TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 181,311-C, HONORABLE EDWARD S. JOHNSON, JUDGE PRESIDING
Discussion
In two issues, J.M.M. argues that the evidence was not factually sufficient to support his adjudication for either offense. J.M.M. asserts that, in light of conflicting testimony and considering the medical evidence, the jury's verdict was clearly wrong and unjust.
Standard of Review
Adjudications of delinquency in juvenile cases are based on the criminal standard of proof. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 54.03(f) (West 1996). Therefore, we review adjudications of delinquency in juvenile cases using the standards applicable to challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence in criminal cases. In re J.S., 35 S.W.3d 287, 292 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 2001, no pet.); In re E.P., 963 S.W.2d 191, 193 (Tex. App.--Austin 1998, no pet.). In a factual sufficiency review, we begin with the presumption that the evidence supporting the judgment is legally sufficient. Clewis v. State, 922 S.W.2d 126, 134 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996). In reviewing the factual sufficiency of the evidence, we examine all the evidence in a neutral light. Id. at 129. Evidence is factually insufficient if it is so weak as to render the verdict clearly wrong and manifestly unjust or the verdict is against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence. Johnson v State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 11 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000); see also Clewis, 922 S.W.2d at 131-32. The jury decides the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony, and it resolves or reconciles conflicts in the testimony, accepting or rejecting such portions as it sees fit. Banks v. State, 510 S.W.2d 592, 595 (Tex. Crim. App. 1974). A jury can accept the State's version of the facts and reject appellant's version or reject any of the witnesses' testimony. Moore v. State, 804 S.W.2d 165, 166 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1991, no pet.).
The jury adjudicated J.M.M. guilty of two offenses, indecency with a child and aggravated sexual assault. A person commits the offense of indecency with a child by engaging in sexual contact with a child younger than seventeen years of age who is not the person's spouse. Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 21.11(a)(1) (West Supp. 2001). A person commits the offense of aggravated sexual assault by intentionally or knowingly penetrating by any means, the anus or female sexual organ of a child under fourteen years of age. Id. § 22.021(a)(1)(B)(i), (a)(2)(B). The testimony of a sexual assault victim is sufficient evidence of penetration to prove an assault, even if the victim is a child. Karnes v. State, 873 S.W.2d 92, 96 (Tex. App.--Dallas 1994, no pet.) (victims under fourteen years of age); Kemple v. State, 725 S.W.2d 483, 485 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 1987, pet. ref'd untimely filed) (victim eight years of age). The State may introduce medical testimony or physical evidence to support a victim's claim. However, if the victim is younger than eighteen, no corroboration is necessary; otherwise, no corroboration is necessary to support a victim's testimony if the assault was reported to anyone other than the defendant within one year after the assault occurred. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 38.07 (West Supp. 2001); see Garcia v. State, 563 S.W.2d 925, 928 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978); Karnes, 873 S.W.2d at 96-97; Kemple, 725 S.W.2d at 485.
The Evidence
At the time of the alleged assault, J.M.M., who was fourteen years old, lived with his aunt and uncle in Bell County. Their daughter, J.M.M.'s cousin Dawn DiFazio, lived across the street. At the time, M.W., the five-year-old victim, and her mother lived next door to J.M.M.'s aunt and uncle. M.W.'s mother was a licensed vocational nurse who worked at a nursing home in Georgetown. On several occasions, she had arranged for DiFazio, who had two sons around M.W.'s age, to babysit for M.W.
On the weekend of December 10, 1999, M.W.'s mother was working the 6:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. shift. Because of her long commute to work, she had to leave her house between 4:30 and 5:00 a.m. DiFazio agreed to babysit M.W. on Saturday and Sunday until M.W.'s mother returned from work. To avoid anyone else having to wake up as early as she did, M.W.'s mother also asked J.M.M. to spend Friday and Saturday nights at her house to babysit M.W. from the time she had to leave for work until M.W. awoke. J.M.M. was to make sure that M.W. was awake, dressed, and fed breakfast before M.W. went to DiFazio's house each morning. Although J.M.M. had babysat for his younger sister and DiFazio's sons before, this was the first time he babysat for M.W.
