COURT OF APPEALS
SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH
NO. 2-08-208-CR
ALLEN FITZGERALD CALTON APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS STATE
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FROM THE 213TH DISTRICT COURT OF TARRANT COUNTY
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MEMORANDUM OPINION 1
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Appellant Allen Fitzgerald Calton appeals the trial court’s denial of his
motion for DNA testing. Because the trial court did not err by denying his
request for DNA testing, we affirm the trial court’s order.
Appellant was convicted of attempted murder. He appealed his
1
… See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
conviction, and this court affirmed the conviction.2 Appellant also filed seven
applications for writ of habeas corpus in the trial court, and the Texas Court of
Criminal Appeals cited the final application for abuse of the writ. 3 Appellant
also filed an application for writ of habeas corpus in federal court; it was denied
on December 1, 2008.4
Subsequently, Appellant filed his motion for DNA testing. The State filed
its response and proposed findings, and the trial court adopted the State’s
proposed findings. Appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion by
considering his tacit admission of guilt in denying his motion for DNA testing.
The State argues that the trial court’s consideration of the fact that Appellant
has never alleged that he did not commit the offense was proper because the
statute requires that Appellant prove that identity was or is at issue to be
entitled to DNA testing.5 The State also argues that Appellant’s motion for
2
… Calton v. State, No. 02-04-00228-CR, 2005 WL 3082202 (Tex.
App.—Fort Worth Nov. 17, 2005, pet. withdrawn) (mem. op., not designated
for publication).
3
… Ex parte Calton, No. WR-65590-13, 2008 WL 2223894, at *1 (Tex.
Crim. App. May 28, 2008, order) (not designated for publication).
4
… Calton v. Quarterman, No. 4: 07-CV-471-Y, 2008 WL 5083022, at
*15 (N.D. Tex. December 1, 2008) (not designated for publication).
5
… See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 64.03(a)(1)(B) (Vernon Supp.
2008).
2
DNA testing was properly denied because Appellant’s motion failed to meet the
requirement of chapter 64 in that Appellant failed to prove that identity was at
issue,6 that newer DNA testing techniques exist that would provide more
accurate and probative results,7 and that he would not have been convicted had
exculpatory DNA results been obtained.8
In denying Appellant’s request for DNA testing, the trial court adopted the
State’s proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law:
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. [Appellant] was convicted by a jury of the second degree
felony offense of attempted murder on May 19, 2004.
2. The jury found the habitual offender allegations true and
assessed punishment at confinement for life in the Texas
Department of Criminal Justice — Institutional Division.
3. The jury also made an affirmative weapon finding.
4. The Second Court of Appeals affirmed [Appellant’s]
conviction.
5. The Second Court of Appeals summarized the facts of this
offense as follows:
On the night of April 23, 2002, [Appellant] drove
to Everett Angle’s home to speak with him.
6
… See id.
7
… See id. art. 64.01(b)(2).
8
… See id. art. 64.03(a)(2)(A).
3
When [Appellant] pulled up to Angle’s house,
Craig Tate[,] who was working outside, went
inside and told Angle that [Appellant] was
outside waiting for him. Angle walked outside to
[Appellant’s] car and had what appeared to be a
friendly discussion with [Appellant]. During their
conversation, Angle looked back at Tate and
asked him to put away the lawn mowers. At
that time, [Appellant] got out of his car,
approached Angle, and shot him in the face.
When Angle fell to the ground, [Appellant] stood
over him and shot him again. The second shot
glanced off Angle's skull. [Appellant] fired at
Angle’s head a third time and then got back into
his car and drove away.
Later that night, [Appellant] engaged in a
lengthy high-speed chase with police officers.
The chase culminated with [Appellant] driving his
car into White Rock Lake. He was charged with
the attempted murder of Angle. [Appellant]
represented himself at trial and a jury found him
guilty of attempted murder and sentenced him to
life in prison.
6. [Appellant] has not requested appointment of counsel.
7. [Appellant] represented himself at trial.
8. It is reasonable to conclude that [Appellant] does not want to
be appointed counsel on this motion.
9. The State confirms that evidence exists that might contain
biological material.
10. This evidence includes a cutting from a front seat, a slipper,
and blood samples from both [Appellant] and the
[complainant].
4
11. DNA testing was done in 2002 and 2004 but produced no
results due to an insufficient amount of genetic information.
12. [Appellant] presents no evidence or documentation to
support his claim that Orchid Cellmark “has a more advanced
testing procedure in place that will in all probability yield
conclusive results with the minuscule amount of all available
evidence.”
13. [Appellant] has failed to prove that there exists a reasonable
likelihood that Orchid Cellmark’s testing techniques would
produce results based on the minuscule amout of DNA that
previously was insufficient.
14. [Appellant] does not allege that he did not commit the
offense.
15. At trial, the defense was that [Appellant] was hypoglycemic
and therefore failed to have the “requisite mental state mens
rea necessary” to intentionally commit the offense.
16. [Appellant’s] defense was not that he was not involved in the
offense.
17. [Appellant] argued that he may have done it in “self-
defense.”
18. [Appellant] makes no claim in his Motion for DNA Testing, or
in his attached Declaration that (1) he did not commit the
offense, (2) the DNA testing would prove that he did not
commit the offense, or (3) that DNA testing would prove his
innocence.
19. The evidence in the State’s possession includ[es] a slipper
taken from the crime scene and cuttings from [Appellant’s]
car.
