TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-95-00284-CV
Charles Stanley Porterfield, Appellant
v.
Carol Jean Porterfield, Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF COMAL COUNTY, 274TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. C91-732C, HONORABLE CHARLES R. RAMSEY, JUDGE PRESIDING
PER CURIAM
The trial court rendered a decree divorcing appellant Charles Stanley Porterfield from appellee Carol Jean Porterfield and dividing their marital estate. The parties, at trial, primarily disputed whether Charles' future military retirement pay was his separate property or was community property. From the court's decree dividing the retirement pay as community property, Charles appeals to this Court. We will affirm the trial court's decree.
In point of error one, Charles contends that the trial court abused its discretion in determining that the parties' agreement dividing Charles' future military retirement pay was not just and right. Shortly after the parties separated, but before they divorced, Carol wrote Charles a letter in which she described her finances as precarious and asked for the following help:
I've had Houssiere check some things out for me. I am eligible for 17½% of your retirement fund. Believe it or not, I don't want it. I need help now not 6 years down the road. By then I will have lost everything.
Not knowing what your retirement income will be, I can only guess. I figure I could draw from $350. to $500. a month for the rest of my life. Like I said, I don't want to do that.
If you will be willing to help me with $500. a month for 1 year, I will not put in a claim against your retirement. Starting in Dec. if you will send me $500. a mo. and stop next Dec. I'll not touch your retirement & you will be rid of me.
The court found that, in accordance with her request, Charles paid Carol $500.00 monthly for the next twelve months. In her petition for divorce, Carol asked the trial court to set aside the alleged agreement, allow her to repay Charles, and award her one-half of the military retirement pay that accrued during their marriage. The trial court decreed that Carol receive an undivided one-half interest in that part of Charles' military retirement pay that accrued during the marriage and that she pay Charles $6,000.00.
Charles first argues that the parties entered a valid agreement incident to divorce. Parties anticipating a divorce can agree in writing to divide their property and liabilities. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 3.631(a) (West 1993). (1) The terms of such an agreement bind the trial court in a divorce proceeding unless it finds that the agreement is not just and right. § 3.631(b).
The court in this case made an ultimate finding of fact that the alleged agreement by which Carol waived her share of military retirement benefits was not fair and equitable. See Harding v. Harding, 461 S.W.2d 235, 237 (Tex. Civ. App.--San Antonio 1970, no writ). The court supported this ultimate finding by several subsidiary findings: Carol wrote the letter without the advice of legal counsel and without knowledge of the full nature, extent, or value of Charles' military retirement benefits; no evidence existed that Charles fully disclosed to Carol the nature, extent, or value of the military retirement benefits; Charles gave Carol inadequate consideration for waiving her right to a portion of the benefits; and no evidence existed that Carol had the benefit of independent advice concerning the nature, extent, and value of the military retirement benefits to which the parties were entitled. Charles does not challenge the trial court's findings that, when Carol wrote the letter, Charles had not served the minimum twenty years of active military duty, he was not entitled to retire with benefits, and no benefits had vested in Charles.
Charles argues that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support the finding that the agreement was not just and right. In reviewing a no-evidence point, we examine the record in the light most favorable to the finding to determine if any probative evidence, or reasonable inferences therefrom, supports the finding, and we disregard all evidence and reasonable inferences therefrom to the contrary. Glover v. Texas Gen. Indem. Co., 619 S.W.2d 400, 401 (Tex. 1981); Garza v. Alviar, 395 S.W.2d 821, 823 (Tex. 1965). In reviewing an insufficient-evidence point, we examine the entire record and will set aside the finding only if the evidence supporting it is so weak, or the evidence to the contrary so overwhelming, as to make it clearly wrong and unjust. Garza, 395 S.W.2d 823; In re King's Estate, 244 S.W.2d 660, 661 (Tex. 1951).
We first consider the court's finding that Carol lacked independent advice about the nature, extent, and value of the military retirement benefits to which the parties were entitled. (2) Carol testified that before writing the letter to Charles she asked her attorney, Robert Houssiere, if he knew anything about military retirement pay. Houssiere spoke to a military retiree on her behalf and relayed to Carol the information that she was probably entitled to one-half of thirty-five percent of Charles' retirement pay. Carol also testified, however, that she was not sure she was entitled to military retirement benefits and that she sent the letter to try to get financial help from Charles. She did not know how much any retirement benefits would be.
Because Houssiere was personally unfamiliar with military retirement, Carol at his suggestion visited Fort Sam Houston about one year after writing the letter. The legal advisor there affirmed Carol's eligibility for part of the retirement, but again specified no amounts, and she therefore asked for information at Randolph Air Force Base one year later.
