TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-00-00165-CR
Augustine Gutierrez, Appellant
v.
The State of Texas, Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF COMAL COUNTY, 22ND DISTRICT COURT
NO. CR98-166, HONORABLE CHARLES R. RAMSAY, JUDGE PRESIDING
Appellant Augustine Gutierrez appeals his conviction for aggravated assault with a
deadly weapon. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 22.02(a)(2) (West 1994). The jury found appellant
guilty and assessed his punishment at three years’ imprisonment.
Points of Error
Appellant advances six points of error, all of which relate to evidentary rulings. In the
first two points, appellant contends that the trial court erred in permitting the State to prove an
extraneous offense through witnesses Bryan Hugghins and Wayne Lehman. In the next two points,
appellant claims violation of his federal and state constitutional rights when the State was allowed to
impeach him with his post-arrest silence. The fifth point also complains about appellant’s cross-
examination when the State was able to impeach him with the details of his prior convictions at the
guilt/innocence stage of the trial. Lastly, appellant urges there was “cumulative error” depriving him
of a fair trial.
Facts
Appellant does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to support the conviction.
A brief recitation of the basic facts will place the points of error in proper perspective.
Robert Hospers, the complainant, testified that on the evening of April 9, 1998, he had dinner
with Phillip and Linda Couch, who were friends of his. After dinner, they decided to go to the
Sundowner Bar. When he entered the bar, Hospers spoke to a woman that he had seen “around.”
He “really did not know her” and had no relationship with her. Hospers did not know appellant or
that the woman was his wife.
As Hospers turned to order drinks from the bar, appellant, without speaking, pushed
him and threatened him with a knife. Hospers was cut on the chest and the neck. Other individuals
pulled appellant away. Appellant and the woman then left the bar.
Phillip Couch saw Hospers speak to a young woman upon entering the bar. Shortly
thereafter, he heard a disturbance and saw appellant leave the scene. When Couch realized that
Hospers had been cut, he moved to assist Hospers. Linda Couch saw some “pushing” but could not
identify anyone from her location in the bar.
Richard Sarsfield, who was playing pool at the bar, saw appellant and Hospers pushing
each other and observed that appellant had a knife at Hospers’s neck. Sarsfield had heard no words
or argument between these individuals. Someone named “Dwight” grabbed appellant, pulled him
aside and ordered him to leave. Appellant left with an intoxicated woman, later identified as
appellant’s wife. The police were called.
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Other customer-witnesses gave accounts similar to Sarsfield’s. Dwight Griffin,
another customer, saw Hospers talking to a female customer. Later, he heard a disturbance and saw
the pushing between Hospers and appellant. Griffin grabbed appellant and pushed him to the door.
Griffin did not learn until later that Hospers had been cut with a knife.
The testimony of deputy sheriffs Bryan Hugghins1 and Wayne Lehman, who were
originally dispatched to the Sundowner Bar, is set out in our discussion of appellant’s points of error
and need not be stated here. At appellant’s home, Hugghins found the knife used in the assault.
Ruby Rubio, a district attorney’s investigator, testified that the knife was capable of inflicting death
or serious bodily injury.
Appellant advanced the theory of self-defense. Angela Gutierrez testified that she was
to meet appellant, her husband, at the Sundowner Bar about 10:00 p.m. after he finished his work that
day. Angela Gutierrez went to the bar early and was intoxicated when appellant arrived. She related
that Hospers came by, grabbed her leg, and invoked a challenge from appellant not to bother her.
She indicated that Hospers pushed appellant and swung a glass at him. At this time, she and appellant
were grabbed by others and she fell to the floor. Appellant pulled a knife to defend both of them.
They then left the bar and went home. Upon arrival, Angela related that she “tore up” the house
because of her intoxicated state. Appellant’s testimony tracked that of his wife. He stated that he
acted in self-defense and did not intend to injure Hospers.
1
“Hugghins” is the spelling of the witness’s name in the court reporter’s record.
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Proof of an Extraneous Offense
Hugghins’s Testimony
In point of error one, appellant asserts that the trial court erred in allowing the State
to prove “an alleged extraneous offense of assault against the appellant’s wife through witness
Hugghins.” He contends that the evidence “was irrelevant and immaterial to the charges on trial” and
admitted “over the objections of appellant’s counsel.”
