AT AUSTIN
NO. 3-90-128-CR
GABRIEL GONZALES,
APPELLANT
vs.THE STATE OF TEXAS,
APPELLEE
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 147TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. 98,934, HONORABLE MACE B. THURMAN, JR., JUDGE PRESIDING
Gabriel Gonzales ("appellant") appeals his conviction for aggravated sexual assault, Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 22.021 (1989), a charge to which he pled not guilty. He brings forward two points of error: (1) that the evidence adduced at trial was legally insufficient to support his conviction, and (2) that his trial counsel provided ineffective legal representation. We affirm the conviction.
BACKGROUNDOn the night of September 8, 1989, two men sexually assaulted Sandra Gonzalez (no relation to Gabriel Gonzales). Ms. Gonzalez testified that as she walked along a street enroute to a friend's house, two men in a car asked her if she wanted a ride. Initially, she declined their offer, but unfortunately she changed her mind and accepted the ride. The testimony at trial was that one of these men identified himself as Martin Rebolloso and introduced the driver of the car as his cousin, Gabriel.
Although the men offered to take Ms. Gonzalez to her friend's house, they did not. Instead, Gabriel drove to Manor and then on to an unidentified rural backroad. Enroute to this location, Rebolloso sexually assaulted the victim. While struggling to prevent the assault, Ms. Gonzalez heard the appellant direct Rebolloso to "shoot or kill her." Once they arrived at the rural location, appellant also sexually assaulted Ms. Gonzalez. Next, the two men decided to return to Austin with the victim. On the way back, Rebolloso again sexually assaulted her.
Back in Austin, appellant stopped at an undisclosed location and left to look for some of his friends. Rebolloso and the victim got out of the car and began walking along a road. Soon afterwards, a passerby stopped and offered them a ride. When the victim complained of her pain, the passerby drove them to a local hospital.
The victim informed the hospital staff that she had been raped. They notified the authorities who immediately arrested Rebolloso at the hospital. The police interviewed the victim and the suspect later that morning and both provided them with appellant's first name. That same day, after Ms. Gonzalez positively identified him in a photographic lineup as one of her attackers, appellant was arrested.
Upon trial to a jury, appellant was convicted of aggravated sexual assault and received a sentence of forty-five years. He complains that the victim's inability to make a positive in-court identification renders the evidence legally insufficient to support his conviction. In addition, appellant claims that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel by virtue of his trial counsel's failure to object to particular testimony. We examine each of the two contentions.
SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE
Appellant has challenged the legal sufficiency of the evidence supporting his conviction. In reviewing his claim, we are obliged to look at all the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict. Marroquin v. State, 746 S.W.2d 747, 750 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988); Houston v. State, 663 S.W.2d 455, 456 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984). The pertinent question is whether any rational trier of facts could have found beyond a reasonable doubt all of the essential elements of the crime. Id.
The element at issue is the identity of the appellant as the perpetrator of the offense charged. Appellant correctly notes that the victim did not identify him in the courtroom. However, the record contains other proof that appellant committed the offense.
The testimony at trial indicates that appellant was identified in a number of ways. The victim and Rebolloso both told police that the appellant's name was "Gabriel." More importantly, the victim identified appellant as her assailant at a photographic line-up one day after the assault. The identification of an accused can be made through the use of photographs. Spencer v. State, 465 S.W.2d 370, 371 (Tex. Crim. App. 1971). Thus, legally sufficient evidence establishing appellant as one of Sandra's assailants was presented during the trial. We conclude, viewing this evidence in a light most favorable to the jury's verdict, that a rational trier-of-fact could have found beyond a reasonable doubt all of the essential elements of the offense. Appellant's first point of error is overruled.
INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSELAppellant next complains of ineffective assistance of counsel rendered during the course of his trial. He argues that the State bolstered the victim's unimpeached testimony and that his own trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to that bolstering.
Immediately following the victim's failure to make an in-court identification, the State recalled police Sergeant Donovan who had conducted the photographic line-up at which Ms. Gonzalez had identified appellant. Donovan testified that he himself had pulled appellant's photograph from the police records and that he could identify the particular photograph as appellant. Donovan went on to testify that the person depicted in the photograph was the appellant who was present in the courtroom.
Appellant argues that Donovan's testimony constituted impermissible bolstering of the victim's previous testimony. (1) We believe this argument to be without merit. "Bolstering" occurs when one item of evidence is improperly used by a party to add credence or weight to some earlier unimpeached piece of evidence offered by the same party. Guerra v. State, 771 S.W.2d 453, 474 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978); Pless v. State, 576 S.W.2d 83, 84 (Tex. Crim. App. 1979). We detect no bolstering in Donovan's testimony.
Ms. Gonzalez testified that she positively identified appellant as one of her assailants by using photographs. Donovan testified simply that he had procured a photograph of appellant from police department records and that he recognized Gabriel Gonzales from the photograph. He did not testify to the fact that the victim had identified appellant's photograph. The attempt to portray his testimony as bolstering that of the victim's must fail because he did not refer to her photographic identification of appellant. Compare Reed v. State, 751 S.W.2d 607, 613-14 (Tex. App. 1988, no pet.); Sanders v. State, 688 S.W.2d 676, 679 (Tex. App. 1985, pet. ref'd); with Jackson v. State, 507 S.W.2d 231 (Tex. Crim. App. 1974) (in which a policeman's testimony as to the prosecution witnesses' pretrial photo identifications constituted impermissible bolstering). It follows that a claim of ineffective trial counsel predicated upon the bolstering allegation must likewise fail.
Further, even isolated instances of error on the part of trial counsel will not support a claim of ineffective counsel. Archie v. State, 615 S.W.2d 762, 765 (Tex. Crim. App. 1981). Appellant clearly has not met the two-pronged test of Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 688 (1984), for demonstrating ineffective assistance of counsel; see also Hernandez v. State, 726 S.W.2d 53, 57 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988) (in which the Strickland test was adopted in Texas). Gonzales' second point of error is overruled.
CONCLUSIONHaving examined both of Gonzales' allegations of error and having found neither to be meritorious, the court hereby affirms the conviction.
Bea Ann Smith, Justice
[Before Justices Jones, B. A. Smith and Onion*]
Affirmed
Filed: October 23, 1991
[Do Not Publish]
* Before John F. Onion, Jr., Presiding Judge (retired), Court of Criminal Appeals, sitting by assignment. See Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 74.003 (1988).
1. Appellant does not set out in his brief the particular testimony which he claims is being bolstered. Presumably, he believes that Ms. Gonzalez' testimony as to the photographic line-up identification has been bolstered.