TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-01-00732-CR
Raymond Navarro, AKA Raynaldo Navarro, Appellant
v.
The State of Texas, Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 147TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. 2010978, HONORABLE WILFORD FLOWERS, JUDGE PRESIDING
After a bench trial, appellant Raynaldo Navarro was convicted of the offense of aggravated
assault and sentenced to twenty-five years= imprisonment. See Tex. Pen. Code Ann. ' 22.02(a) (West
1994).1 In two points of error, Navarro challenges the legal sufficiency of the evidence. We will affirm the
judgment of conviction.
BACKGROUND
1
Because of Navarro=s prior convictions, twenty-five years was the minimum term for which he
could be sentenced if convicted of this offense.
Navarro lived in his aunt=s home with his girlfriend, Mona Lisa Gonzales. One evening in
July 2001, Gonzales was waiting for Navarro to pick her up at the H-E-B grocery store where she had just
finished her work shift. When he failed to arrive on time, she walked to a nearby bus stop. Navarro finally
arrived on foot, drunk, and possibly Ahigh@ on crack cocaine. Gonzales also noticed that Navarro was
wearing a pinky ring that she had never seen before. An argument ensued. Gonzales told Navarro she
wanted to end the relationship; he told her that she was coming home with him. Gonzales began to run in
the direction of the H-E-B store where a police officer was on duty, but Navarro caught up with her before
she got there. Gonzales testified that he grabbed her, shoved her against the wall and choked her, and then
pulled a knife from his pocket and held it against her, yelling that she was going home with him. Employees
inside the store witnessed the assault and called the police. When a store employee notified Gonzales that
the police were on their way, Navarro fled; the police subsequently arrested him at his aunt=s home.
Nichole Postelle, the employee who called the police, testified that she saw something in
Navarro=s hand that looked like either a box cutter or a knife; she did not see precisely what the object
was. The police officers did not find a knife on Navarro when he was arrested and they did not look for
one at the house. Austin Police Department Officer Reginald Parker testified that Gonzales described the
knife to him. Based on that description and his experience, he testified that he considered the knife to be a
deadly weapon. Gonzales testified that after the attack she found the knife under a sofa cushion in the home
of Navarro=s aunt. She testified that she did not think to call the police to let them know she had found it,
and the knife later disappeared.
2
DISCUSSION
In his first point of error, Navarro challenges the legal sufficiency of the evidence.2 In his
second point of error, he contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion for instructed verdict. A
challenge to the trial court=s ruling on a motion for instructed verdict is a challenge to the legal sufficiency of
the evidence. McDuff v. State, 939 S.W.2d 607, 613 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). Accordingly, we will
review both points of error as a single legal sufficiency point. When the court reviews the legal
sufficiency of a verdict, it looks at the relevant evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict
to determine whether a rational finder of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979); Johnson v. State, 23
S.W.3d 1, 7 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). The trier of fact is entitled to resolve any conflicts in the
evidence, to evaluate the credibility of witnesses, and to determine the weight to be given any
particular evidence. See Jones v. State, 944 S.W.2d 642, 647 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996). Any
inconsistencies in the evidence should be resolved in favor of the verdict. Moreno v. State, 755 S.W.2d
866, 867 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988).
2
Navarro does not specify in his brief whether he is challenging the legal or factual sufficiency of the
evidence, but he cites the standard for legal sufficiency only. Moreover, all of the decisions to which he
cites predate Clewis v. State, 922 S.W.2d 126, 129 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996), which recognized factual
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sufficiency as a review standard. Therefore, we will construe his challenge as one of legal sufficiency. See
Kingsbury v. State, 14 S.W.3d 405, 408 (Tex. App.CWaco 2000, no pet.).
4
Navarro contends that because of inconsistencies in the testimony of the State=s
witnesses, no rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a
reasonable doubt. The indictment charged Navarro with aggravated assault by use of a deadly
weapon. The elements of assault are (1) intentionally or knowingly (2) threatening another with
imminent bodily injury. See Tex. Pen. Code Ann. ' 22.01. If a deadly weapon is used or exhibited
during the commission of an assault, a defendant can be convicted of aggravated assault. See id.