Comal County Deputy Sheriff Bryan Keith Hugghins testified that on April 9, 1998,
between 11:30 p.m. and 12:00 midnight, the officers received a report of a stabbing at the Sundowner
Bar. While enroute there, Hugghins received another dispatch reporting a disturbance at 1010
Inspiring View, Hancock Oak Hills. Still another report indicated that the suspect in the stabbing had
left the bar in a small white pick-up truck. One of the officers reported to Hugghins that a resident
at the address of the disturbance had a vehicle of the description given.
Deputy Hugghins and another officer went to the Inspiring View address. Upon
arrival, Hugghins heard a female screaming, who then yelled, “just leave me alone.” Feeling that an
assault “might be in progress,” Hugghins and Deputy Leyba entered the residence through an
unlocked front door and followed the sound of the screaming to a bedroom where a woman was lying
on the floor, partially under a table. Appellant was seated on a bed above her.
At this point, appellant’s counsel took the witness on voir dire examination and
established that Hugghins had not seen an assault, had not filed assault charges, and did not know of
anyone who had done so. For the first time, appellant’s trial counsel objected by asking the trial court
not to allow “any further testimony in regards to anything at the residence as it is not relevant to what
happened at the Sundowner Bar which my client’s accused of. He’s not accused of any sort of
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assault at the house nor was there any charges of that brought.” (Emphasis added.) The objection
was overruled.
Hugghins then identified the woman at the scene as appellant’s girlfriend; revealed that
he talked to appellant outside the house about the “problem” there while appellant was not under
arrest; that appellant informed him appellant and his girlfriend got into an argument after he brought
her home from the Sundowner Bar; and that she tore up the property at the house. Hugghins
observed that the house was in “total disarray.” When asked what he meant by that, appellant’s
counsel objected that “the condition of the house” was “irrelevant” to the offense charged. Following
the prosecutor’s response, appellant’s counsel offered to stipulate that the house was “trashed out.”
The objection was overruled. The foregoing objections are the only ones called to our attention.
Throughout the record the same or similar testimony concerning the matters in question was admitted
without objection.
A specific objection must be made each time an offer of inadmissible evidence is made
in order to preserve any error for review. Purtell v. State, 761 S.W.2d 360, 368 (Tex. Crim. App.
1988); Miranda v. State, 813 S.W.2d 724, 739 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1991, pet. ref’d). The
improper admission of evidence is not reversible error when the same facts are proven by other
unobjected-to testimony. Anderson v. State, 717 S.W.2d 622, 626-27 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986);
Miranda, 813 S.W.2d at 739. Any exception to such holdings is not applicable here. See Beheler
v. State, 3 S.W.3d 182, 187 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1999, pet. ref’d) (noting exceptions). Most
importantly, we find no proof through Hugghins’s testimony that appellant assaulted his girlfriend or
wife. The first point of error is overruled.
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Lehman’s Testimony
In his second point of error, appellant advances the same contention as in the first
point of error, except this time he complains of the testimony of the witness Wayne Lehman. Here
again, appellant contends that the evidence of appellant’s assault upon his wife was “irrelevant and
immaterial.”
Appellant refers us generally to twenty-two pages of the court reporter’s record. He
fails to point out and we have not found where Lehman testified as to any assault upon appellant’s
wife or girlfriend over the objection of “irrelevant and immaterial.” Nothing is presented for review.
See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(h).
Deputy Sheriff Wayne Lehman testified that on the night in question he first went to
the Sundowner Bar where he made a videotape of the scene. Next, he went to the residence on
Inspiring View. When asked what he found at that location, Lehman responded that “there was trash
all over the place.” Appellant’s counsel stated that “Instead of me objecting each time they go into
the condition of the house and all these events after the fact, I’d like to have a standing objection with
the Court just that we object to all that testimony.” The trial court permitted a running objection.
It is upon this running objection that appellant predicates his error.
A “running objection” must, of course, meet the general requirements of a request for
relief. That is, it must be specific and timely and must state with adequate precision
the relief requested and the reasons why the party regards himself entitled to that
relief.
42 George E. Dix & Robert O. Dawson, Criminal Practice and Procedure § 42.31, at 56 (Texas
Practice 1995) (hereinafter Dix).