Although this evidence shows that Carol obtained some information from Houssiere before writing the letter, that information was rudimentary and incomplete. Carol learned nothing about the range of monthly retirement incomes to which she might be entitled and simply guessed at a value in her letter. The information she received did not include how cost-of-living increases are computed. Further, no one helped Carol put the trade-off in perspective, such as by comparing the present value of estimated future retirement benefits to the $6,000.00 she sought immediately from Charles. That the military retirement benefits were contingent and unliquidated does not negate the absence of advice about their value to her, taking the qualities of contingency and imprecision into consideration. We therefore determine that the evidence is both legally and factually sufficient to support the court's finding that Carol lacked independent advice about the nature, extent, and value of the parties' military retirement benefits.
The trial court also found that Carol received inadequate consideration for waiving her right to a portion of the retirement benefits. When she wrote the letter in 1991, Carol was forty-six years old and Charles was fifty-three. The evidence showed that active duty military personnel may retire after serving twenty years and that Charles is not eligible to retire until September 1996. The trial court judicially noticed that for each year of active duty military service, a member is entitled to two and one-half percent of his base pay. See 10 U.S.C.A. § 1401 (West Supp. 1996). Charles estimated that, when he became eligible to retire, his retirement pay would be half his base pay. Neither party knew, of course, what Charles' base pay would be when he retired.
Charles argues that the retirement pay had no value when Carol wrote the letter because Charles was not eligible for retirement then and nothing guaranteed that he would become eligible. The probability of Charles' not becoming eligible, however, was only a factor to be weighed with the potential benefits of receiving retirement income. While the amount of retirement income is uncertain, Carol could receive a future stream of income payments beginning at age fifty-one. These payments would support her in later years when her own earning capacity might be expected to diminish. The evidence thus lends itself to weighing Carol's receipt of $6,000.00 for one year against the probability of her receiving monthly payments for many future years. The trial court's finding that $6,000.00 was inadequate consideration for waiving the right to future retirement income is also supported by legally and factually sufficient evidence.
Charles nevertheless argues that Carol controlled the terms of her offer and thereby chose the consideration that she thought adequate. By the plain language of section 3.631(b), however, the trial court, rather than either party, is given the responsibility to determine whether the agreement is just and right. The court performed this duty in the manner in which it evaluated the evidence.
Because the two subsidiary findings discussed support the court's ultimate finding that the exchange of Carol's right to retirement benefits for $6,000.00 was not just and right, we need not review the evidence supporting the court's remaining subsidiary findings. J & J Equip. Inc. v. Pilkinton, 850 S.W.2d 804, 806 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 1993, writ denied). Having determined that the court properly found that any agreement incident to divorce was not just and right, we hold that the trial court acted within its discretion in setting it aside and refusing to approve and confirm it. See Harding, 461 S.W.2d at 237.
Charles argues alternatively that the agreement was binding as a partition or exchange agreement. Spouses are authorized to partition or exchange any of their community property, whether then existing or to be acquired. § 5.52; Tex. Const. art. XVI, § 15. A partition or exchange agreement must be in writing and signed by both parties. § 5.54. The trial court concluded that any alleged agreement to exchange or partition the parties' interest in military retirement benefits was not enforceable because it was not subscribed by both parties as required by section 5.54.
Charles argues that Carol's letter to him, coupled with his letter in response and his payment of $6,000.00, constitutes an agreement to partition property. We reject the argument that Charles' performance can be considered in determining whether Carol and Charles agreed to partition the military retirement pay. The unambiguous language of section 5.54 that a partition agreement "must be in writing and signed by both parties" precludes Charles' actions from substituting for his signing a written document. See Collins v. Collins, 752 S.W.2d 636, 637 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 1988, writ ref'd) (written memorandum of oral agreement, signed by party to be charged, does not constitute written partition agreement).
We also determine that Charles' and Carol's letters together do not form a written, signed agreement. Carol wrote her letter asking for $500.00 a month on November 9, 1991. In a letter to Carol dated November 22, 1991, Charles refers to a letter he had written her about one week earlier and states, "I hope that you can respond and will write me and let me know if you can live with the $300.00 to $350.00 per month." Charles then itemizes payments labelled "December 1, 1991" and "December 15, 1991" that he proposed to make Carol; each payment includes $340.00 with the notation "for yourself." Because Charles, in this letter, did not accept the term of Carol's letter that he pay her $500.00 each month, we need not consider whether the two letters together constitute a written, signed agreement to partition property. The trial court's conclusion that any partition agreement did not comply with section 5.54 is correct. We therefore overrule point one.