Sometime in the late evening hours of Friday, December 10, 1999, J.M.M. arrived at M.W.'s to babysit. Although M.W.'s mother testified that he arrived around 9:00 p.m., J.M.M. said that he did not arrive until 11:00 p.m. because he had been Christmas caroling. M.W.'s mother testified that she and M.W. slept in their bedrooms, and J.M.M. slept on the couch in the living room. J.M.M., however, remembered that M.W.'s mother offered to let him sleep in her bed, and she slept on the couch so she would not disturb anyone when she left for work. Both J.M.M. and M.W.'s mother testified that M.W. wore a pink, zippered sleeper to bed.
According to M.W., after her mother left for work, J.M.M. woke her up, unzipped her sleeper, placed his hand inside her panties, and touched her vagina. M.W. testified that he hurt her by putting his fingers inside her very hard and said that she told him to stop. Afterwards, J.M.M. told her not to tell anyone what he had done.
According to J.M.M., M.W. woke him up with noise from the television. He found her eating breakfast while watching cartoons. He said she was wearing a Pooh Bear nightgown that came below her knees, rather than the sleeper. He said M.W. asked to play dolls. When he told her she needed to get dressed instead, she jumped in his lap and started talking about her Barbie dolls. J.M.M. said as he picked her up, sat her down, and told her to get dressed, her panties fell down. He said he reached down, looked away , and pulled them up because "little kids aren't supposed to run around with their underpants down."
DiFazio stated that she arrived at M.W.'s house between 8:00 and 8:30 a.m. and saw M.W. wearing only panties. A Pooh Bear nightgown was crumpled in the middle of the living room floor. DiFazio helped M.W. get dressed. She noticed M.W. had her hand at her hip to hold up her underwear and that her panties were sliding down because of the elastic. M.W. spent the day with DiFazio until M.W.'s mother picked her up.
J.M.M. returned to M.W.'s house to babysit later that evening. Although J.M.M. testified that he arrived round 8:00 p.m., M.W.'s mother remembered his arrival time as 9:00 p.m. They both said M.W.'s sleepwear was the same as the previous night. M.W. testified that, the next morning, after her mother left for work, J.M.M. again touched her vagina. When DiFazio arrived to pick her up, M.W. was still in nightclothes. DiFazio dressed M.W., and returned to her house. J.M.M. went home. After work, M.W.'s mother picked up M.W. from DiFazio.
M.W.'s mother did not have to work on Monday. While watching cartoons that morning, M.W. told her mother that J.M.M. had hurt her; he unzipped her pajamas, touched her tummy, pulled down her panties, and touched her "pee-pee." M.W.'s mother had M.W. tell DiFazio what had happened. M.W.'s mother testified that she took M.W. over to DiFazio's house, but DiFazio recalls that M.W.'s mother telephoned and asked DiFazio to come over and talk about something important.
At trial, M.W. correctly identified an anatomical drawing of a female and labeled certain body parts, included "butt" and "pee-pee," which is M.W.'s name for vagina. She identified on the drawing where J.M.M. touched her. She said that J.M.M. was the only person who had touched her private parts. On cross-examination, M.W. denied that she woke up before J.M.M. and testified again that he woke her up. She also testified that he did not want to play with her dolls. She then jumped on him while he was sitting in the living room, and he agreed to play. She said that when DiFazio arrived, she had already eaten donuts for breakfast and gotten dressed.
After M.W. told her mother what happened, her mother took M.W. to the Scott & White Pediatric Clinic to pick up a previously ordered prescription. While at the clinic, they saw Cathy Pintor, a nurse practitioner who had treated M.W. for several years. M.W.'s mother asked Pintor to talk to M.W., who told Pintor about the events of the weekend. Pintor testified that she did not examine M.W. because Pintor is not qualified to perform such an examination. She offered to call the police and did so the next day.
