AT AUSTIN
NO. 3-92-289-CV
TOM DUEMLER AND CLINT TATUM,
APPELLANTS
vs.
PHOENIX INTERNATIONAL MARKETING CORPORATION DBA PHOENIX INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION,
APPELLEE
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 353RD JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. 91-12449, HONORABLE MARY PEARL WILLIAMS, JUDGE PRESIDING
PER CURIAM
Appellants Tom Duemler and Clint Tatum appeal from the judgment of the district court of Travis County awarding appellee Phoenix International Marketing Corporation dba Phoenix International Corporation damages and attorney's fees in the amount of $90,555.25, interest, and costs. We will reverse the judgment.
Phoenix first challenges this Court's jurisdiction over the appeal asserting that appellants filed their cash deposit in lieu of bond untimely. (1) Each appellant timely filed an affidavit of inability to give cost bond on May 13, 1992. Tex. R. App. P. 40(a)(3), 41(a)(1). Within the required time, the court reporter filed a contest to the affidavits. Tex. R. App. P. 40(a)(3)(C). On May 20th, the trial court signed an order setting a hearing on the contest for May 26th. Tex. R. App. P. 40(a)(3)(E).
At that hearing, the trial court apparently sustained the contest to appellants' affidavits. On June 5th, the tenth day after the hearing, appellants made a cash deposit in lieu of bond with the district clerk of Travis County, pursuant to the extension provision of Tex. R. App. P. 41(a)(2). The rule provides, however, that the time for perfecting an appeal is not extended if the trial court finds that the affidavit is not filed in good faith. Tex. R. App. P. 41(a)(2). Because the trial-court order states that appellants did not file their affidavits in good faith, Phoenix argues that they were not entitled to the ten-day extension and must have made a cash deposit no later than May 13th.
The trial court, however, did not sign a written order sustaining the contest until June 18th, more than ten days after the court reporter filed her contest to appellants' affidavit. Texas R. App. P. 40(a)(3)(E) requires a trial court to rule on a contest to an affidavit of inability to pay the costs of appeal within ten days after its filing or within the period of time as extended by a timely, written order of the court. The record before this Court contains only an order setting the hearing for May 26th. The trial court had no authority to sign the order on June 18th.
Accordingly, the court had become bound to accept the allegations of the affidavit as true. Tex. R. App. P. 40(a)(3)(E); Ramirez v. Packer, 807 S.W.2d 728, 729 (Tex. 1991, orig. proceeding). The trial court's oral ruling at the May 26th hearing was insufficient to satisfy the requirements. Only a signed, written order is effective. Modern Living, Inc. v. Alworth, 730 S.W.2d 444, 446 (Tex. App.--Beaumont 1987, orig. proceeding); Shaffer v. U.S. Cos., Inc., 704 S.W.2d 411, 412 (Tex. App.--Dallas 1985, no writ). Appellants had no need to make the cash deposit and timely perfected their appeal. See Maniccia v. Johnson & Gibbs, P.C., 844 S.W.2d 296, 298 (Tex. App.--Austin 1992, no writ); Shaffer, 704 S.W.2d at 413.
In the underlying cause, Phoenix brought a suit on a sworn account to recover amounts allegedly due for products furnished appellants and punitive damages for appellants' fraud in the transactions. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 185. Appellants answered with an unverified denial. See Id.; Tex. R. Civ. P. 93(10). Phoenix then filed a motion for summary judgment asserting generally that no genuine issue of material fact existed and that it had established its claims as a matter of law. See Hidalgo v. Surety Sav. & Loan Ass'n, 462 S.W.2d 540, 543 n.1 (Tex. 1971) (trial court may properly grant summary judgment on petitioner's sworn pleading if defendant does not file verified denial).
Appellants responded to the motion and filed first and second amended answers that were verified. See Rizk v. Financial Guardian Ins. Agency, Inc., 584 S.W.2d 860, 863 (Tex. 1979) (if defendant files verified denial, petitioner must file competent summary-judgment evidence to establish the validity of the claim as a matter of law). After hearings on November 14 and December 12, 1991, the trial court determined that no issue of material fact existed as to Duemler and that the sole issue remaining was Tatum's liability on the "Phoenix International Corporation Phoenix Center (PHC) Application and Agreement." On February 13, 1992, the trial court rendered a partial summary judgment awarding Phoenix recovery from Duemler.
Between the filing of its motion for summary judgment and the order of partial summary judgment, Phoenix filed a motion for sanctions pursuant to Tex. R. Civ. P. 215. The company had previously served requests for admissions, requests for production of documents, and interrogatories on appellants. By its motion, Phoenix asserted that, as of January 27, 1992, neither appellant had responded or objected to the requests for production of documents, and that Tatum had answered certain interrogatories and requests for admissions insufficiently. Phoenix requested the trial court to strike appellants' pleadings. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 215(2)(b)(5).
