NO. 07-01-0131-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL C
JULY 10, 2002
______________________________
IN RE THE ESTATE OF BERNETA W. BIVINS, DECEASED
_________________________________
FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW FOR RANDALL COUNTY;
NO. 13,998; HON. JAMES ANDERSON, PRESIDING
_______________________________
Before QUINN, REAVIS, and JOHNSON, J.J.
Oliver Wilson Bivins (Oliver) appeals from a final summary judgment denying his
contest to the 1991 Will of Berneta W. Bivins (1991 Will). Joseph Batson, Jr. (Batson) had
filed a traditional and “no evidence” motion for summary judgment asking the trial court to
reject and thereby enter summary judgment upon Oliver’s claims of undue influence and
the want of testamentary capacity. 1 The motion was granted, which lead to the execution
of the final judgment at issue. According to Oliver, the trial court erred in granting the
motion and entering summary judgment because genuine issues of material fact existed
regarding the issues of undue influence and the lack of testamentary capacity. We
dismiss in part and affirm in part.
1
Batson previously applied for the probate of the 1991 Will and sought appointment as independent
executor of Berneta’s estate.
2
Standard of Review
The standards of review applicable to traditional and no evidence summary
judgments are well-settled and need little discussion. We cite the parties to Nixon v. Mr.
Property Management Co., 690 S.W.2d 546, 548 (Tex. 1985) and Kimber v. Sideris, 8
S.W.3d 672, 675 (Tex. App.--Amarillo 1999, no pet.) for a general explanation of same.
Lastly, in considering whether the evidence created a material issue of fact, we focus on
the record citations proffered by Oliver in his brief. This is so because we have no duty
to sua sponte scour the four volume appellate record and three complete depositions
contained therein for such evidence. Guthrie v. Suiter, 934 S.W.2d 820, 826 (Tex.
App.–Houston [1 Dist.] 1996, no pet.) (noting that the contestant did not direct the trial
court to the portions of the Darby Suiter deposition upon which he was relying and stating
that the court should not be compelled to sift through a 500-page deposition to search for
evidence supporting the contestant's contentions).
Jurisdiction
Batson, independent executor of the 1991 Will, initially questions the standing of
Oliver to attack the will. Among other things, Oliver questions the validity of the 1990 and
1991 wills executed by Berneta and seeks to enforce another which purports to leave the
bulk of her estate to a particular trust. With regard to the latter, Oliver is a contingent
beneficiary. Being a contingent beneficiary of the trust and because the trust will be the
recipient of properties if he succeeds at bar, Oliver has a justiciable interest granting him
standing to prosecute the suit. Accordingly, we overrule Batson’s contention that no such
standing exists.
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Testamentary Capacity
Through his original pleading attacking probate of the 1991 Will, Oliver contended
that Berneta lacked testamentary capacity to execute the document. However, the issue
was omitted from his “First Amended Opposition to Probate of Will and Issuance of Letters
Testamentary and Application for Probate of Written Will and for Letters Testamentary,”
which document was filed the day before the court convened its hearing upon the motion
for summary judgment. Furthermore, at the hearing and in response to opposing counsel’s
statement that the supposed want of testamentary capacity of Berneta was no longer an
issue, counsel for Oliver stated: “I’ll represent to the Court that’s correct.” So too did
Oliver’s counsel state that “we withdrew [the issue] from the most recent pleadings.” This
representation of Oliver’s counsel to the trial judge coupled with the omission of the claim
from the amended pleading was nothing short of a stipulation of abandonment. See In re
Shaw, 966 S.W.2d 174, 177 (Tex. App.--El Paso 1998, no pet.) (holding the representation
by counsel for the Department of Protective and Regulatory Services to the court that the
department would not be proceeding upon the termination of Jeremiah Worsham’s
parental rights and that it was waiving any termination as to that individual constituted a
stipulation of abandonment). Having abandoned the claim below, it cannot be asserted
on appeal as basis for reversing the summary judgment.2
Undue Influence
2
Because the claim was abandoned, the trial court could only dismiss it. Thompson v. Kirkland, 422
S.W.2d 258, 261 (Tex. Civ. App.--Texarkana 1967, no writ).
