TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-96-00196-CV
Dan Thomas, Appellant
v.
Texas Department of Criminal Justice--Institutional Division, Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 201ST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. 485-243, HONORABLE MARGARET A. COOPER, JUDGE PRESIDING
PER CURIAM
Dan Thomas, an inmate of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice--Institutional Division, filed this action on June 13, 1990, concerning events that occurred in 1988, 1989, and 1990. He did not effect service in the cause until November 22, 1995. The court granted appellee's motion for summary judgment based on the statute of limitations. (1) Thomas brings one point of error complaining of the grant of summary judgment against him. We will affirm the trial-court judgment.
To "bring suit" within a prescribed limitations period, a plaintiff must not only file suit within the applicable period, but must also use diligence to have the defendant served with process. Gant v. DeLeon, 786 S.W.2d 259, 260 (Tex. 1990); Rigo Mfg. Co. v. Thomas, 458 S.W.2d 180, 182 (Tex.1970). When a plaintiff files a petition within the limitations period, but does not serve the defendant until after the period has expired, the date of service relates back to the date of filing if the plaintiff exercised diligence in effecting service. Gant, 786 S.W.2d at 260; Zale Corp. v. Rosenbaum, 520 S.W.2d 889, 890 (Tex.1975).
To obtain summary judgment on the ground that process was not served within the applicable limitations period, the movant must show that, as a matter of law, the non-movant did not use diligence to effectuate service. Gant, 786 S.W.2d at 260; Zale, 520 S.W.2d at 891. Generally, the exercise of due diligence in obtaining service of citation is a question of fact. See, e.g., Valdez v. Charles Orsinger Buick Co., 715 S.W.2d 126, 127 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 1986, no writ). The issue can be determined as a matter of law, however, if no valid excuse exists for the failure to serve process timely. Gant, 786 S.W.2d at 260; Rigo, 458 S.W.2d at 182. The two controlling factors which decide due diligence are: (1) whether plaintiffs acted as ordinary prudent persons would act under the same circumstances; and (2) whether plaintiffs acted diligently up until the time defendant was actually served. Perry v. Kroger Stores, Store No. 119, 741 S.W.2d 533, 535 (Tex. App.--Dallas 1987, no writ).
Texas courts have consistently held that due diligence was lacking as a matter of law based on unexplained lapses of time between filing of suit, issuance of citation and service. See, e.g., Rigo, 458 S.W.2d at 182 (approximately seventeen months between filing and service); Buie v. Couch, 126 S.W.2d 565, 567 (Tex. Civ. App.--Waco 1939, writ ref'd) (almost four months between filing and issuance of citation and another month between issuance and service); Liles v. Phillips, 677 S.W.2d 802, 809 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 1984, writ ref'd n.r.e.) (two years and one month between filing and service); Williams v. Houston-Citizens Bank & Trust Co., 531 S.W.2d 434, 436 (Tex. Civ. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1975, writ ref'd n.r.e.) (approximately eight months between expiration of first citation and issuance of second).
In this cause, we have a lapse of sixty-five months between the filing of the lawsuit and service. We will accept as true Thomas' statement in his affidavit in support of his response to the motion for summary judgment that, although a prison official told him the mail containing his request for citation had been sent to the Travis County District Clerk's office, it was not. We will also give Thomas the benefit of the doubt and assume he meant the problem with his mail occurred in July 1990, not 1991 as stated in his affidavit. If he filed suit in June 1990, and did not even attempt to make initial service until over a year later, he worsens his own position. However, that statement in his affidavit applies only to the first attempt at service. There is no evidence in the summary judgment record to show any further attempts at service or explain why no further attempts were made. He had a continuing duty to act diligently until the time of actual service. Perry, 741 S.W.2d at 535.
We understand that Thomas is incarcerated and proceeding pro se. He is nevertheless bound by the same requirements imposed on all litigants to proceed with due diligence. Johnson v. McLean, 630 S.W.2d 790, 793 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1982, no writ); Brown v. Texas Employment Comm'n, 801 S.W.2d 5, 8 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1990, writ denied). (2)
We overrule Thomas' single point of error and affirm the trial-court judgment.
Before Justices Powers, Aboussie and Jones
Affirmed
Filed: October 2, 1996
Do Not Publish
1. A two-year statute of limitations applies to Thomas' claims under the Texas Tort Claims Act, Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 16.003 (West 1986 and Supp. 1996), and under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, Burrell v. Newsome, 883 F.2d 416, 418 (5th Cir. 1989).
2. We note that Mr. Thomas has had an appeal before this court that was considered on the merits. Thomas v. McCotter, No. 3-94-450-CV (Tex. App.--Austin August 16, 1995, no writ) (not designated for publication).
but does not serve the defendant until after the period has expired, the date of service relates back to the date of filing if the plaintiff exercised diligence in effecting service. Gant, 786 S.W.2d at 260; Zale Corp. v. Rosenbaum, 520 S.W.2d 889, 890 (Tex.1975).
To obtain summary judgment on the ground that process was not served within the applicable limitations period, the movant must show that, as a matter of law, the non-movant did not use diligence to effectuate service. Gant, 786 S.W.2d at 260; Zale, 520 S.W.2d at 891. Generally, the exercise of due diligence in obtaining service of citation is a question of fact. See, e.g., Valdez v. Charles Orsinger Buick Co., 715 S.W.2d 126, 127 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 1986, no writ). The issue can be determined as a matter of law, however, if no valid excuse exists for the failure to serve process timely. Gant, 786 S.W.2d at 260; Rigo, 458 S.W.2d at 182. The two controlling factors which decide due diligence are: (1) whether plaintiffs acted as ordinary prudent persons would act under the same circumstances; and (2) whether plaintiffs acted diligently up until the time defendant was actually served. Perry v. Kroger Stores, Store No. 119, 741 S.W.2d 533, 535 (Tex. App.--Dallas 1987, no writ).
Texas courts have consistently held that due diligence was lacking as a matter of law based on unexplained lapses of time between filing of suit, issuance of citation and service. See, e.g., Rigo, 458 S.W.2d at 182 (approximately seventeen months between filing and service); Buie v. Couch, 126 S.W.2d 565, 567 (Tex. Civ. App.--Waco 1939, writ ref'd) (almost four months between filing and issuance of citation and another month between issuance and service); Liles v. Phillips, 677 S.W.2d 802, 809 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 1984, writ ref'd n.r.e.) (two years and one month between filing and service); Williams v. Houston-