TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-95-00349-CV
Bruce A. Clark, Appellant
v.
Railroad Commission of Texas and Raymond Franke, Appellees
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 261ST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. 94-02724, HONORABLE MARGARET A. COOPER, JUDGE PRESIDING
Following a contested case proceeding, appellee Railroad Commission of Texas ("the Commission") found that appellant Bruce A. Clark had violated several Commission rules while operating three oil and gas leases. The Commission ordered Clark to pay a fine and remedy the violations. Clark now appeals the district-court judgment affirming the Commission's order. We will affirm the district-court judgment.
BACKGROUND
Clark operates three oil and gas leases located in Callahan County. (1) In 1976, the lessor filed a complaint with the Commission concerning Clark's operation of the leases. As a result, three dockets concerning inactive wells on the leases were brought against Clark, but the Commission took no further action at the time. On June 5, 1992, the Commission began the current action against Clark. A hearing concerning all three dockets was held on September 29, 1992 and continued on October 15, 1992. Clark appeared pro se at both hearings.
On December 20, 1993, the Commission issued a final order finding Clark in violation of three Commission rules. See 16 Tex. Admin. Code §§ 3.8, 3.13, and 3.14 (West 1995) (hereinafter Rules 8, 13, and 14). The Commission ordered Clark to plug abandoned wells on one of the leases, backfill unpermitted pits, fully document well locations, and pay an administrative penalty for past violations. After the Commission overruled Clark's motion for rehearing, Clark petitioned the district court for judicial review of the order. The district court overruled Clark's points of error and affirmed the Commission's order. Clark now appeals the district-court judgment by five points of error.
DISCUSSION AND HOLDINGS
In his five points of error, Clark argues that the Commission's findings are not reasonably supported by substantial evidence in the record. We review such a challenge under the substantial-evidence rule contained in the Administrative Procedure Act. Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 2001.174 (West 1996). Well-settled standards govern our review of a substantial-evidence challenge to agency action in a contested case:
1. The findings, inferences, conclusions, and decisions of an agency are presumed to be supported by substantial evidence, and the burden is on the party contesting the order to prove otherwise.
2. In applying the substantial evidence test, the reviewing court is prohibited from substituting its judgment for that of the agency as to the weight of the evidence of questions committed to agency discretion.
3. Substantial evidence is more than a scintilla, but the evidence in the record may preponderate against the decision of the agency and nonetheless amount to substantial evidence.
4. The true test is not whether the agency reached the correct conclusion, but whether some reasonable basis exists in the record for the action taken by the agency.
5. The agency's action will be sustained if the evidence is such that reasonable minds could have reached the conclusion that the agency must have reached in order to justify its action.
Texas Health Facilities Comm'n v. Charter Medical-Dallas, Inc., 665 S.W.2d 446, 452-53 (Tex. 1984); City of League City v. Texas Water Comm'n, 777 S.W.2d 802, 805 (Tex. App.--Austin 1989, no writ).
In his first point of error, Clark challenges the Commission's finding that he maintained four unpermitted pits on the W.M. Franke "B" Lease in violation of Rule 8(d)(2). See 16 Tex. Admin. Code § 3.8(d)(2) (West 1995). Rule 8(d)(2) prohibits the unpermitted use of a pit for the storage of petroleum products or wastes. Id. Clark contends that the pits located on the W.M. Franke "B" Lease were lawful pursuant to Rule 8(d)(7)(C) because they predated Rule 8(d)(2). Rule 8(d)(7)(C) allows for continued use of a preexisting, unpermitted pit provided that the operator makes a timely and sufficient application to the Commission for a permit. Id. § 3.8(d)(7)(C).
During the hearings, Commission staff introduced inspection reports demonstrating Clark's ongoing violations of Rule 8(d). The reports show that Clark maintained four unpermitted pits on the W.M. Franke "B" Lease until at least December 1990; in 1991 Clark backfilled one pit but the other three remained in place. Clark introduced permit applications that he had prepared for three of the four pits. Clark alleged that these applications for the three pits had been timely filed, but the applications themselves bear no indication that they were received or filed by the agency. On the contrary, the record contains letters from Commission staff to Clark rejecting his applications due to insufficient information.
We hold that the record contains substantial evidence supporting the Commission's finding that Clark violated Rule 8(d)(2). The record reflects that Clark filed inadequate permit applications for three of the four pits. The filing of an inadequate permit application does not excuse the operator from continued noncompliance with Rule 8(d)(2). Id. We overrule Clark's first point of error.
In his second point of error, Clark challenges the Commission's finding that he caused or allowed pollution (2) of surface or subsurface water on the leases he operates. See id. § 3.8(b). Clark contends that the only Rule 8(b) issue is contamination of fresh water by salt water runoff. Clark argues that a report of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service, introduced by Commission staff during the hearing, establishes conclusively that the fresh water on the lease was not saline. Clark therefore argues that he did not violate Rule 8(b).
We find substantial evidence in the record supporting the Commission's finding of fresh-water pollution on Clark's leases. Despite Clark's attempt to limit the pollution issue to salt water, the Commission produced reports and photos indicating surface water contamination from the discharge of oil and gas wastes. Commission staff introduced an inspector's report dated June 1, 1992, that noted both oil and salt water leaks polluting an area of four hundred square feet. The U.S. Soil Conservation Service report documented severe damage to a wheat field resulting from an extremely high concentration of salt in a soil layer; the inspector concluded that rain runoff had forced saline water to the surface of the lease. Because this record evidence amply supports the Commission's finding of fresh-water pollution, we overrule Clark's second point of error.
