In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
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No. 06-04-00134-CV
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IN RE:
KURBY DECKER
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Original Mandamus Proceeding
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Before Morriss, C.J., Ross and Carter, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Ross
MEMORANDUM OPINION
          Kurby Decker, an inmate at the Texas Department of CorrectionsâInstitutional Division, has filed a petition for writ of mandamus. Decker's petition contains no supporting clerk's or reporter's record. His petition, however, is related to an appeal currently pending before this Court styled Decker v. Clements, No. 06-04-00118-CV. In the interest of justice, we take judicial notice of the contents of the clerk's record in that companion case. See Tex. R. Evid. 201(b), (c), (f) (discretionary judicial notice of adjudicative facts may be taken at any stage of proceeding).
          In his current petition for writ of mandamus, Decker asks us to order the Honorable John Miller, presiding judge of the 102nd Judicial District Court in Bowie County, Texas, to file written findings of fact and conclusions of law in Decker v. Clements, trial court cause number 04C0762-102. Decker had sued several employees of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for allegedly violating Decker's constitutional rights. On September 30, 2004, the trial court dismissed the lawsuit based on the State Attorney General's motion alleging Decker had failed to (1) include an affidavit relating to his prior inmate litigation as required by Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 14.004 (Vernon 2002), (2) exhaust administrative remedies pursuant to Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 14.005 (Vernon 2002), and (3) attach a certified copy of his trust fund account as required by Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 14.006(f) (Vernon 2002). The trial court's order of dismissal did not contain written findings of fact and conclusions of law. Decker filed a request for written findings of fact and conclusions of law October 13, 2004. Decker then filed a notice of appeal October 22, 2004.
          Mandamus relief is an extraordinary remedy. We will issue a writ of mandamus only when the mandamus record establishes (1) a clear abuse of discretion or the violation of a legally imposed duty, and (2) the absence of a clear and adequate remedy at law. Cantu v. Longoria, 878 S.W.2d 131, 132 (Tex. 1994). "Rules 296 and 297 [of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure] do not require a trial court to make findings of fact and conclusions of law where there has been no trial." Timmons v. Luce, 840 S.W.2d 582, 586 (Tex. App.âTyler 1992, no writ) (referencing Kendrick v. Lynaugh, 804 S.W.2d 153 (Tex. App.âHouston [14th Dist.] 1990, no writ)).
          In this case, the trial court dismissed Decker's lawsuit based on a review of the clerk's record, and without conducting a hearing or receiving evidence. There was no trial. The trial court, therefore, had no duty to file written findings of fact and conclusions of law.
          We deny Decker's petition for writ of mandamus.
                                                                           Donald R. Ross
                                                                           Justice
Date Submitted:Â Â Â Â Â Â December 2, 2004
Date Decided:Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â December 3, 2004
s best interest to be placed outside the home; (2) reasonable efforts were taken to prevent the need to remove the child from the home and make it possible to return home; and (3) the child did not receive the quality of care and level of support and supervision needed to meet the conditions of probation. (8) Tex. Fam. Code Ann. ǧ 54.04(i), 54.05(m) (Vernon 2008); In re J.R.C., 236 S.W.3d 870, 873 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2007, no pet.); see also In re J.P., 136 S.W.3d 629, 630 (Tex. 2004). Thus, we do not disturb a juvenile court's disposition order in the absence of an abuse of discretion. In re K.H., 169 S.W.3d 459, 462 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2005, no pet.); In re K.J.N., 103 S.W.3d 465, 465-66 (Tex. App.--San Antonio 2003, no pet.); In re A.E.E., 89 S.W.3d 250, 256 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2002, no pet.).
