IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL E
SEPTEMBER 29, 2005
______________________________
AMERICAN HOME ASSURANCE COMPANY, APPELLANT
v.
EDWARD VAUGHN, APPELLEE
_________________________________
FROM THE 251ST DISTRICT COURT OF RANDALL COUNTY;
NO. 52,395-C; HON. PATRICK A. PIRTLE, PRESIDING
_______________________________
Before QUINN, C.J., REAVIS, J., and BOYD, S.J. (1)
MEMORANDUM OPINION
In this appeal, appellant American Home Assurance Company (American) challenges the trial court's award of attorney's fees to appellee Edward Vaughn. Disagreeing that reversal is required, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
In presenting its appeal, American presents one issue for our decision. In that issue, it asks whether the trial court erred in granting Vaughn's first amended application for attorney's fees and, in doing so, found that Vaughn was a "prevailing party" within the purview of section 408.221(c) of the Texas Labor Code.
Background
The operative facts in this appeal are essentially uncontested. This matter arises from a disputed claim for workers' compensation. Vaughn filed a claim with American, the workers' compensation insurer of Vaughn's employer, seeking recovery for an injury he asserted entitled him to the recovery of workers' compensation benefits. American disputed the claim and the matter proceeded to hearing before a Texas Workers' Compensation Commission (TWCC) officer. After the hearing, the hearing officer issued a decision finding that Vaughn had suffered a compensable injury. American filed an administrative appeal from that decision but it was affirmed by a TWCC appeals panel. Having exhausted its remedies before the TWCC, on January 29, 2003, American filed a petition in the trial court seeking a judicial review of the matter. Vaughn answered the suit with a general denial.
Prior to the trial of the case, on December 12, 2003, some ten months after it filed its suit, American filed its Notice of Nonsuit, and a nonsuit was granted by the trial court on December 22, 2003. However, prior to the granting of the nonsuit, on December 18, 2003, Vaughn had filed a motion seeking the assessment of attorney's fees on the basis that he was the "prevailing party" within the purview of section 408.221(c) of the Texas Labor Code and, on May 25, 2004, filed an amended motion seeking attorney's fees. On June 4, 2004, that motion was granted by the trial court and attorney's fees were awarded to Vaughn. Hence, this appeal by American.
Standard of Review
Statutory construction is a question of law, and we review the trial court's action de novo. Johnson v. City of Fort Worth, 774 S.W.2d 653, 656 (Tex. 1989). The primary goal in statutory construction is to ascertain and give effect to the legislature's intent, the evil, and the remedy. Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 312.005 (Vernon 2005). In ascertaining the legislative intent, we should liberally construe these workers' compensation provisions in favor of injured workers. Kroger Co. v. Keng, 23 S.W.3d 347, 349 (Tex. 2000).
Discussion
In pertinent part, section 408.221(c) provides:
An insurance carrier that seeks judicial review under Subchapter G, Chapter 410, of a final decision of a commission appeals panel regarding compensability or eligibility for, or the amount of, income or death benefits is liable for reasonable and necessary attorney's fees as provided by Subsection (d) incurred by the claimant as a result of the insurance carrier's appeal if the claimant prevails on an issue on which judicial review is sought by the insurance carrier in accordance with the limitation of issues contained in Section 410.302. . . . [Emphasis added.]
Tex. Lab. Code Ann. § 408.221(c) (Vernon Supp. 2004-2005).
The concept of "prevailing party" is not defined in the statute. However, the concept has been defined in other contexts as when "one of the parties to a suit . . . successfully prosecutes the action or successfully defends against it, prevailing on the main issue, even though not to the extent of its original contention." City of Amarillo v. Glick, 991 S.W.2d 14, 17 (Tex. App.-Amarillo 1997, pet. denied) quoting F.D.I.C. v. Graham, 882 S.W.2d 890, 900 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1994, no writ). Whether a party "prevails" should be based upon success on the merits, rather than whether damages are awarded. City of Amarillo v. Glick, 991 S.W.2d at 17; Scholl v. Home Owners Warranty Corp., 810 S.W.2d 464, 468 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 1991, no writ).
American contends that because of its nonsuit, Vaughn could not, and did not, obtain a favorable judgment on the merits, and therefore, was not, and could not be, the "prevailing party" in the suit it filed. See generally Cigna Ins. Co. of Tex. v. Middleton, 63 S.W.3d 901, 903 (Tex. App.-Eastland 2001, pet. denied); see also Buckhannon Bd. & Care Home, Inc. v. West Virginia Dep't of Health & Human Resources, 532 U.S. 598, 605, 121 S. Ct. 1835, 1840-41, 149 L. Ed. 2d 855 (2001). That being so, it reasons, the trial court reversibly erred in concluding otherwise and awarding Vaughn attorney's fees under section 408.221(c).
