TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-94-00254-CV
Anchor Operating Co. and Stable Energy, L.P., Appellants
v.
Kachina Oil & Gas, Inc., Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF FAYETTE COUNTY, 155TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. 92V-248, HONORABLE DAN R. BECK, JUDGE PRESIDING
Appellants Anchor Operating Co. and Stable Energy, L.P. (collectively "Anchor") appeal a summary judgment declaring appellee Kachina Oil & Gas, Inc. ("Kachina") to be the operator of an oil and gas well. Anchor contends that Kachina failed to meet its summary judgment burden of proof. We will reverse the trial-court judgment and remand the cause.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
This case involves a dispute over the operation of the Triangle K Well No. 1, an oil and gas well located in Fayette County. In October 1980, CRB Oil & Gas, Inc. ("CRB") and other parties entered into a joint operating agreement designating CRB as operator of the well. After drilling the well, CRB encountered financial difficulties and subcontracted with K-N Operating Corporation ("K-N") in 1983 to operate the well. In 1986, K-N transferred operations to MGN Oil & Gas Corporation ("MGN") as the new operator. In October 1991, MGN designated Kachina as the operator.
In September 1992, Kachina notified interest owners, including Anchor, that the well had ceased production and that the lease would be lost without action. Kachina proposed a reworking operation and notified the non-operating interest owners of the estimated cost. Anchor responded that it believed the proposed workover to be imprudent and that Anchor intended to take over operation of the well. Throughout November 1992, the parties continued to dispute the propriety of the workover, payment for operating cost arrearage, and who was the rightful operator under the joint operating agreement. On the eve of the expiration of the lease, representatives of Anchor forcibly seized the well. This litigation ensued.
Anchor sought, inter alia, a declaratory judgment that it was the proper operator of the well. (1) Anchor and Kachina filed cross-motions for partial summary judgment. Kachina's motion for summary judgment requested: a permanent injunction prohibiting Anchor from operating or interfering with the well, attorney's fees, and that plaintiff Anchor take nothing by its suit. Following a hearing, the trial court denied Anchor's motion for summary judgment and granted Kachina's in part. The trial court's order granting Kachina partial summary judgment specified that Anchor take nothing in its suit and denied all relief requested by Anchor. Even though Kachina did not request it, the order also declared Kachina to be the operator of the well. The summary judgment order also granted Kachina reasonable attorney's fees, the amount of which was determined at a later hearing. On appeal, Anchor argues that based on the summary-judgment evidence, Kachina failed to meet its burden of proof.
DISCUSSION
Any party may move for summary judgment under the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a. When both parties seek summary judgment, each party must carry its own burden; neither can prevail because of the failure of the other to discharge its burden. International Union United Auto. Aerospace & Agric. Implement Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc., 813 S.W.2d 558, 563 (Tex. App.Dallas 1991, writ denied); see The Atrium v. Kenwin Shops, 666 S.W.2d 315, 318 (Tex. App.Houston [14th Dist.] 1984, writ ref'd n.r.e.). Initially, we note that Anchor does not, in this appeal, challenge the denial of its own motion for summary judgment. While an order denying a motion for summary judgment is generally not appealable, it is appealable when the parties have filed cross-motions and the court grants one and overrules the other. See Ackermann v. Vordenbaum, 403 S.W.2d 362, 365 (Tex. 1966); International Union, 813 S.W.2d at 563. Because Anchor did not assign error to the denial of its motion, the sole issue before us is the propriety of granting Kachina's motion.