4
As previously mentioned, Batson moved for summary judgment on the claim of
undue influence. He contended that Oliver had no evidence to prove that 1) undue
influence existed or was exerted, 2) any purported exertion of influence overpowered
Berneta’s mind at the time the 1991 Will was executed, or 3) Berneta would not have
executed the 1991 Will but for the supposed undue influence. Oliver responded,
contending that genuine questions of material fact existed as to each ground.
As this court has said in the past, before a will may be set aside as a product of
undue influence, the contestant must prove 1) the existence and exertion of an influence,
2) the operation of that influence in a manner that subverts or overpowers the mind of the
testator at the time the will is executed, and 3) the execution of a will which would not have
been executed but for the influence exerted. Estate of Davis, 920 S.W.2d 463, 466 (Tex.
App.--Amarillo 1996, writ denied). Though each element may be established by either
direct or circumstantial evidence, a finding of undue influence may not be based upon
circumstances which are equally consistent with the absence of, or do no more than raise
a mere suspicion of, undue influence. Id. at 466.
Next, in assessing whether influence was exerted or existed, we assess the
opportunities existing to exert influence, the circumstances surrounding the execution of
the testamentary document, the existence of any fraudulent motive on the part of those
purportedly exerting influence, and the evidence, if any, of the testator’s being “habitually
subjected to the control of the party accused.” Id. (citing Rothermel v. Duncan, 369
S.W.2d at 923). However, it is not enough to simply show opportunity and motive to exert
influence. Id. Rather, there must be some proof not only that influence was present but
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also that it was in fact exerted with respect to the execution of the testamentary document.
Id. Moreover, one may lawfully request or attempt to persuade another to execute a
favorable will, but unless those requests or attempts at persuasion are shown to be so
excessive as to subvert the mind of the testator, they do not suffice to render the
instrument invalid. Id.
Next, in assessing the second element mentioned above, the focus lies upon the
testator’s mental and physical capacity to resist. Rothermel v. Duncan, 369 S.W.2d at
923; Estate of Davis, 920 S.W.2d at 466-67. This obligates us to examine the state of
mind of the testator and determine whether it was subverted or overpowered at the time
the will was executed. Estate of Davis, 920 S.W.2d at 467. With this said, we turn to the
matter before us.
Though Oliver cited to the record, none of the citations were to evidence illustrating
that anyone ever attempted to persuade or induce Berneta to dispose of her property at
her death in a particular manner. Nor did our own review of the record uncover any such
evidence. Rather, we were directed to and found evidence of the familial and business
relationship between Berneta, Batson, and other family members. Moreover, evidence
indicated that Batson, either individually or as president of a corporation, acted as general
partner of a family limited partnership in which Batson, Berneta, and Mary Miles Batson
each owned a one-third interest. It also illustrated that several individuals who worked for
either Batson, his corporation or the limited partnership 1) were longtime acquaintances
of Batson, Berneta and the family in general, 2) provided accounting, personal assistance,
and financial management services to Berneta and other family members, 3) allowed their
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offices to be used by Berneta when she would arrive at the office building, 4) referred
Berneta to attorneys or law firms which also provided legal services to the partnership or
corporation, 5) were apparently told by Berneta to whom she intended to bequeath
portions of her estate, 6) received and stored Berneta’s 1991 Will in the business’ fireproof
storage cabinet along with the wills of others related to the business or partnership, 7)
arranged for employees of the limited or general partnership to witness the execution of
Berneta’s will, and 8) attempted to implement (along with Batson) recommendations
received by financial advisers or consultants regarding estate planning viz Berneta’s
property.
Concerning the purported recommendations about estate planning, they were
allegedly 1) received from the accountants or consultants familiar with the financial affairs
of the partnership and its members, 2) discussed among Batson and Berneta’s financial
manager, and 3) then proposed to Berneta. Whether she accepted or rejected them is
unknown.3 Their general content is unknown. Whether they pertained to the manner in
which she was to dispose of her estate upon her death is unknown, though one
3
Oliver states in his brief that “all of the estate planning recommendations made by the accountants
and lawyers were approved by [Batson] and were implemented by Appellee’s employee, Mike Floyd.”
(Emphasis added). However, the record reference cited in support of the statement disclosed that Batson
“would review the recommendations, and through Mike [Floyd] we would try and implement those
recommendations.” As can be seen, Batson did not state that “all” recommendations were implemented.