On February 13, 1992, (2) the trial court rendered its order of sanctions ordering that certain requests for admissions be deemed admitted and that appellants' pleadings be stricken. The court then rendered judgment that Phoenix recover the amount of $90,555.25, plus interest and costs from Duemler and Tatum, jointly and severally. Appellants filed a motion for new trial that was overruled by operation of law. Tex. R. Civ. P. 329b(c).
In their second point of error, appellants contend that the trial court erred in imposing the harshest sanctions of deeming requests for admissions admitted and striking their pleadings. We regard the point of error as a complaint that the trial court abused its discretion in imposing these particular sanctions.
The choice of sanctions is a matter within the trial court's sound discretion; whatever sanctions a court imposes must be just under the circumstances. Transamerican Natural Gas Corp., 811 S.W.2d 913, 917 (Tex. 1991); Ramirez v. Otis Elevator Co., 837 S.W.2d 405, 410 (Tex. App.--Dallas 1992, writ denied). Two factors set the boundaries of discretion for sanctions to be just: (1) a direct relationship must exist between the offensive conduct and the sanction imposed and (2) the sanction imposed must not be excessive. Chrysler Corp. v. Blackmon, 841 S.W.2d 844, 849 (Tex. 1992); Transamerican, 811 S.W.2d at 817. A sanction that, by its severity, prevents a decision on the merits of a case is not justified "absent a party's bad faith or counsel's callous disregard for the responsibilities of discovery under the rules." Transamerican, 811 S.W.2d at 918; see Chrysler Corp., 841 S.W.2d at 849.
Phoenix requested appellants to produce documents on November 15, 1991. When they did not, Phoenix filed a motion for sanctions on January 28, 1992, and set a hearing for February 13, 1992. Neither appellants nor their attorney appeared at this hearing. In determining whether the trial court abused its discretion, we will consider the evidence presented at the hearing on appellants' motion for new trial. See Wetherholt v. Mercado Mexico Cafe, Inc., 844 S.W.2d 806 (Tex. App.--Eastland 1992, no writ).
That evidence shows that appellants' attorney spoke with counsel for Phoenix about the production of documents on December 11, 1991, after the November due date. Appellants' attorney appeared at the hearing on the motion for summary judgment and, in February 1992, learned that the trial court had rendered judgment against his clients. The attorney is a sole practitioner with an office at one location and is of counsel to a law firm with an office at a second location. Appellants retained the attorney through the law firm; all correspondence regarding their case went to the law firm address. Law firm personnel inadvertently filed correspondence about the motions for sanctions and the notice of setting before the attorney saw it.
Tatum and Duemler each gathered the documents requested, combined the two sets, and delivered the box of documents to the law firm in mid-December, before the deadline their attorney set. Tatum placed the documents on the attorney's desk and asked the receptionist to notify him that the documents were at the office. Duemler also called the attorney to tell him that they had delivered the documents. Law firm staff apparently moved the documents into another office where a legal assistant found them sometime after February 25, 1992.
Based on our review of the record, we conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in determining to strike appellants' pleadings. First, a direct relationship does not exist between the offensive conduct and the sanction imposed. A sanction must be directed against the abuse and toward remedying the prejudice caused the innocent party. Chrysler Corp., 841 S.W.2d at 849; Transamerican, 811 S.W.2d at 917. Phoenix did not refute the evidence that the parties were still discussing production of the documents after the November 15th deadline. Appellants delivered the documents to their attorney as requested. The offensive conduct was not appellants' but was that of the attorney who failed to provide the documents to counsel for Phoenix. See Transamerican, 811 S.W.2d at 917 (party should not be punished for counsel's conduct in which party not implicated apart from trusting legal representation to that attorney).
Furthermore, the record does not show that the delay in production harmed Phoenix. The company, in fact, did not first seek to compel production of the documents and, apparently, continued discussions regarding production after the date a response was due. By striking appellants' pleadings and rendering a default judgment, the trial court adjudicated appellants' claims based solely on the attorney's conduct of discovery.
Under this point of error, appellants also complain that the trial court abused its discretion in deeming certain requests for admissions admitted. (3) In its motion for sanctions, Phoenix asserted that Tatum had improperly answered eighteen requests for admissions that Phoenix had propounded to him. Phoenix had propounded an identical set of requests for admissions to Duemler but did not complain of any of his responses. Nevertheless, the order for sanctions deems admitted the eighteen requests for admissions "previously served on each Defendant." We understand appellants' argument to relate only to the requests for admissions propounded to Tatum.
Texas R. Civ. P. 169(1) expressly provides that a party who has insufficient information to admit or deny a matter, must state "that he has made reasonable inquiry and that the information known or easily obtainable by him is insufficient to enable him to admit or deny." U.S. Fire Ins. Co. v. Maness, 775 S.W.2d 748, 749 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1989, writ ref'd). If an answer does not comply with Rule 169(1), a trial court may deem the matter admitted. Tex. R. Civ. P. 215(4). Tatum stated that he could neither deny nor admit certain of the requests for admissions because they "relate to matters involving the Phoenix Center or TOM DUEMLER, individually[.] Because my involvement in the Phoenix Center was limited to occasional assistance on a volunteer basis, I do not have knowledge of the arrangements between Phoenix Center and [Duemler]."