An abuse of discretion occurs when a trial court acts arbitrarily, unreasonably, or without reference to guiding rules and principles. In re M.A., 198 S.W.3d 388, 391 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2006, no pet.). This standard requires that we "view the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court's ruling," affording almost total deference to findings of historical facts that are supported by the record. In re J.G., 195 S.W.3d 161, 187 (Tex. App.--San Antonio 2006, no pet.). When the resolution of factual issues does not turn on an evaluation of credibility or demeanor, we review de novo the trial court's determination of the applicable law, as well as its application to the facts. Id. A trial court does not abuse its discretion if some evidence supports its decision. Furr's Supermarkets, Inc. v. Bethune, 53 S.W.3d 375, 379 (Tex. 2001); see also Estrello v. Elboar, 965 S.W.2d 754, 758 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 1998, no pet.); Holley v. Holley, 864 S.W.2d 703, 706 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1993, writ denied).
III. Analysis
A. Ineffective Assistance Allegation
J.T.B. first contends his counsel was ineffective because he failed to object to hearsay evidence. J.T.B. bears the burden of proof on this matter by a preponderance of the evidence. Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808, 813 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999); see Goodspeed v. State, 187 S.W.3d 390, 392 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). Any allegation of his counsel's ineffectiveness must be firmly founded in the record. Goodspeed, 187 S.W.3d at 392; Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 813; Cannon v. State, 668 S.W.2d 401, 403 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984).
We apply the two-pronged Strickland test handed down by the United States Supreme Court to determine whether J.T.B. received ineffective assistance of counsel. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984). The first prong requires J.T.B. to show counsel's performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness when considering prevailing professional norms. Id. at 687-88. To meet the second prong of the Strickland test, J.T.B. must show that the deficient performance damaged his defense such that there is a reasonable probability the result of the trial would have been different. Id.; Tong v. State, 25 S.W.3d 707, 712 (Tex. Crim App. 2000). Failure to satisfy either prong of the Strickland test is fatal. Jaubert v. State, 74 S.W.3d 1, 9 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). Thus, we need not examine both Strickland prongs if one cannot be met. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697.
J.T.B. complains that trial counsel did not object to the testimony of Officer Anthony Forson concerning the October 8, 2008, incident at the muffler shop when Forson testified Officer Eric Dawes told him that he thought J.T.B. was in possession of tobacco products. It is not clear that this evidence is hearsay. A police officer's testimony is not hearsay when it is offered for the purpose of explaining how a defendant became a suspect, rather than for the truth of the matter asserted. Dinkins v. State, 894 S.W.2d 330, 347 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995). In addition, an officer's testimony is not hearsay when it is admitted, not for the truth, but to establish the course of events and circumstances leading to a defendant's arrest. Thornton v. State, 994 S.W.2d 845, 854 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 1999, pet. ref'd) (citing Reed v. State, 794 S.W.2d 806, 809 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1990, pet. ref'd)). Additionally, since J.T.B. admitted possession of tobacco on that date it appears the defense made a strategic decision not to contest this issue. Counsel's performance in this regard was not deficient.
J.T.B. alleges his counsel failed to present evidence that a GPS device placed him at some other location at the time of the incident at Mike's Muffler Shop, but the record shows such evidence was presented by J.T.B. in his testimony. J.T.B. also alleges that counsel was deficient in failing to object to a statement by J.T.B.'s girlfriend at the muffler shop. However, nothing in the record suggests J.T.B.'s sentence was due to a theft allegedly occurring at Mike's Muffler Shop. In fact, the juvenile court did not base its decision to revoke probation based on this allegation. Therefore, as to the incident occurring at the muffler shop, J.T.B. cannot meet the second prong of the Strickland test. In view of this juvenile's extensive delinquency history, there is no indication of a reasonable probability the juvenile court would have imposed a different sentence had counsel objected to this alleged hearsay evidence. From the record, it appears the trial court had already exhausted the lesser alternative sanctions. The trial court aptly observed that J.T.B. had "worn the system out." This point of error is overruled.