20. [Appellant] does not allege, nor does he present any
evidence, that the perpetrator’s DNA would have been found
5
on the slipper at the crime scene.
21. [Appellant] does not allege that DNA testing would produce
exculpatory results.
22. [Appellant] does not allege that DNA testing would prove his
innocence.
23. [Appellant] has failed to prove by a preponderance of the
evidence that the lack of [his] DNA on the slipper would
prove his innocence.
24. [Appellant] has failed to prove by a preponderance of the
evidence the presence of someone else’s DNA on the slipper
would prove his innocence.
25. [Appellant] has failed to prove by a preponderance of the
evidence that the lack of [his] DNA in [his] vehicle would
prove his innocence.
26. [Appellant] has failed to prove by a preponderance of the
evidence that . . . the presence or lack of the [complainant’s]
DNA in [Appellant’s] car would prove his innocence.
27. [Appellant] has failed to prove by a preponderance of the
evidence that the presence of someone else’s DNA in
[Appellant’s] car[] would prove [Appellant’s] innocence.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. The Court of Criminal Appeals has held that appointment of
counsel is required if requested and the court finds
reasonable grounds for a motion for DNA testing to be filed
and that defendant is indigent.
2. [Appellant] has not requested appointment of counsel.
3. (a) A convicting court may order forensic DNA testing under
6
this chapter only if:
(1) []the court finds that:
(A) . . .
(B) identity was or is an issue in the case.
4. [Appellant] has failed to allege that identity is or was an issue
in this case.
5. The trial court may order DNA testing if it finds, among other
things, that the convicted person establishes by a
preponderance of the evidence that he would not have been
convicted if exculpatory results had been obtained through
DNA testing.
6. The defendant must show that the absence of DNA evidence
would prove his innocence and not merely “muddy the
waters.”
7. In order to be entitled to DNA testing, a defendant must
show “there is a 51% chance that” he would not have been
convicted.
8. The slipper and clippings from the car have already been
tested and there were no results due to insufficient genetic
information.
9. To be considered for DNA re-testing, a defendant must
demonstrate that items previously subjected to DNA testing
can now be subjected to “newer testing techniques that
provide a reasonable likelihood of results that are more
accurate and probative than the results of the previous test.”
10. [Appellant] has not demonstrated that newer testing
techniques would provide more accurate and probative
results than the previous test.
11. Absence of [Appellant’s] DNA on the slipper would not prove
[his] innocence.
7
12. Absence of [Appellant’s] DNA on the cuttings taken from his
car would not prove [his] innocence.
13. Absence of [Appellant’s] DNA evidence would merely
“muddy the waters.”
14. Absence of [Appellant’s] DNA evidence would not prove [his]
innocence.
15. [Appellant] has failed to show that “there is a 51% chance
that” he would not have been convicted.
16. [Appellant] is unable to prove by a preponderance of the
evidence that he would not have been convicted had
exculpatory results been obtained through additional DNA
testing.
17. This Court DENIES [Appellant’s] motion for DNA testing.
[Citations omitted.]
A trial court’s decision to deny a motion for postconviction DNA testing
is reviewed under a bifurcated standard of review.9 We afford almost total
deference to the trial court’s determination of historical facts and the
application of law to those fact issues that turn on credibility and demeanor.10
We review de novo the ultimate question of whether the trial court was
required to grant a motion for DNA testing under chapter 64 of the Texas Code
9
… Rivera v. State, 89 S.W.3d 55, 59 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002).
10
… Id.
8
of Criminal Procedure.11
The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals stated in Bell v. State that “[t]his
Court’s recent review of the legislative history of Chapter 64 indicates that the
legislature intended to require that a convicted person demonstrate to the trial
court that a reasonable probability exists that DNA tests would prove his or her
innocence.” 12 The court further stated that “a court must order testing only if
the statutory preconditions are met.” 13
A trial court must order DNA testing if (1) the trial court finds that the
evidence still exists and is in a condition to make DNA testing possible, that it
has been subjected to a chain of custody sufficient to establish that it has not
been substituted, tampered with, replaced, or altered in any material respect,
and that identity was or is an issue in the case; and (2) the convicted person
establishes beyond a preponderance of the evidence that he would not have
been convicted if exculpatory results had been obtained through DNA testing
and that the request for the proposed DNA testing is not made to unreasonably
delay execution of sentence or administration of justice.14
11
… See id.
12
… 90 S.W.3d 301, 306 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002).
13
… Id.
14
… Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 64.03(a)–(c).
9
Here, the evidence does exist and is in a condition to make DNA testing
possible. The evidence has been adequately protected. There is no showing,
however, that identity was or is an issue in this case. Additionally, while
testing occurred of evidence found in the front seat of Appellant’s car, there is
no showing that any other person committed the offense and was in the car
where the material subjected to DNA testing was found. Consequently, there
is also no evidence that Appellant would not have been convicted if the DNA
testing had connected the DNA sample to another person. We therefore hold
that Appellant has failed to sustain his burden and that the trial court was not
required to order further DNA testing. We overrule Appellant’s sole point and
affirm the trial court’s judgment.
PER CURIAM
PANEL: DAUPHINOT, GARDNER, and MCCOY, JJ.
DO NOT PUBLISH
Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)
DELIVERED: April 9, 2009
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Allen Fitzgerald Calton v. State
Combined Opinion