The trial-court order granting Kachina's summary judgment motion specifically declared Kachina to be the operator of the well. Kachina, however, did not request such relief, either in its answer to Anchor's lawsuit or in its motion for summary judgment. Rather, Kachina urged simply that Anchor's requested reliefto be declared operatorbe denied. While the summary judgment order does deny Anchor's requested relief, it goes further and actually declares Kachina to be the operator. A summary judgment motion must expressly present the grounds upon which it is made. McConnell v. Southside Indep. Sch. Dist., 858 S.W.2d 337, 341 (Tex. 1993). Granting summary judgment on grounds not presented in the motion is reversible error. See Mafrige v. Ross, 866 S.W.2d 590, 591 (Tex. 1993); Lochabay v. Southwestern Bell Media, Inc., 828 S.W.2d 167, 170 (Tex. App.Austin 1992, no writ). Since Kachina's summary judgment motion did not request to be declared operator, the trial court erred when it declared Kachina as such.
Moreover, even if we construe Kachina's motion to include a request to be declared operator, Kachina failed to meet its summary judgment burden of proof. Under well-established standards, Kachina has the burden of showing that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See Nixon v. Mr. Property Management Co., 690 S.W.2d 546, 548-49 (Tex. 1985); Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a. In deciding if a disputed material fact issue exists precluding summary judgment, evidence favorable to Anchor will be taken as true with every reasonable inference indulged in its favor. See Nixon, 690 S.W.2d at 548-49.
A central issue in this dispute is whether Kachina had an "interest" in the well, permitting it to be the operator under the joint operating agreement. Article V.B.1. of the joint operating agreement provides:
If Operator terminates its legal existence, no longer owns an interest in the Contract Area, or is no longer capable of serving as Operator, it shall cease to be Operator without any action by Non-operator, except selection of a successor. Operator may be removed if it fails or refuses to carry out its duties hereunder, or becomes insolvent, bankrupt or is placed in receivership . . . . A change of a corporate name or structure of Operator or transfer of Operator's interest to any single subsidiary, parent or successor corporation shall not be the basis for removal of Operator.
(Emphasis added.) Anchor argues that there is a material dispute as to whether Kachina ever owned an interest in the well so as to permit it to be the operator.
The summary-judgment evidence includes the affidavit of Steve Grimes, an independent landman, who reviewed the oil and gas records of Fayette County concerning the well. Grimes concludes, "[T]here is no instrument of record in Fayette County, Texas from January 1, 1980 to February 11, 1993 assigning an interest in any oil and gas lease covering the lands referred to as the Triangle K Prospect from any entity into the following: K-N Operating Corp.; MGN Oil & Gas Corp.; Kachina Oil & Gas, Inc."
There is also an affidavit from Alfred Pampell, president of Anchor, stating that Kachina had represented to him that it was the duly-appointed operator of the well under the operating agreement. In response to his request to furnish evidence that it was the duly-appointed operator, Kachina provided a copy of a letter agreement from CRB to K-N. This letter agreement, however, stated that while K-N would be the contract operator, CRB would continue to be named operator under the joint operating agreement. (2) Pampell's affidavit further states that "K-N, MGN and Kachina owned no interest in the Contract Area," prohibiting any of them from being an operator under the terms of the agreement.
Kachina's summary judgment proof contains two affidavits of W. B. Newberry, Jr., Vice President of Kachina. In one he states that while CRB initially subcontracted with K-N in 1983 to operate the well, full operatorship was transferred to K-N on March 15, 1986 by CRB's bankruptcy trustee. Further, he states that "K-N transferred operations to an affiliate with the same management, Kachina Oil & Gas, Inc.," in September 1990 and that Kachina "has acted as operator since that date." In his second affidavit, he characterized K-N, MGN, and Kachina as "wholly owned by one or more of the members of the Newberry family and all are managed by members of the Newberry family." The record also includes copies of three P-4 forms submitted to the Railroad Commission notifying the Commission that CRB transferred operating responsibility to K-N, K-N to MGN, and eventually MGN to Kachina.