' 22.02. Navarro does not identify the specific elements for which he asserts there is insufficient
evidence; rather, he points to certain parts of Gonzales=s testimony that he alleges are inconsistent.
Most of the testimony to which Navarro directs our attention concerns immaterial matters. For
example, Navarro points to Gonzales=s testimony describing the altercation. Gonzales stated that
appellant did not touch her at the bus station but only in front of the auto parts store. When asked
on cross-examination whether Gonzales told him that Navarro grabbed her at the bus stop and in front
of the auto parts store, Officer Parker answered, AI think so.@ Appellant asserts that Gonzales=s
testimony is inconsistent with that of Officer Parker=s. As Gonzales explained, however, she told the
police officer that they began arguing at the bus stop and the altercation continued when Navarro
chased her to an auto parts store. The testimony is not inconsistent with Officer Parker=s recollection
of her description of the events. Moreover, such a detail, even if inconsistent, is immaterial.
Similarly, the fact that Gonzales may have referred to Navarro once as her common law husband and
at another time as her boyfriend is immaterial. The trial judge as the trier of fact was in the best
position to determine the credibility of all of the witnesses.
5
Concerning other Ainconsistencies@ in the testimony of the State=s witnesses, Navarro
notes that Postelle testified that she saw Navarro grab Gonzales=s hair and Athrow her around@ before
he fled the scene, but neither Gonzales nor Officer Parker testified that he did so. The fact that one
witness testified to an additional detail about the events does not make her testimony inconsistent
with that of other witnesses who did not or chose not to include that detail. Moreover, the testimony
does not pertain to an element of the offense.
Finally, Navarro appears to argue that the evidence is legally insufficient to establish
that he used a deadly weapon during the commission of the offense. As noted, the police did not
recover the knife that Navarro allegedly used to threaten Gonzales. Navarro suggests that Gonzales=s
testimony that she found the knife in the couch but failed to alert the police, and that she later lost
the knife around the house, is not credible. Gonzales testified with particularity regarding the knife
that she claimed Navarro used during the assault. She described its color, length, and the way
Navarro held the blade against her body. The store clerk who testified also stated that she saw
Navarro wield something resembling a knife or box cutter. Officer Parker testified that Gonzales told
him that Navarro used a knife during the incident and that she described the knife to him. Based on
this testimony, we conclude that a rational trier of fact could have found beyond a reasonable doubt
that Navarro used a deadly weapon during the assault.3
3
Although appellant does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to prove that the knife was a
deadly weapon, we note that while a knife is not a deadly weapon per se, see Blain v. State, 647 S.W.2d
293, 294 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983),
[t]he State can, without expert testimony, prove a particular knife to be a deadly weapon
by showing its size, shape and sharpness, the manner of its use, or intended use and its
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capacity to produce death or serious bodily injury. In determining the deadliness of a
weapon the jury may consider all of the facts of the case, including words spoken by the
accused.
Tisdale v. State, 686 S.W.2d 110, 111 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984) (citations omitted). In the instant case,
the State introduced evidence by way of the testimony of Gonzales and Officer Parker regarding the
description of the knife, the manner of its use or intended use, and its capacity to cause death or serious
bodily injury. Gonzales testified that the weapon was a pocketknife about three inches in length when
closed and about five inches in length when the blade was exposed. She stated that Navarro held the knife
blade closely against her body and she felt threatened that he would use the knife to stab her. She testified
that Navarro cursed and yelled at her, demanding that she come home with him as he held her against the
wall, and that he Awasn=t in his right mind.@ Officer Parker testified that based on Gonzales=s description of
the knife to him, he felt that the knife was capable of being used as a deadly weapon. The record contains
sufficient evidence that the knife constituted a deadly weapon in this case.
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CONCLUSION
Having overruled Navarro=s points of error, we affirm the judgment.
Bea Ann Smith, Justice
Before Chief Justice Aboussie, Justices B. A. Smith and Yeakel
Affirmed
Filed: August 30, 2002
Do Not Publish
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