COURT OF APPEALS
SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH
NO. 2-08-315-CV
TODD SWETT APPELLANT
V.
AT SIGN, INC., GLENN GIBSON, APPELLEES
INDIVIDUALLY, AND DAVID ERICKSON,
INDIVIDUALLY
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FROM THE 236TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY
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MEMORANDUM OPINION 1
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Appellant Todd Swett appeals from multiple summary judgments granted
in favor of Appellees At Sign, Inc., Glenn Gibson, and David Erickson. We
affirm.
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… See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
Background
Appellant sued Appellees in 2004 for breach of implied contract, quantum
meruit, breach of fiduciary duty, and shareholder oppression.2 Appellees filed
a general denial, affirmative defenses, and a counterclaim for conversion. On
July 5, 2007, Appellees filed a traditional motion for partial summary judgment
on their affirmative defenses and a no-evidence motion on Appellant’s causes
of action. Appellant filed a response to the traditional motion; the response
was not supported by evidence. It appears from the partial record before us
that he did not file a response to the no-evidence motion. The trial court
granted the no-evidence motion on July 27, 2007, stating in its order that
“[Appellant] could not meet the burden to over come [sic] Summary Judgment
on the issues contained in [Appellant’s] Amended Petition.” But on September
24, the trial court granted Appellant’s motion for new trial; the reason why
does not appear in the record.
On November 16, 2007, Appellees filed another traditional motion for
partial summary judgment on their affirmative defenses and another no-
evidence motion on Appellant’s causes of action.
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… The earliest document in the partial clerk’s record filed in this court is
Appellees’ amended answer and affirmative defenses, filed June 22, 2007.
2
On December 6, 2007, Appellant filed a motion for leave to file his own
motion for summary judgment and a response to Appellees’ motions.
Appellant’s counsel stated that on October 1, 2007, he had faxed a proposed
scheduling agreement to Appellees’ counsel. The proposed agreement recited
November 16 as the deadline for filing summary judgment motions and
December 7 as the hearing date for all summary judgment motions. Appellant’s
counsel averred that he did not receive a reply from Appellees’ counsel until
November 27, when Appellees’ counsel faxed a signed copy of the proposed
agreement back to Appellant’s counsel. Appellant’s counsel further stated that
he received a letter from Appellees’ counsel on December 3 notifying him that
the trial court would hear the summary judgment motions on December 7 (the
letter does not appear in the clerk’s record).
The record does not contain an order disposing of Appellant’s motion for
leave to file a late response, but on December 7, the trial court granted both of
Appellees’ motions for summary judgment. Appellant filed a motion for new
trial, asserting the same arguments he had made in his motion for leave; the
trial court denied the motion.
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Appellees and Appellant then filed cross-motions for summary judgment
on Appellees’ counterclaims. The trial court granted Appellees’ motion, and
after filing additional motions for new trial and for reconsideration, Appellant
filed this appeal.
Discussion
In two issues, Appellant argues that the trial court erred (1) by denying
his motion for leave to file a response to Appellees’ motions for summary
judgment and by granting those motions for summary judgment and (2) by
granting Appellees’ motion for summary judgment on their counterclaims.
1. Motion for leave to file late summary judgment response
In a single paragraph comprising two sentences, Appellant argues that the
trial court erred by denying his motion for leave to file a late summary judgment
response because the standard for such motions articulated by the supreme
court in Carpenter v. Cimarron Hydrocarbons does not apply to this case; and
that even if the Carpenter standard does apply, Appellant’s motion satisfied
both parts of the standard. See Carpenter v. Cimarron Hydrocarbons Corp., 98
S.W.3d 682, 688 (Tex. 2002).
In Carpenter, the supreme court held that a trial court should allow a
summary judgment nonmovant to file a late summary judgment response when
the nonmovant establishes good cause for failing to timely respond by showing
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that (1) the failure to respond was not intentional or the result of conscious
indifference, but the result of accident or mistake, and (2) allowing the late
response will occasion no undue delay or otherwise injure the party seeking
summary judgment. Id.
Appellant argues that Carpenter does not apply because “a substantial
reason” for his failure to file a response was Appellees’ failure to provide him
with a signed copy of the proposed agreed scheduling order. But Appellant
wholly fails to explain why the Carpenter standard does not apply in this
circumstance, offers no alternative standard by which to assess the denial of
his motion for leave, cites no case other than Carpenter, and does not explain
how—assuming Carpenter does apply—the evidence attached to his motion for
leave established the Carpenter factors.
To the extent that Appellant argues that some standard other than
Carpenter applies, we hold that Appellant waived this argument by failing to
adequately brief it. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(h) (providing that a brief must
contain appropriate citations to authorities); Hall v. Stephenson, 919 S.W.2d
454, 467 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1996, writ denied); see also Fredonia State
Bank v. Gen. Am. Life Ins. Co., 881 S.W.2d 279, 284–85 (Tex. 1994)
(discussing “long-standing rule” that point may be waived due to inadequate
briefing). We will, therefore, apply the Carpenter standard.