From this summary judgment record, we conclude that Kachina has not met its burden of proof that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Under the operating agreement, Kachina could only be the operator if it owned an interest in the well or was a subsidiary, parent, or successor corporation of the original operator, CRB. The affidavits of Grimes and Pampell dispute that Kachina ever owned an interest in the well. While Newberry's affidavits offer an explanation for why Kachina was acting as operator, they do not prove conclusively that Kachina is entitled to be declared operator under the terms of the agreement. Further, although the Newberry affidavits attempt to explain the chain of transfer of operations for the well, they do not establish conclusively that Kachina is a "subsidiary, parent or successor corporation" for CRB, the original operator, as required by the agreement. (3)
Likewise, the Railroad Commission P-4 forms are not conclusive. Anchor also submitted a P-4 designating itself as operator without Kachina's signature. Although the Commission did not accept Anchor's P-4, correspondence in the record from the Commission offers the explanation. Dave Clarkson, hearings examiner with the legal division, wrote to the parties explaining the Commission's position: "[T]he Legal Division is of the opinion that the right to be designated operator of the [well] centers on resolution of a private contract dispute. . . . [T]his issue should be resolved by the parties or decided by the courts prior to any further action on Anchor Operating Co.'s Form P-4." Clarkson also concluded that "[n]othing in this decision of the Legal Division should be construed as a decision of the Commission as to the validity of the claim of either party to title or the contractual right to operate this lease."
Interestingly, the trial court itself recognized the existence of this material factual dispute concerning Kachina's interest. The trial court's unusual summary judgment order includes a section entitled "disputed fact issues." In this section, the order states that the most significant disputed fact issues include whether Kachina owned an interest in the well. Even if the summary-judgment evidence predominates in favor of Kachina, it is clear that Anchor has presented conflicting evidence on this material issue. It is not the purpose of the summary judgment rule to provide trial by affidavit, but rather to provide a method of summarily terminating a case when it clearly appears that only a question of law is involved and that there is no genuine issue of fact. Gaines v. Hamman, 358 S.W.2d 557, 563 (Tex. 1962). The record in this case does not support summary judgment. Consequently, we must sustain Anchor's second point of error. (4)
CONCLUSION
We reverse the trial court's summary judgment and remand the cause to the trial court for further proceedings.
J. Woodfin Jones, Justice
Before Chief Justice Carroll, Justices Aboussie and Jones
Reversed and Remanded
Filed: June 21, 1995
Do Not Publish
1. Anchor specifically requested declaratory judgment that it was the operator of the
well and that Kachina was not the operator. Additionally, Anchor sought an accounting,
damages, and attorney's fees.
2. The May 19, 1983 letter agreement was also included in the summary-judgment
evidence. It states: "Upon the effective date of this Letter Agreement, K-N would take
over operation of the wells as a contract operator, i.e., CRB would continue to be
operator under the various applicable joint operating agreements or joint venture
agreements, but CRB would by this Letter Agreement contract for the services of K-N in
certain specific areas."
3. Kachina also argues that it has an "interest" in the well because of a provision in the
operating agreement granting the operator a lien on the property to secure performance
on the non-operators' obligations. Kachina contends that Anchor's default in paying
operating expenses conferred on Kachina a lien on the well. This, of course, presupposes
that Kachina was the duly-appointed operator under the joint operating agreement in the
first place. If, as Anchor argues, Kachina never owned an interest in the well, precluding
its appointment as operator, Kachina could not take advantage of the "operator's lien"
provision of the agreement to bootstrap itself into owning an "interest" in the well.
4. In its first point of error, Anchor asserts that the trial court erred in failing to make
findings of fact and conclusions of law after proper request. Not only is it well
established that findings of fact and conclusions of law have no place in a summary
judgment proceeding, Linwood v. NCNB Texas, 885 S.W.2d 102, 103 (Tex. 1994), but here
the trial court did eventually make findings and conclusions, which have been brought to this
Court in a supplemental transcript. We overrule point of error one. In its third point of error,
Anchor asserts that the trial court erred in awarding excessive attorney's fees. Because we
reverse the summary judgment and remand the cause, we need not address this complaint.