Nor did he refer to the quantity of recommendations which were. Nor did he say that any involved the 1991
Will or its terms. He simply mentioned that they would “try” to implement them, with the assistance of
Berneta’s financial manager, Mike Floyd. So too does the record fail to support Oliver’s statement that the
“estate planning decisions made by Appellee were in direct contravention to Decedent’s irrevocable trust,”
i.e. the trust which Oliver purports to enforce herein. Simply put, since the record fails to describe the tenor
of the “estate planning decisions” allegedly made, it can hardly be inferred that they “were in direct
contravention . . . to [the] . . . trust.”
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conversation apparently related to the disposition of her house inter vivos.4 Whether they
dealt with specific bequests of property to specific individuals is unknown. In other words,
the evidence of estate planning about which Oliver alluded was quite oblique and hardly
indicative of an effort to compel Berneta to bequeath her property as she did via the 1991
Will.
Nonetheless, one of the employees charged with assisting Berneta in the
management of her financial and personal affairs (Propst) recalled a conversation with her
on the subject of the 1991 Will. According to him, she called him and expressed her desire
to leave her estate to Mary Miles Batson and to Batson (Berneta’s daughter and grandson,
respectively). Nothing was said about Propst questioning her about her comment. Nor did
he say that he in anyway induced or influenced her decision. Rather, he stated that aside
from relaying this information to Berneta’s attorney, he did not assist in the preparation of
the 1991 Will.
Moreover, when the 1991 Will was executed, it was done at the offices of the
partnership. When Berneta arrived, after being told that her attorney (Pinson) would meet
her at the facility, all were excluded from the room save for Berneta and her attorney.
Though Pinson worked for a firm and another attorney in that firm had provided legal
counseling to Batson and others in the partnership, the evidence does not indicate that
anyone involved had a previous attorney / client relationship with Pinson prior to execution
4
This particular discussion apparently occurred in 1992, after the 1991 Will was executed, because
that is when the transaction occurred.
8
of the 1991 Will.5 Furthermore, after Pinson and Berneta met alone, an employee of the
corporation or partnership was told to obtain individuals to witness the execution of the
document. The witnesses were then garnered from those individuals present at the facility.
Finally, Oliver cites us to nothing of record, nor did our review of the record uncover
anything, indicating that anyone other that Berneta, Propst, and Pinson discussed the
1991 Will and its terms. And to the extent that they were discussed with Propst , the
discussion simply involved Berneta telling him how she wanted to dispose of her estate
as previously mentioned.
In short, what we have before us regarding the first element in the claim of undue
influence is evidence of opportunity to influence. But, opportunity is not enough. Estate
of Davis, 920 S.W.2d at 466. Nor does it permit one to rationally infer that any influence
was exerted with regard to the development and execution of the 1991 Will. At best, the
record before us, when read in a light most favorable to the non-movant Oliver, depicts
circumstances which are equally consistent with the absence of, or do no more than raise
a mere suspicion of, undue influence. To quote from our opinion in the Estate of Davis,
evidence that influence was “‘in fact exerted with respect to the making of the [1991]
testament itself’ . . . is simply lacking here.” Estate of Davis, 920 S.W.2d at 466
(emphasis in original) (quoting Rothermel v. Duncan, 369 S.W.2d at 923).
5
Batson later hired Pinson in 1995 or 1998 to draft his will. Furthermore, Batson did not recall ever
meeting Pinson prior to that time. This is of import because Oliver stated in his brief that “the lawyers and
accountants used to do Decedent’s estate planning were chosen by [Batson], who is the beneficiary of the
Wills.” To the extent that Berneta executed her will in September of 1991 and Batson had not met Pinson
until sometime in 1995 or 1998, the utterance that Batson chose Pinson to draft his grandmother’s will is
quite suspect.
9
Since there exists no evidence that influence was exerted, summary judgment upon
the claim of undue influence was proper. Accordingly, we dismiss those issues on the
appeal wherein Oliver contends that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment
because questions of fact existed regarding the testamentary capacity of Berneta. In all
other things, we affirm the judgment entered below.
Brian Quinn
Justice
Do not publish.
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