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We focus our attention on the second part of the conjunctive Carpenter
standard, that is, did Appellant establish good cause by showing that allowing
the late response would not cause undue delay or otherwise injure Appellees?
See Carpenter, 98 S.W.3d at 688. The answer is “no.” In support of his
motion, Appellant filed the affidavits of his attorney and the attorney’s
paralegal. Both affidavits discuss the circumstances surrounding the proposed
scheduling agreement. Neither affidavit even mentions the possibility of delay
if the court granted the motion for leave. The motion itself was not sworn, and
it did not discuss delay, either. Thus, Appellant wholly failed to establish that
allowing the late response would not unduly delay or otherwise injure
Appellees. We therefore hold that the trial court did not err by denying
Appellant’s motion for leave to file a late summary judgment response.
2. Summary judgment on Appellant’s claims
We turn now to the trial court’s grant of summary judgment on
Appellant’s claims. The trial court granted Appellees’ no-evidence motion on
Appellant’s causes of action and Appellees’ traditional motion on their
affirmative defenses of limitations and the statute of frauds. Appellant’s brief
discusses only the no-evidence motion.
In order to obtain a reversal of a summary judgment, an appellant must
attack every ground upon which the trial court could have granted judgment.
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Malooly Bros., Inc. v. Napier, 461 S.W.2d 119, 121 (Tex. 1970); Krueger v.
Atascosa County, 155 S.W.3d 614, 621 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2004, no
pet.). When the appealing party does not challenge a ground on which the
movant sought summary judgment in the trial court, settled summary judgment
principles demand that we affirm the trial court’s judgment. Malooly, 461
S.W.2d at 121; Krueger, 155 S.W.3d at 621.
Although Appellant’s issue statement is broad enough to encompass both
the no-evidence motion and the traditional motion, his brief contains no
argument whatsoever on the traditional motion, and Appellant does not show
or even argue that genuine issues of material fact precluded summary judgment
on Appellees’ affirmative defenses. We are, therefore, constrained to affirm the
trial court’s judgment based on the unchallenged traditional summary judgment
on Appellees’ affirmative defenses, and we overrule Appellant’s first issue. See
Malooly, 461 S.W.2d at 121; Krueger, 155 S.W.3d at 621.
3. Summary judgment on Appellees’ counterclaims
In his second issue, Appellant argues that the trial court erred by granting
summary judgment in favor of Appellees on their conversion counterclaim.
Appellees alleged that Appellant had wrongfully converted unidentified
“property and assets” that belonged to Appellants and had refused to return the
property when demanded to do so.
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A counterplaintiff is entitled to summary judgment on a cause of action
if it conclusively proves all essential elements of the claim. See Tex. R. Civ. P.
166a(a), (c); MMP, Ltd. v. Jones, 710 S.W.2d 59, 60 (Tex. 1986). When
reviewing a summary judgment, we take as true all evidence favorable to the
nonmovant, and we indulge every reasonable inference and resolve any doubts
in the nonmovant’s favor. IHS Cedars Treatment Ctr. of DeSoto, Tex., Inc. v.
Mason, 143 S.W.3d 794, 798 (Tex. 2004).
Appellant challenges the summary judgment on Appellees’ counterclaims
on four grounds. First, he argues that Appellees’ pleadings were vague and
ambiguous because “no intelligible cause of action could be deduced” from
them. Appellant did not specially except to Appellees’ pleading before the trial
court granted summary judgment. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 91. Defects in pleadings
are waived unless specifically pointed out by exception in writing and brought
to the attention of the judge before the judgment is signed in a nonjury case.
Tex. R. Civ. P. 90. Because Appellant failed to specially except to Appellees’
pleadings, he waived his complaints about them. See Estate of Stonecipher v.
Estate of Butts, 686 S.W.2d 101, 103 (Tex. 1985).
Next, Appellant argues that Appellees are not entitled to summary
judgment because they produced no evidence that they had demanded the
return of the allegedly converted property. Appellant cites no authority in this
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section of his brief; thus, he has waived this argument. See Tex. R. App. P.
38.1(h).
In the third part of his argument, Appellant contends that Appellees are
not entitled to summary judgment because their pleadings failed to identify the
specific property converted, did not show that Appellant attempted to deprive
Appellees of ownership without their permission, and did not show that they
had suffered any damages. In the fourth part, he argues that they failed to
present any evidence of damages. Once again, Appellant’s brief contains no
citations to authority to support his argument; thus, he has waived these
arguments, too. See id. We overrule Appellant’s second issue.
Conclusion
Having overruled both of Appellant’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
PER CURIAM
PANEL: GARDNER, LIVINGSTON, and DAUPHINOT, JJ.
DELIVERED: May 21, 2009
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