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Even if granted by the trial court, a running objection may not “encompass too broad
a reach of subject matter over too broad a time or over different witnesses.” Sattiewhite v. State, 786
S.W.2d 271, 283-84 n.4 (Tex. Crim. App. 1989). Whether a running objection will be effective
requires scrutiny of the facts of each case. Dix, § 42.31, at 56. “Even during the testimony of the
same witness, a running objection may be ineffective with regard to testimony concerning subjects
other than that being addressed when the objection was made and granted.” Id. at 57; see also White
v. State, 784 S.W.2d 453, 458-61 (Tex. App.—Tyler 1989, pet. ref’d).
The instant running objection stated no basis nor gave any reason why appellant was
entitled to the relief requested. Moreover, it was addressed to “the condition of the house” and
generally to all the events “after the fact.” If the objection was addressed to an extraneous offense
of assault upon his wife by appellant upon the basis of relevancy, this was not made clear by the
objection. Appellant’s second point of error is overruled.
Post-Arrest Silence
In points of error three and four, appellant claims violations of his constitutional rights
under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution and under article I,
section 10 of the Texas Constitution. He contends that the trial court erred in allowing the State to
impeach him on cross-examination with evidence of his silence after his arrest by peace officers.
Appellant cites Doyle v. Ohio, 426 U.S. 610, 618 (1976), to support his federal constitutional claim
and Sanchez v. State, 707 S.W.2d 575, 577 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986), to support his state
constitutional claim.
Appellant testified in his own behalf. On direct examination, he related that he went
to the Sundowner Bar to meet his wife on the night in question; that his wife was drunk but wanted
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to finish her hamburger; that a large man [complainant] came by and grabbed his wife by the leg and
“was all over her”; that the complainant was told that appellant did not appreciate the complainant’s
conduct; and that as he (appellant) and his wife stood up to leave, he was pushed, hit with a glass,
and was hit and grabbed from behind. Appellant stated that his wife was intoxicated and was on the
floor and people were stepping on her. Under the circumstances, appellant related that to defend
himself and his wife, he pulled a knife, and in the process, cut the complainant without intentionally
trying to cut the man.
The record reflects that after appellant had been taken into custody and twice given
the Miranda2 warnings, appellant voluntarily talked to Deputy Lehman while Lehman videotaped his
remarks. On cross-examination, the prosecutor finally got appellant to admit that in telling Lehman
what happened that night, he (appellant) did not tell Lehman that he (appellant) had been attacked
and had acted in self-defense and in defense of his wife. After further interrogation on the matter,
appellant’s counsel objected to the “line of questioning” as being in violation of appellant’s post-arrest
rights to remain silent after being Mirandized. The objection was overruled. Thereafter, appellant
confirmed that he had not told the officer the story about being attacked.
It is true that the State cannot use the post-arrest silence of an accused against him
at trial to impeach an explanation subsequently offered at trial. Doyle, 426 U.S. at 618; accord
Sanchez, 707 S.W.2d at 582.
A person under arrest is not expected to speak out, so the fact that he does not speak
out when given the opportunity cannot be used to impeach his trial testimony. But
when, as here, he does not invoke his right to remain silent but makes a statement to
the police regarding his involvement in the offense, the fact that the story he gave the
2
See Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
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police differs in significant respects from his trial testimony may be developed and
argued before the jury.
Ewing v. State, 971 S.W.2d 204, 208 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 1998, pet. ref’d); see also Anderson
v. Charles, 447 U.S. 404, 409 (1980) (noting that Doyle not applicable where prosecutor impeaches
accused with his prior inconsistent statement, not his prior invocation of the right against self-
incrimination).
In the instant case, appellant was not being questioned about his post-arrest silence,
but rather was being interrogated about his voluntary post-arrest statements after being Mirandized.
See Reyna v. State, 11 S.W.3d 401, 404 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2000, pet. ref’d. untimely
filed). The State was entitled to question appellant about any potential conflict in his voluntary post-
arrest statements. Id.; Ewing, 971 S.W.2d at 208; Mendoza v. State, 840 S.W.2d 697, 700 (Tex.
App.—Corpus Christi 1992, no pet.). Thus, in order to impeach appellant, the State was properly
permitted to question him about what he had omitted from his prior statements. Montoya v. State,
744 S.W.2d 15, 28 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987).
Moreover, as the State observes, a defendant must make a timely objection at trial in
order to preserve the complaint on appeal. Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(1); Banda v. State, 890 S.W.2d
42, 62 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994). The failure to do so forfeits any right to complain of the trial court’s
action on appeal. Cockrell v. State, 933 S.W.2d 73, 89 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996). Even constitutional
error may be waived by the failure to timely object. See Briggs v. State, 789 S.W.2d 918, 924 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1990). In the instant case, appellant’s objection was not timely. The third and fourth
points of error are overruled.