The above answer clearly does not comply with Rule 169(1); the trial court was within its authority to deem the matters admitted. Tex. R. Civ. P. 215(4)(b); U.S. Fire Ins., 775 S.W.2d at 751; Taylor v. Taylor, 747 S.W.2d 940, 945 (Tex. App.--Amarillo 1988, writ denied). Appellants suggest that the sanction was inappropriate because a "simple amendment to the responses . . . would cure the technical defect complained of." See Tex. R. Civ. P. 215(4)(b) (trial court may require party to serve amended answer).
First, the defect is more than a technical defect. A party may not evade the effects of Rule 169 simply by merely saying he does not have sufficient information. U.S. Fire Ins., 775 S.W.2d at 751; Watson v. Godwin, 425 S.W.2d 424, 427-28 (Tex. Civ. App.--Amarillo 1968, writ ref'd n.r.e.). Secondly, the record contains no evidence that Tatum made any reasonable inquiry into the subject matter of the requests. See U.S. Fire Ins. Co., 775 S.W.2d at 751; Stewart v. Vaughn, 504 S.W.2d 600, 602 (Tex. Civ. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1974, no writ). We conclude, therefore, that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in deeming the requests for admissions propounded to Tatum admitted. We overrule the portion of appellants' second point of error that relates to the requests for admissions and sustain the portion that complains of the trial court striking appellants' pleadings.
In their third point of error, appellants complain that the trial court erred in denying their motion for new trial because their "default" was due to mistake and was not intentional. Because they did not appear at the hearing on the motion for sanctions, appellants request this Court to apply the standard set out in Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, 133 S.W.2d 124, 126 (Tex. 1939), for review of a default judgment. We have reviewed the imposition of sanctions under the applicable standard and overrule the third point of error.
In their first point of error, appellants assert that the trial court erred in granting the partial summary judgment because genuine issues of material fact existed as to all of Phoenix's claims. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c); Nixon v. Mr. Property Management Co., 690 S.W.2d 546, 548 (Tex. 1985). We conclude that this point presents nothing for review because final judgment effectively vacated the partial summary judgment.
The order for sanctions reads, "[I]t is . . . ORDERED that the pleadings of Defendants TOM DUEMLER and CLINT TATUM are hereby stricken and that judgment be granted in favor of Plaintiff based on allegations contained in Plaintiff's Original Petition." The court then rendered judgment in favor of Phoenix and against appellants. The judgment does not refer to or incorporate the partial summary judgment.
Generally, the issues determined on motion for summary judgment are final, although the order is interlocutory. Martin v. First Republic Bank, Ft. Worth, 799 S.W.2d 482, 488 (Tex. App.--Ft. Worth 1990, writ denied). A trial court retains continuing control over interlocutory orders and has the power to set the orders aside before rendition of a final judgment. Fruehauf Corp. v. Carrillo, 36 Tex. Sup. Ct. J. 589, 590 (Feb. 24, 1993); Texas Crushed Stone Co. v. Weeks, 390 S.W.2d 846, 849 (Tex. Civ. App.--Austin 1965, writ ref'd n.r.e.). The rendition of a final judgment inconsistent in its terms with a prior interlocutory order operates to set aside the interlocutory order. Hill v. Robinson, 592 S.W.2d 376, 384 (Tex. Civ. App.--Tyler 1979, writ ref'd n.r.e.); Dickerson v. Mack Fin. Corp., 452 S.W.2d 552, 555-56 (Tex. Civ. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1969, writ ref'd n.r.e.). By striking appellants' pleadings and rendering a default judgment, the trial court effectively set aside the order of partial summary judgment. See Hill, 592 S.W.2d at 384 (final take-nothing judgment in favor of party had effect of setting aside prior interlocutory judgment against party); Dickson & Assocs. v. Brady, 503 S.W.2d 886, 888 (Tex. Civ. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1975, no writ) (order of dismissal that did not carry forward terms of interlocutory summary judgment effectively set aside interlocutory order). Accordingly, we do not address appellants' first point of error.
Based on our disposition of appellants' second point of error, we reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand the cause to the trial court for further proceedings.
[Before Chief Justice Carroll, Justices Aboussie and Jones]
Reversed and Remanded
Filed: May 5, 1993
[Do Not Publish]
1. This Court overruled Phoenix's motion to dismiss the appeal on August 20, 1992. Phoenix again raises its jurisdictional argument in its brief.
2. The trial court issued the order of sanctions and judgment on the same day as the partial summary judgment. The judge who signed the partial summary judgment was not the judge who signed the order of sanctions and judgment.
3. The record before this Court does not include a motion to withdraw or amend the admissions. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 169(2). Appellants did, however, complain of the deemed admissions in their motion for new trial.