In supporting that proposition, American places considerable reliance upon the court's reasoning in Cigna Ins. Co. In that case, the court held that because the claim made by the plaintiff had been settled, the claimant was not the "prevailing party" within the terms of the statute and reversed the trial court's award of attorney's fees to the claimant. However, the facts in that case are distinguishable from those before us. In reaching its decision, the court noted that both the insurance company and the claimant had settled and nonsuited their claims. That being true, the court reasoned, there "were no remaining issues upon which Middleton [the worker claimant] could prevail." Cigna Ins. Co. of Tex. v. Middleton, 63 S.W.3d at 903. That is not true in the case before us.
In this case, Vaughn had received a legal determination from the TWCC hearing officer that was affirmed by an appeals panel and was binding upon American during the pendency of an appeal. See Tex. Lab. Code Ann. §410.205(b) (Vernon Supp. 2004-2005). Upon American's nonsuit, the TWCC appeal panel's decision became final and received the imprimatur of the trial court marking the end of any further appeal on the issue of compensability. See id. § 410.205(a). Even though the trial court did not render a judgment on the merits of the case, the effect of American's nonsuit was to make TWCC's decision in favor of Vaughn final and enforceable. That being so, Vaughn was the "prevailing party" within the purview of the statute.
Further, although the general rule is that the workers' compensation claimant's attorney's fees are paid out of the claimant's recovery, from our examination of the statute, it appears that the intent of the legislature was to ensure that if the insurance company appealed an award, thereby delaying the payment of benefits to an injured worker, it ran the risk of having to pay the worker's attorney's fees. There is another valid reason for the statute. While a worker is not required to have an attorney represent him or her in TWCC proceedings, in an appeal to the district court, he must obtain an attorney or run the risk of representing himself with the pitfalls that await a non-legally trained participant in a court of record. In the affidavit attached to his amended motion seeking attorney's fees, Vaughn's counsel states the activities he undertook after he began representing Vaughn. The trial court was within its discretion in determining these were made necessary by the filing of the appeal from the TWCC ruling.
American's issue is overruled and the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
John T. Boyd
Senior Justice
NO. 07-04-0349-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL E
SEPTEMBER 29, 2005
______________________________
AMERICAN HOME ASSURANCE COMPANY,
Appellant
v.
EDWARD VAUGHN,
Appellee
_________________________________
FROM THE 251st DISTRICT COURT OF RANDALL COUNTY;
NO. 52,395-C; HON. PATRICK A. PIRTLE, PRESIDING
_______________________________
Before QUINN, C.J., REAVIS, J., and BOYD, S.J. (2)
Concurring OpinionI concur with the majority but write separately to explain that the majority's decision also follows analogous precedent. We have recognized that of the many statutes and rules which may entitle a prevailing party to recover attorney's fees, the analysis applied has been uniform. City of Amarillo v. Glick, 991 S.W.2d 14, 17 (Tex. App.-Amarillo 1997, no pet.) (dealing with the recovery of fees under §143.015(c) of the Local Government Code). Furthermore, included among the category of statutes and rules alluded to in City of Amarillo is Rule 131 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, and though it speaks in terms of a "successful party," the definition accorded that phrase is the same one accorded the term "prevailing party." Id. So, given the uniformity of definition utilized throughout the differing bodies of law, it seems only logical that opinions implicating Rule 131 would be authoritative when deciding whether a party prevailed under §408.221(c) of the Texas Labor Code. After all, they encompass the same concept.
Next, it consistently has been held that the beneficiary of a non-suit, e.g., the defendant when a plaintiff files a non-suit, is the prevailing or successful party for purposes of Rule 131. City of Houston v. Woods, 138 S.W.3d 574, 581 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, no pet.); Harris v. Shotwell, 490 S.W.2d 860, 861 (Tex. App.-Fort Worth 1973, no writ); Reed v. State, 78 S.W.2d 254, 256 (Tex. App.-Austin 1935, writ dism'd). If we are to retain the uniformity spoken of above, then we cannot but conclude that Edward Vaughn was the successful or prevailing party here when American Home Assurance Company filed its non-suit.
Brian Quinn
Chief Justice
1. John T. Boyd, Chief Justice (Ret.), Seventh Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment. Tex. Gov't Code Ann. §75.002(a)(1) (Vernon Supp. 2004).
2. John T. Boyd, Chief Justice (Ret.), Seventh Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment. Tex. Gov't Code Ann. §75.002(a)(1) (Vernon Supp. 2004).