory objections to the affidavits were properly

sustained, there is no evidence in the summary judgment record to defeat

Amerisure’s no evidence motion for summary judgment. We overrule both of

McClure’s issues 21 and affirm the trial court’s judgment.

PER CURIAM

19
… See IHS Cedars, 143 S.W.3d at 803; Earle, 998 S.W.3d at 890;
Windsor, 121 S.W.3d at 49.
20
… Amerisure also objected to the affidavits on the grounds that they
were based on hearsay and offered without proper predicate. However,
because we conclude that the affidavits are conclusory, we need not address
the remaining grounds for Amerisure’s objection. See T EX. R. A PP. P. 47.1.
21
… Amerisure also moved for no evidence summary judgment on the
basis that there was no evidence that McClure had exhausted the advance on
medical expenses reasonable and necessary as a result of the compensable
injury. Because we have held that there is no evidence that McClure’s
conditions were related to and caused by the compensable injury, however, we
need not reach this question. See T EX. R. A PP. P. 47.1.

9
PANEL: CAYCE, C.J.; DAUPHINOT and GARDNER, JJ.

DELIVERED: August 14, 2008

10