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Details of Prior Convictions
In the fifth point of error, appellant contends that the trial court erred in allowing the
State to impeach him on cross-examination with evidence of the “details” of his prior convictions
which were inadmissible during the guilt/innocence phase of the trial.
Once a criminal defendant takes the witness stand, he is subject to the same rules as
any other witness and may be cross-examined, impeached, contradicted, made to give evidence
against himself, and treated in every respect as any other witness except where there are overruling
constitutional or statutory provisions. Sanchez, 707 S.W.2d at 577; Lopez v. State, 990 S.W.2d 770,
777 (Tex. App.—Austin 1999, no pet.).
Under Rule 609(a) of the Texas Rules of Evidence, a witness may be impeached as
to his criminal history if the conviction is for a felony or a crime of moral turpitude. Lopez, 990
S.W.2d at 777. An exception to the limitations in Rule 609(a) exists when the witness by his direct
testimony leaves a false impression of any trouble he has had with the police. Muse v. State, 815
S.W.2d 769, 773 (Tex. App.—Waco 1991, no pet.).
In the instant case, on direct examination appellant acknowledged two prior
convictions for a terroristic threat and for unlawfully carrying a weapon. This was an apparent
attempt to get this evidence before the jury prior to its use by the State to impeach. Appellant,
however, did not limit himself to presenting the historical facts of the convictions, which would have
also limited the State. Appellant developed the “details” of both convictions. He testified about a
broken relationship, that the young lady “was extremely upset,” and “called in a bogus threat on me.”
Appellant denied that he held a piece of glass to the complainant’s neck. He reported that he pled
guilty to making a terroristic threat and accepted probation to avoid a trial like he “was going through
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now.” As to the other conviction, appellant stated that he lived and worked in bad neighborhoods
in Dallas; that he obtained the gun for protection; and that the gun was not a large weapon and was
not loaded.
On cross-examination, appellant acknowledged the record evidence of both
convictions on October 22, 1998, which reflected offenses in April and June 1997. The prosecutor
inquired into details of the terroristic threat offense and continued when the defense objection was
overruled. Appellant denied all the inquired-about details, but admitted he pled guilty to the offense
charging him with threatening to kill the complainant with a piece of glass. As to the details of the
unlawfully carrying a weapon offense, appellant admitted that the weapon, a .380 caliber
semiautomatic pistol, possibly had a bullet in the chamber when the police found it on the floorboard
of the car.
“When the accused leaves a false impression during direct examination, he is
commonly said to have ‘opened the door’ to an inquiry by the State as to the veracity of his
testimony.” Turner v. State, 4 S.W.3d 74, 79 (Tex. App. —Waco 1999, no pet.). When on direct
examination, appellant went into the details of his prior convictions leaving the impression that he was
not guilty of one conviction and that the other involved a small unloaded weapon obtained only for
protection, he opened the door for the State to make further inquiry into the details of the prior
convictions. See Turner, 4 S.W.3d at 79. Appellant’s fifth point of error is overruled.
Cumulative Error
In his last point of error, appellant urges “cumulative error” deprived him of a fair trial.
Appellant calls our attention to the previous points of error and cites Chamberlain v. State, 998
S.W.2d 230 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). In Chamberlain, the court wrote:
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It is conceivable that a number of errors may be found harmful in their cumulative
effect. See, e.g., Stahl v. State, 749 S.W.2d 826, 832 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988)
(holding harm lies in the cumulative effect of the outburst and the improper
arguments). But we are aware of no authority holding that non-errors may in their
cumulative effect cause error.
Id. at 238.
The instant case is easily distinguishable from Stahl. Cumulative error has not been
shown here. See Wright v. State, 28 S.W.3d 526, 537 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). The sixth point of
error is overruled.
The judgment is affirmed.
__________________________________________
John F. Onion, Jr., Justice
Before Justices B. A. Smith, Yeakel and Onion*
Affirmed
Filed: March 29, 2001
Do Not Publish
*
Before John F. Onion, Jr. , Presiding Judge (retired), Court of Criminal Appeals, sitting
by assignment. See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 74.003(b) (West 1998).
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