TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-01-00351-CR
Lazaro Abalos, Appellant
v.
The State of Texas, Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF HAYS COUNTY, 22ND JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. CR-98-291, HONORABLE STEPHEN W. MANSFIELD, JUDGE PRESIDING
A jury found appellant Lazaro Abalos guilty of indecency with a child by contact. See Tex.
Pen. Code Ann. ' 21.11 (West Supp. 2002). The punishment assessed was imprisonment for seven years,
but on the jury=s recommendation imposition of sentence was suspended and appellant was placed on
community supervision. Appellant complains of error in the charge and in jury selection. We overrule these
contentions and affirm the conviction.
Appellant, a Hays County deputy sheriff assigned to Hays High School, had sexual
intercourse with a sixteen-year-old student. The student testified that she told appellant she was seventeen,
and appellant testified that he believed her. In his first point of error, appellant contends the district court
erred by refusing to instruct the jury that it was a defense to this prosecution that appellant reasonably
believed that the complainant was seventeen years old. See Tex. Pen. Code Ann. ' 8.02 (West 1994)
(mistake of fact defense).
A mistake of fact is a defense to prosecution only if it negates the kind of culpability
required for commission of the offense. Id. In a prosecution for indecency with a child, it is unnecessary for
the State to prove that the defendant knew that the complainant was under the age of seventeen. Johnson
v. State, 967 S.W.2d 848, 850 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998); see Mateo v. State, 935 S.W.2d 512, 514
(Tex. App.CAustin 1996, no pet.) (same holding in prosecution for aggravated sexual assault of child).
Appellant asks us to disregard the holding in Johnson, arguing that the concurring and dissenting opinions in
that case indicate a lack of consensus. A reading of the opinions reflects, however, that the court=s holding
was joined by seven judges; only the two dissenting judges disagreed. We also find no support for
appellant=s position in the presumption that all offenses require a culpable mental state. See Aguirre v.
State, 22 S.W.3d 463, 472 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999); Tex. Pen. Code Ann. ' 6.02(b) (West 1994).
Indecency with a child requires a culpable mental state, but it does not apply to the child=s age for the
reasons explained in Johnson.1
Because it was not necessary for the State to prove that appellant knew that the
complainant was younger than seventeen, appellant=s mistaken belief regarding her age did not negate the
culpability required for the commission of the offense and the defensive instruction was properly refused.
1
The indictment in this cause alleged that appellant Awith intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of
said [appellant], intentionally and knowingly engage[d] in sexual contact with [the complainant], by touching
the genitals of the said [complainant] with the Defendant=s penis, and the said [complainant] was then and
there a child younger than seventeen (17) years and not [appellant=s] spouse.@
2
See Jackson v. State, 889 S.W.2d 615, 617 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 1994, pet. ref=d) (same
holding in prosecution for sexual assault of child). Point of error one is overruled.
Point of error two is related to point one. In it, appellant asserts that the court improperly
commented on the weight of the evidence by instructing the jury that his mistaken belief as to the
complainant=s age was not a defense to prosecution. Appellant did not make this objection in the trial court.
For the reasons stated above, the instruction was a correct statement of the law. Point of error two is
overruled.
Finally, appellant urges that the court erred by granting the State=s challenge for cause to a
prospective juror based on the panelist=s alleged bias against the law. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art.
35.16(b)(3) (West Supp. 2002). The erroneous grant of a State=s challenge for cause will call for reversal
only if the record shows that the error deprived the defendant of a lawfully constituted jury. Jones v. State,
982 S.W.2d 386, 394 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998). Appellant does not allege and the record does not show
that the error, if any, in granting the State=s challenge deprived appellant of a lawful jury. Point of error three
is overruled.
The judgment of conviction is affirmed.
__________________________________________
Jan P. Patterson, Justice
Before Justices Kidd, Patterson and Puryear
Affirmed
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Filed: April 25, 2002
Do Not Publish
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