TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-02-00172-CV
Gambling Paraphernalia, Devices, Equipment, and Proceeds, Appellant
v.
The State of Texas, Appellee
NO. 2097, HONORABLE MELTON D. CUDE, JUDGE PRESIDING
The parties submitted to the court an "Agreed Stipulation of Evidence." The parties stipulated to facts that tracked the statutory definition of "gambling devices." See Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 47.01(4)(A), (B) (West Supp. 2003). The stipulation fulfills each element of the forfeiture provisions. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 18.18(b) (West Supp. 2003). In that stipulation, the parties agreed:
It is understood by the parties herein that the following stipulations are not intended to be a statement on the legality or illegality of the seized items. The issue of whether the seized items are legal or illegal is a legal conclusion to be reached by the Court after considering the stipulated evidence and facts.
The parties then stipulated to various facts surrounding the seized items, including an agreement that the money seized was a result of the machines' operations. The parties also stipulated to the manner in which the machines operated. Finally, the parties entered the following stipulation: "That Pete McDonald has requested a jury in this matter and paid the necessary fees and that the jury demand was denied by the judge of this Court." The trial court signed an order accepting the agreed stipulations of evidence: "The Court after considering the Agreed Stipulation of Evidence, and the statements of counsel, is of the opinion that the Agreed Stipulation of Evidence set[s] forth facts that are not in dispute and should be accepted by this Court."
Although appellant preserved error with regard to the denial of a trial by jury, see Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a), appellant nevertheless waived entitlement to a trial by jury through the affirmative act of entering into the stipulations. Parties' stipulations amount to judicial admissions. Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft v. Olson, 21 S.W.3d 707, 718 (Tex. App.--Austin 2000, pet. dism'd w.o.j.), cert. denied, 122 S. Ct. 1960 (2002). By admitting to all of the facts necessary to decide the case, appellant has admitted that there are no disputed facts for a trier of fact to resolve. See Harris County Appraisal Dist. v. Transamerica Container Leasing Inc., 920 S.W.2d 678, 680 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1995, writ denied) (submission to trial court upon agreed stipulation of facts is request by litigants for judgment in accordance with applicable law); State Bar of Texas v. Faubion, 821 S.W.2d 203, 205 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1991, writ denied) (same); see also Halsell v. Dehoyos, 810 S.W.2d 371, 372 (Tex. 1991) (denial of jury trial harmless error if no disputed fact issues exist and instructed verdict would have been justified); Olson v. Texas Commerce Bank, 715 S.W.2d 764, 767 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1986, writ ref'd n.r.e.) (same). With no disputed facts, there is no role for a fact finder. See Crum & Forster, Inc. v. Monsanto Co., 887 S.W.2d 103, 134 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 1994, writ dism'd by agr.) (role of jury is to find facts; role of court is to determine law).
Appellant does not challenge the trial court's legal conclusion that based on the stipulated facts, the items at issue are subject to forfeiture. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 18.18(f) (West Supp. 2003). Accordingly, we overrule appellant's only issue presented and affirm the trial court's judgment.
David Puryear, Justice
Before Chief Justice Aboussie, Justices Patterson and Puryear
Affirmed
Filed: December 19, 2002
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