TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-04-00708-CR
Ernest Pannell, Appellant
v.
The State of Texas, Appellee
FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW NO. 1 OF HAYS COUNTY
NO. 74850, HONORABLE HOWARD WARNER, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
A jury found appellant Ernest Pannell guilty of interfering with public duties. See
Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 38.15 (West Supp. 2005). The court assessed a jail term of 180 days and a
$400 fine, but suspended imposition of sentence and placed appellant on community supervision.
Appellant now contends that there is a material variance between the pleading and the proof, and that
his trial counsel was not afforded the mandatory ten-day preparation period. Finding no error, we
will affirm the conviction.
On September 18, 2003, three Hays County deputies arrived at appellant’s house to
execute a warrant for the arrest of appellant’s son for criminal mischief. Appellant’s conduct led to
the filing in November 2003 of a complaint and information accusing him of hindering
apprehension. See id. § 38.05.1 An attorney was immediately appointed to represent him.
At a pretrial hearing on August 13, 2004, the State announced that it was that day
dismissing the hindering apprehension information and filing a new information accusing appellant
of interfering with public duties. The prosecutor told the court, “I’ve talked to the defense attorney.
He obviously has preparation time in which he may waive it or not waive it as he wants or believes
is in the best interest of his client. At this time he’s indicated he might waive the ten days. . . . I
mean it’s not something like it’s a surprise because he apparently had been told by the prior
prosecutor that had this file that that’s how the State was going to proceed.” Appellant’s counsel
responded, “And we’ve prepared both ways, Your Honor, so we are ready.” To be certain of this,
the trial court then asked counsel if he was ready to go to trial on the new information. Counsel
assured the court that he was. Trial began three days later.
An appointed defense attorney is entitled to a ten-day preparation period, but this
preparation time may be waived in writing or on the record in open court. Tex. Code Crim. Proc.
Ann. art. 1.05(e) (West 2005). In this cause, although the term “waive” was not used, it is clear that
counsel’s statements to the court quoted above were intended as a waiver of the ten-day preparation
period on the new information, and it would needlessly elevate form over substance to hold
otherwise. Moreover, counsel had been appointed eleven months earlier and was admittedly
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The information alleged that appellant harbored or concealed his son, provided him with a
means of avoiding arrest or effecting escape, and warned him of impending discovery or
apprehension.
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prepared for trial on the new information. See Guzman v. State, 521 S.W.2d 267, 270 (Tex. Crim.
App. 1975). Point of error two is overruled.
The information alleged that appellant interfered with a deputy “by arguing . . . and
failing to step aside” while the deputy “was performing a duty or exercising authority imposed or
granted by law; to-wit: investigating a Criminal Mischief case.” Appellant asserts that there is a fatal
variance between the allegation that the deputy was investigating a criminal mischief case and the
evidence that the deputy was serving an arrest warrant for criminal mischief.
Only a material variance between the allegations in the charging instrument and the
proof will render the evidence insufficient to sustain a conviction. Gollihar v. State, 46 S.W.3d 243,
257 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001). Allegations giving rise to immaterial variances may be disregarded.
Id. A variance is material if, as written, the information did not inform the defendant of the charge
against him sufficiently to allow him to prepare an adequate defense, or if prosecution under the
deficient information would subject the defendant to the risk of being prosecuted later for the same
offense. Id.
An arrest may occur in the course of an investigation. Thus, we do not believe that
there necessarily is a variance between the allegation that the deputy was investigating a criminal
mischief case and the proof that he was attempting to serve an arrest warrant for criminal mischief.
Appellant argues that the theory of the case alleged in the information “can be viewed as a surprise,”
but this argument carries little weight in light of counsel’s statement to the court that he was prepared
to try the case “both ways,” that is, under either the old or the new information. Under the
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circumstances, the record does not support the conclusion that the alleged variance denied appellant
an adequate opportunity to prepare a defense.
We also find no basis for appellant’s assertion that “the State could easily make an
attempt to prosecute the appellant for the same crime under different theories.” Because the entire
record, and not just the information, may be used to support a prior conviction claim, we are not
persuaded that the alleged variance will enable the State to prosecute appellant a second time for the
same offense within the meaning of the Double Jeopardy Clause. Id. at 258 (citing United States v.
Apodaca, 843 F.2d 421, 430 n.3 (10th Cir. 1988)). Point of error one is overruled.
The judgment of conviction is affirmed.
__________________________________________
David Puryear, Justice
Before Chief Justice Law, Justices Patterson and Puryear
Affirmed
Filed: May 18, 2006
Do Not Publish
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Ernest Pannell v. State
Combined Opinion