In his third and fourth points of error, Clark challenges the Commission's finding that he violated Rule 14(b)(2) by failing to plug the wells on the W.M. Franke "B" Lease within one year after he stopped producing oil from them. See id. § 3.14(b)(2). Clark first argues that the Commission has no definition, standard, or guideline for the meaning of "production" and therefore cannot make a meaningful finding of non-production. We reject the argument. Rule 14(b)(2) applies to a "dry or inactive well . . . ." Id. The plain language of the rule indicates that it applies to wells from which the operator has not extracted or is no longer extracting petroleum products in any quantity. See Monsanto Co. v. Tyrrell, 537 S.W.2d 135, 137 (Tex. Civ. App--Houston [14th Dist.] 1976, writ ref'd n.r.e.) ("production" defined as "actual physical extraction of the mineral from the soil"). During the hearing, Commission staff entered in evidence a certified copy of a Commission oil production ledger showing no production reported for the W.M. Franke "B" Lease between June 1991 and May 1992. Additionally, the director of the Commission's oil field clean-up section testified that he personally examined the wells during the time in question and found them to be apparently abandoned and not producing in any quantity. Clark does not dispute that he failed to produce the lease. Because we find that Rule 12(b)(4) contains a clear test for production, we overrule Clark's third point of error.
In his fourth point of error, Clark argues that the Commission cannot penalize him for failing to produce the W.M. Franke "B" Lease wells because the Commission issued a severance order prohibiting him from producing the lease wells during the relevant time period. We disagree. A party's failure to produce is not excused by a Commission severance order when compliance with the violated regulations is within reasonable control of that party. See Atkinson Gas Co. v. Albrecht, 878 S.W.2d 236, 241 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 1994, writ denied); Hydro-Carbon Management, Inc. v. Tracker Exploration, Inc., 861 S.W.2d 427, 435-36 (Tex. App.--Amarillo 1993, no writ). The Commission issued Clark's severance order after he had repeatedly violated Rule 8 as discussed above, i.e., having unpermitted pits and causing water pollution. As operator, Clark had the ability to file sufficient applications for pit permits and operate the lease in compliance with water-pollution regulations. Clark presented no evidence that compliance with Commission rules was beyond his control. Therefore, the severance order did not relieve Clark of his duty to plug after one year of nonproduction. Additionally, Clark could have complied both with the severance order and Rule 14(b)(2) by either plugging the wells or obtaining an extension of the time allowed to plug. He did neither. We overrule Clark's fourth point of error.
In his fifth point of error, Clark challenges the Commission's finding that he operated or maintained wells without adequate wellhead assembly for surface control. See 16 Tex. Admin. Code § 3.13 (West 1995). Clark contends he did not violate Rule 13 for two reasons. First, Clark argues that the Commission is barred from issuing sanctions against him under the doctrine of laches because he has used this same type of wellhead assembly for twelve years without penalty. This argument is without merit. The State is not subject to the defense of laches. State v. Durham, 860 S.W.2d 63, 67 (Tex. 1993). Second, Clark argues that there is no standard for wellhead assembly compliance, making the rule void. We disagree. Rule 13(b)(1)(B) provides: "Wellhead assemblies shall be used on wells to maintain surface control of the well." Id. § 3.13(b)(1)(B) (West 1995). Rule 13 also explicitly provides that its intent is to require wellhead assemblies that prevent spillage and pollution from well production and that, in the absence of specific requirements in the rules, the operator "shall make every effort to follow the intent of the section, using good engineering practices and the best currently available technology." Id. § 3.13(a)(1). We hold that Rule 13 provides a sufficiently definite standard for wellhead assembly requirements. A reasonable operator would understand that the rule requires the use of the best available technology to prevent pollution and spills by controlling the surface of the well.
During the hearing, Commission staff entered in evidence numerous reports and photographs indicating surface control problems with Clark's wells, including multiple wells open to the air and surrounded by pollution. Additionally, Commission staff produced evidence concerning one well that, lacking wellhead control, had filled up with water and then spilled oil on the ground. We hold that the record contains substantial evidence to support the Commission's finding that Clark violated Rule 13. Therefore, we overrule Clark's fifth point of error.
CONCLUSION
We find substantial evidence to support each challenged provision of the Commission's order. Therefore, we affirm the district court's judgment.
Mack Kidd, Justice
Before Justices Powers, Aboussie and Kidd
Affirmed
Filed: February 7, 1996
Do Not Publish
1. The three leases are the W.M. Franke Lease, the W.M. Franke "A" Lease, and the
W.M. Franke "B" Lease.
2. Rule 8(a)(28) defines pollution in this context as: The alteration of the physical, thermal, chemical, or biological quality of, or
the contamination of, any surface or subsurface water in the state that
renders the water harmful, detrimental, or injurious to humans, animal life,
vegetation, or property, or to public health, safety, or welfare, or impairs the
usefulness or the public enjoyment of the water for any lawful or reasonable
purpose. 16 Tex. Admin. Code § 3.8(a)(28) (West 1995).