After seeing Pintor, M.W.'s mother took her to the Children's Advocacy Center in Belton, where the director scheduled an examination for the child with Michelle Gerbozy, a sexual assault nurse examiner at Scott & White. Gerbozy examined M.W. later that week on December 17, 1999, and confirmed that M.W. had sustained injuries to her genitalia. Gerbozy testified that M.W. demonstrated the way in which J.M.M. had touched her. She also testified that when she asked M.W. how many times J.M.M. touched her, M.W. said, "Different days."
Gerbozy then stated that her detailed genital examination of M.W. revealed injuries "to the inside of her labia minora and the introitus to the vagina on her left side[.] [S]he was tender to my touch and there was some redness there." She testified that the labia minora are the thinner, inner lips of the female sexual organ and that the introitus to the vagina is its entrance. Gerbozy testified that this type of injury was caused by penetration of M.W.'s sexual organ.
On cross-examination, Gerbozy further clarified that M.W.'s injury constituted an extended point of injury, rather than two separate injuries. She stated that because the injuries did not require suturing, they were considered minor and that such injuries "heal by wound regeneration in 24 to 48 hours, 72 maybe at the most," but healing would depend on the nature of the injury. Gerbozy also admitted the possibility that the injury was less than a few days old. Although she acknowledged that the injury could have been caused by masturbation, Gerbozy also said that children normally do not masturbate to the point of causing themselves pain. When further asked if the injury would have been painful if suffered during masturbation, she noted that it was painful for M.W. when she examined her several days later.
Diane Campbell, a clinical social worker, testified that she treated M.W. in a therapy session in July 2000. Campbell testified that children who have been sexually abused often exhibit certain behavior patterns and that M.W. exhibited many such characteristic patterns, such as aggressive behavior, nightmares, angry outbursts, and a tendency to be very clingy with her mother.
Analysis
J.M.M. bases his claim of factual insufficiency in large part on conflicts in the evidence. J.M.M. contends the conflicting evidence regarding the clothing that M.W. wore, where J.M.M. slept when at M.W.'s home, whether M.W.'s undergarments were loose and falling down, and what time J.M.M. arrived to babysit, renders the evidence factually insufficient.
On the one hand, the jury had before it conflicting evidence. However, on cross-examination DiFazio admitted that the State had to subpoena her and that she had not relayed to the State all of the information about which she later testified. In particular, she admitted she had not told the police or anyone else about M.W.'s underwear having such problems with the elastic that her panties were falling down. Similarly, J.M.M. also admitted at trial that he had not earlier relayed certain information about which he testified. The jury also had before it evidence of DiFazio's and J.M.M.'s family relationship. It was the jury's role to weigh the witnesses' credibility in assessing how much weight to give to the purported conflicts created by their testimony. See Banks, 510 S.W.2d at 595; Moore, 804 S.W.2d 166.
J.M.M. also asserts that, according to the testimony of Gerbozy, the sexual assault nurse examiner, the trauma had to have occurred sometime after J.M.M. last had access to M.W. M.W.'s testimony showed that the assaults occurred the mornings of Saturday, December 11 and Sunday, December 12. Gerbozy examined M.W. on Friday, December 17. The numeric range she testified to for healing the injury she found was 24 to 72 hours, which would have made the injury more likely to have occurred after the time on Sunday morning when J.M.M. last had access to M.W. However, Gerbozy's testimony was given as a general range and left open the possibility that a specific injury could heal differently. Again, the jury was free to weigh this evidence and accept or reject any or all of Gerbozy's testimony. See Banks, 510 S.W.2d at 595; Moore, 804 S.W.2d at 166. Further, M.W.'s testimony that J.M.M. penetrated her needed no medical corroboration. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 38.07 (West Supp. 2001).
After reviewing all of the evidence in a neutral light, we cannot say that the evidence is so weak that it renders the verdict on either offense clearly wrong and manifestly unjust, nor is the verdict on either offense against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence. We therefore overrule both of J.M.M.'s issues.
Conclusion
We have overruled both of appellant's issues. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court's judgment.
Jan P. Patterson, Justice
Before Chief Justice Aboussie, Justices Yeakel and Patterson
Affirmed
Filed: August 30, 2001
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