MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-08-00495-CV
RIO GRAND EXPLORATION, L.L.C. & Neil Hinze, Individually,
Appellants
v.
ANJU PRODUCTION, L.L.C.,
Appellee
From the 365th District Court, Zavala County, Texas
Trial Court No. 08-06-11803-ZCVAJA
Honorable Amado J. Abascal, III, Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Rebecca Simmons, Justice
Sitting: Sandee Bryan Marion, Justice
Rebecca Simmons, Justice
Steven C. Hilbig, Justice
Delivered and Filed: March 11, 2009
REVERSED, DISSOLVED, AND REMANDED
Appellants Rio Grand Exploration, L.L.C. and Neil Hinze (collectively Rio Grand)
appeal a temporary injunction prohibiting Rio Grand from operating wells on the Anju
Production, L.L.C. (Anju) leasehold estate and compelling Rio Grand to formally rescind its
right to operate the wells. Without considering the merits of the injunction, we hold the terms of
the temporary injunction do not meet the specificity requirements of Texas Rule of Civil
Procedure 683. As a consequence, the temporary injunction is void. Accordingly, we reverse
04-08-00495-CV
the order, dissolve the temporary injunction, and remand this matter to the trial court for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.
BACKGROUND
This case stems from a conflict over the development of oil and gas from a leasehold
located on the Stuart-Griffin-Perlitz Ranch in Zavala County. Anju sued Rio Grand for damages
based on Rio Grand’s negligence in operating the wells and sought a temporary injunction to
allow Anju to designate a new operator. After a hearing, the trial court granted Anju’s request
and issued a temporary injunction. Rio Grand appeals the granting of the temporary injunction.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
The grant or denial of a temporary injunction is an appealable interlocutory order. TEX.
CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 51.014(a)(4) (Vernon 2008); In re Tex. Natural Res.
Conservation Comm’n, 85 S.W.3d 201, 205 (Tex. 2002). The standard of review for an order
granting or denying a temporary is abuse of discretion. Butnaru v. Ford Motor Co., 84 S.W.3d
198, 204 (Tex. 2002). “A trial court abuses its discretion by issuing a temporary injunction order
that does not comply with the requirements of [R]ule 683.” Indep. Capital Mgmt., L.L.C. v.
Collins, 261 S.W.3d 792, 795 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.) (citing Charter Med. Corp. v.
Miller, 547 S.W.2d 77, 78 (Tex. Civ. App.—Dallas 1977, no writ)).
TEMPORARY INJUNCTION
A. Requirements for a Temporary Injunction
A trial court may grant a temporary injunction if the applicant “plead[s] and prove[s]
three specific elements: (1) a cause of action against the defendant; (2) a probable right to the
relief sought; and (3) a probable, imminent, and irreparable injury in the interim.” Butnaru, 84
S.W.3d at 204. In the order, the trial court must state why it is issuing the order and must “be
specific in terms.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 683 (specifying the form of an injunction); accord State v.
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Cook United, Inc., 464 S.W.2d 105, 106 (Tex. 1971); Univ. Interscholastic League v. Torres,
616 S.W.2d 355, 358 (Tex. Civ. App.—San Antonio 1981, no writ). “The requirements of Rule
683 are mandatory and must be strictly followed.” InterFirst Bank San Felipe, N.A. v. Paz
Const. Co., 715 S.W.2d 640, 641 (Tex. 1986) (per curiam); Collins, 261 S.W.3d at 795. If the
temporary injunction fails to meet Rule 683’s specificity requirement, “the nonconformity
constitutes an abuse of discretion and mandates reversal.” Torres, 616 S.W.2d at 358.
B. Analysis of Temporary Injunction Order
To be valid, the order must give the reasons why the court chose to issue the injunction,
specifically, “why it decided that the applicant would suffer harm, or be endangered by probable
injury” if it did not issue the temporary injunction. Cook United, 464 S.W.2d at 107. Further,
the order’s language must be “specific and legally sufficient.” Torres, 616 S.W.2d at 358. Both
the Torres and Charter Medical cases are instructive here because, in each case, the trial court’s
order was reversed for failing to state the specific reasons for issuing the injunction as required
by Rule 683. In University Interscholastic League v. Torres, the injunction read in relevant part:
The Court further finds that the Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law and that
the Plaintiff, Rodolfo Torres, would suffer irreparable harm if the Defendants (list
is omitted) are not restrained and enjoined . . . .
Torres, 616 S.W.2d at 357. In Charter Medical Corp. v. Miller, the relevant language was
likewise conclusory and insufficient:
Plaintiffs have established by full and satisfactory proof all elements required for
such injunction, including their probable right to recovery and irreparable damage
herein and injury by virtue of the Defendants’ conduct; . . . .
Charter Medical, 547 S.W.2d at 78.
Here, the only part of the trial court’s order that can be construed as stating the reasons
for issuing the injunction reads as follows:
B. That the leasehold, the subject of this suit, as well as the surrounding
surface real estate will be subject to probable irreparable injury and is threatened
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by the current status of the leasehold irrespective of any remedy that may be
available at law; and
C. That there is a clear and present prospective danger to both leasehold and
surface estates which warrants the granting of a temporary injunction.
The only reason given by the trial court for issuing the order is the property “will be
subject to probable irreparable injury [because of] the current status of the leasehold.” This
language is functionally equivalent to Torres’s and Charter Medical’s legally insufficient
phrases. See Torres, 616 S.W.2d at 357; Charter Medical, 547 S.W.2d at 78. Giving reasons
why the order should issue, the Torres order asserted “harm if the Defendants . . . are not
restrained,” Torres, 616 S.W.2d at 357, and the Charter Medical order posited “damage . . . and
injury by virtue of the Defendants’ conduct,” Charter Medical, 547 S.W.2d at 78. Here, the
order is even less specific; it does not expressly identify the defendant’s conduct, it merely warns
of “threatened [injury] by the current status of the leasehold” and a “danger to both leasehold and
surface estates.” We agree with prior decisions that “[t]he specific reasons [for issuing the order]
are to be stated in lieu of mere conclusory statements.” Charter Medical, 547 S.W.2d at 78
(emphasis added); accord Torres, 616 S.W.2d at 358. 1
CONCLUSION
The trial court’s temporary injunction order used conclusory language and did not give
specific reasons why the applicant would be harmed if the injunction did not issue. See Torres,
616 S.W.2d at 357; Charter Medical, 547 S.W.2d at 78. Therefore, we hold that the order’s
language did not meet the specificity requirements of Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 683, the
order and is void. Accordingly, we reverse the order, dissolve the temporary injunction, and
remand this matter to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Rebecca Simmons, Justice
1
See generally Transp. Co. of Tex. v. Robertson Transps., Inc., 152 Tex. 551, 557, 261 S.W.2d 549, 553 (Tex. 1953)
(reciting temporary injunction language that meets Rule 683’s specificity requirement).
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