B. Specific Reasons for Sentence
J.T.B. next complains that the court's reasons for committing him to TYC are not sufficiently specific. (9) A modification order can provide for commitment to TYC if "(1) the original disposition was for conduct constituting a felony or multiple misdemeanors, and (2) the court finds the child violated a reasonable and lawful order of the court." (10) J.P., 136 S.W.3d at 630-31; see Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 54.05(f) (Vernon 2008). The juvenile court "shall specifically state in the order its reasons for modifying the disposition." Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 54.05(i) (Vernon 2008). The statutory recitals listed in Section 54.05(m) are not, by themselves, specific enough to meet Section 54.05(i) requirements. In re J.T.H., 779 S.W.2d 954, 959 (Tex. App.--Austin 1989, no writ) (discussing Section 54.04). As long as the record supports the specific findings made by the court, its findings will not be disturbed. In re S.A.G., No. 04-06-00503-CV, 2007 WL 748674, at *2 (Tex. App.--San Antonio Mar. 14, 2007, no pet.) (mem. op.) (citing In re E.D., 127 S.W.3d 860, 864 (Tex. App.--Austin 2004, no pet.)). The violation of one condition of probation is sufficient to support a trial court's order modifying a juvenile's disposition. Id. at *3.
In addition to the statutory language and "find[ings] that within the period of probation said child has violated the conditions," the order also stated J.T.B. was "in need of rehabilitation," and modification was required "for the protection of the public and the child." The order also incorporated "Exhibit 1," which stated:
- The child has a history of referrals for violations at school.
- The Department has attempted disposition in the home in the past, and the child continues to commit offenses.
- It does not appear that disposition in the home will have any success in rehabilitating the child.
- The supervision of the parents in the home is not sufficient to prevent the child from his/her admitted gang involvement and repeated offenses.
- The child was previously placed on probation by the Court.
- The child and/or family was previously referred to the following community, court, educational, counseling, or psychological programs: Summer II Program, GPS Monitoring, Intensive Supervision Program, Community Service Restitution, Project Aspect, Why Try, Electronic Monitoring, Prevent Day, Southwest Key RTC and Azleway Boys' Ranch RTC.
- The nature of the offense and/or circumstances in the child's home necessitates removal of the child from the home.
We find the order more than sufficient to meet the requirements of Section 54.05(i).
Thus, if some evidence supports these findings, they cannot be disturbed on appeal. The sufficiency of the evidence to support these findings is not challenged in this appeal. In both its oral pronouncement and written order, the juvenile court found that J.T.B. possessed tobacco as a minor, violated curfew, tested positive for marihuana and benzodiapine, and was unsuccessfully discharged from the Summer II Program. Jacksonville City Judge Pete Menefee brought J.T.B.'s court file and testified he had a pending ticket for minor in possession of tobacco in his court. The curfew violation was supported by Kyle Dezern, employee of the Cherokee County Juvenile Probation Department, who testified that J.T.B.'s GPS monitor confirmed violations on the alleged dates. Terri Arnold, program coordinator for the summer program, testified that he only attended for one day and had to be removed from the program due to inappropriate behavior. J.T.B. also admitted he possessed the tobacco, violated curfew, tested positive for benzodiapine, "might have been dirty" for marihuana, and was discharged from the summer program. Additionally, the trial court took judicial notice of the entire clerk's record, which further supports the additional findings made in Exhibit 1. We find no abuse of discretion in the trial court's judgment.
IV. CONCLUSION
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Jack Carter
Justice
Date Submitted: May 26, 2009
Date Decided: May 27, 2009
1. This case was transferred to this Court from the Twelfth District Court of Appeals in Tyler as a part of the Texas Supreme Court's docket equalization program. We are not aware of any conflict between the precedent of the Tyler Court with precedent of this Court on any issue relevant to this appeal. See Tex. R. App. P. 41.3.
2. The confinement was to be served with the Texas Youth Commission (TYC) with possible transfer to the Texas Department of Criminal Justice-Institutional Division (TDCJ).
3. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 30.02(c)(2) (Vernon 2003).
4. 5. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 30.05 (Vernon Supp. 2008).
6. 7. 8. These statutory findings are included within the appealed order.
9. The bulk of J.T.B.'s argument on this issue complains the order "is unclear specifically what
caused the trial judge to enter the order modifying [J.T.B.'s] probation." We disagree.
10.