In point of error two, Charles contests the trial court's conclusion that the military retirement pay is community property. Charles first attacks the statement in conclusion of law five that Charles' military retirement pay is community property "to the extent the same has accumulated and vested." Charles points out that the court separately found that, when Carol wrote the letter, no retirement benefits had vested in Charles. According to the evidence at trial, Charles will not be eligible to retire until September 1996. Should he leave the service before then, Charles would be entitled to no retirement benefits. Treating as an erroneous finding the reference in conclusion five to military retirement benefits that had vested, we may disregard it if the judgment is otherwise correct. Forty-Seven Thousand Two Hundred Dollars U.S. Currency v. State, 883 S.W.2d 302, 309 (Tex. App.--El Paso 1994, writ denied).
The correctness of decreeing the retirement income to be community property does not depend on whether it had already vested, in the sense of immediate entitlement. Military retirement pay that is payable to a service member and acquired during marriage is community property subject to division by the court. § 5.01(b); 10 U.S.C.A. § 1408(c) (West 1983 & Supp. 1996). Charles contends that the court's award of retirement benefits to the community is incorrect because the benefits were his separate property under either the partition agreement or the agreement incident to divorce. Having upheld the trial court's determination that neither alleged agreement is valid, we see no error in the court's award. We overrule point two.
In point of error three, Charles argues that the trial court erroneously shifted the burden to him to prove that the agreement either was just and right under section 3.631 or was not unconscionable under section 5.55 of the Family Code. §§ 3.631, 5.55. Charles bases his argument on the wording of certain of the trial court's findings of fact. If a party deems findings incorrect, he must request specified amended findings. James Holmes Enters., Inc. v. John Bankston Constr. & Equip. Rental, Inc., 664 S.W.2d 832, 834 (Tex. App.--Beaumont 1983, writ ref'd n.r.e.). See Tex. R. Civ. P. 298; Tex. R. App. P. 52(a). Because Charles failed to request amended findings, he has waived his complaint as to the findings the court made. Law v. Law, 517 S.W.2d 379, 383 (Tex. Civ. App.--Austin 1974, writ dism'd).
Nevertheless, Carol bore the burden to prove that any agreement incident to divorce was not just and right. § 3.631(b). See Temple Indep. Sch. Dist. v. English, 896 S.W.2d 167, 169 (Tex. 1995). The court worded its finding on whether Carol received independent advice in terms of "no evidence," or a failure to find, that she received such advice. A failure to find a fact is not an affirmative finding of the converse of that fact. Williford Energy Co. v. Submergible Cable Servs., Inc., 895 S.W.2d 379, 383 (Tex. App.--Amarillo 1994, no writ); Gensco, Inc. v. Canco Equip., Inc., 737 S.W.2d 345, 347-48 (Tex. App.--Amarillo 1987, no writ). But in view of the court's ultimate finding that any agreement incident to divorce was not just and right, along with its other affirmative findings, we construe the finding on advice so as to harmonize with the court's obvious intent to affirmatively state why any agreement was not just and right. See Brown v. Frontier Theatres, Inc., 369 S.W.2d 299, 301 (Tex. 1963); International Ins. Agency, Inc. v. Railroad Comm'n, 893 S.W.2d 204, 211 (Tex. App.--Austin 1995, writ denied); First Fin. Dev. Corp. v. Hughston, 797 S.W.2d 286, 294 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 1990, writ denied). We therefore construe the finding of no evidence of advice as a finding that Carol lacked advice about the nature, extent, and value of the retirement benefits.
A partition agreement is not enforceable if the party against whom enforcement is sought proves that, among other things, it is unconscionable. § 5.55. Because we determine that the lack of a writing signed by both parties destroys the existence of a partition agreement, we will not consider Charles' arguments on unconscionability. See § 5.54. We overrule point three.
We affirm the trial court's decree.
Before Justices Powers, Aboussie and Kidd
Affirmed
Filed: August 14, 1996
Do Not Publish
1. For convenience, we will cite to the Family Code by section number only.
2. We have restated this finding to comport with our discussion below of Charles' point
of error three.
error two, Charles contests the trial court's conclusion that the military retirement pay is community property. Charles first attacks the statement in conclusion of law five that Charles' military retirement pay is community property "to the extent the same has accumulated and vested." Charles points out that the court separately found that, when Carol wrote the letter, no retirement benefits had vested in Charles. According to the evidence at trial, Charles will not be eligible to retire until September 1996. Should he leave the service before then, Charles would be entitled to no retirement benefits. Treating as an erroneous finding the reference in conclusion five to military retirement benefits that had vested, we may disregard it if the judgment is otherwise correct. Forty-Seven Thousand Two Hundred Dollars U.S. Currency v. State, 883 S.W.2d 302, 309 (Tex. App.--El Paso 1994, writ denied).
The correctness of decreeing the retirement income to be community property does not depend on whether it had already vested, in the sense of immediate entitlement. Military retirement pay that is payable to a ser