IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL E
NOVEMBER 14, 2006
______________________________
IN THE INTEREST OF K.C.B., A CHILD _________________________________
FROM THE 100TH DISTRICT COURT OF COLLINGSWORTH COUNTY;
NO. 6951; HONORABLE PHIL VANDERPOOL, JUDGE _______________________________
Before CAMPBELL and HANCOCK, JJ., and REAVIS, S.J. (1)
ON JOINT MOTION TO WITHDRAW MANDATE AND SUBSTITUTE OPINIONBy opinion dated September 8, 2006, the Court granted appellant Angela Melton's motion to dismiss her appeal from the trial court's order terminating her parental rights. We issued our judgment and mandate that same date. Now pending before the Court is a Joint Motion to Withdraw Mandate and Substitute Opinion filed by Dale A. Rabe, Jr., K.C.B.'s attorney/guardian ad litem, joined by the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services. Melton opposes the motion, which was filed October 30, 2006.
As its name implies, the Joint Motion requests that we withdraw our mandate, "review and amend" our September 8 opinion and reissue our mandate. The Joint Motion states that Rabe and the Department do not oppose dismissal of the appeal, but they disagree with the reason for dismissal stated in our opinion. The movants cite Rules 18.7, 19.1 and 19.2 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Our plenary power over our judgment expired on November 7, 2006, while the Joint Motion was pending. Rule 18.7 provides for a recall of mandate if the appellate court vacates or modifies a prior judgment. Our authority to vacate or modify a judgment, however, is limited to the period in which we have plenary power. See Tex. R. App. P. 19.3. Albeit Rule 19.3(b) permits a recall of mandate even after expiration of plenary power, we see no reason to do so under these circumstances. Consequently, we deny that portion of the Joint Motion requesting that mandate be recalled. We are without authority to address the remainder of the motion, and express no opinion on the merits of the contention made in it.
It is so ordered.
Per Curiam
1. Don H. Reavis, Justice (Ret.), Seventh Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment.
otion to suppress is reviewed for abuse of discretion. Oles v. State, 993 S.W.2d 103, 106 (Tex.Cr.App. 1999). We apply a bifurcated standard of review giving almost total deference to the court's determination of historical facts and reviewing de novo its application of the law of search and seizure to those facts. State v. Ross, 32 S.W.3d 853, 856 (Tex.Cr.App. 2000). The evidence should be viewed in the light most favorable to the court's ruling. State v. Ballard, 987 S.W.2d 889, 891 (Tex.Cr.App. 1999). In a suppression hearing the trial court is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. Id. at 855.
Appellant's sole point contention is abuse of discretion by the trial court in denying his motion to suppress because (1) there were no articulable facts supporting his detention after the initial purpose of the stop was complete, and (2) the State failed to prove his consent to search was voluntary. We disagree. Officer Mills testified that when appellant was asked about the driver's license in the console of the vehicle, he became nervous, had quivering lips, and avoided eye contact with him. Nervous, evasive behavior is a factor to consider in determining reasonable suspicion for a Terry stop. (1) Balentine v. State, 71 S.W.3d 763, 769 (Tex.Cr.App. 2002) citing Illinois v. Wardlow, 528 U.S. 119, 124, 120 S. Ct. 673, 145 L. Ed. 2d 570 (2000). Given the totality of the circumstances, appellant's behavior and the fact that he was in possession of a Louisiana document bearing another individual's name constituted articulable facts upon which Mills could have concluded that appellant was engaged in criminal activity.
Officer Mills testified that when he asked appellant for consent to search the vehicle, appellant replied he had "no problem." Appellant testified that when he gave consent to search, he assumed only the inside of the vehicle would be subject to search. He added that only after the contraband was discovered did he ask the officers to discontinue the search.
Voluntariness to search is a question of fact to be determined from all the circumstances. Ohio v. Robinette, 519 U.S. 33, 40, 117 S. Ct. 417, 136 L. Ed. 2d 347 (1996); Carmouche v. State, 10 S.W.3d 323, 331 (Tex.Cr.App. 2000). When the State relies on consent to search, the burden is on the prosecution to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the consent was freely and voluntarily given. Reasor v. State, 12 S.W.3d 813, 818 (Tex.Cr.App. 2000). Further, when the scope of the search is disputed, it is measured by objective reasonableness, i.e., what the typical reasonable person would have understood by the exchange between the officer and the suspect. Florida v. Jimeno, 500 U.S. 248, 251, 111 S. Ct. 1801, 114 L. Ed. 2d 297 (1991); Simpson v. State, 29 S.W.3d 324, 329 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet. ref'd). Although both Mills and appellant testified that appellant was not informed he did not have to consent to the search, such warning is not required nor essential. Meeks v. State, 692 S.W.2d 504, 510 (Tex.Cr.App. 1985). Further, an officer's failure to give such a warning is only probative on the issue of voluntariness, not determinative. Id.
Unless an officer's request or a suspect's consent limits a search to a particular area of a vehicle, the search reasonably includes all areas of the vehicle and excludes none. Simpson, 29 S.W.3d at 330. In the instant case, neither Mills's request nor appellant's consent limited the scope of the search. Appellant mistakenly assumed only the inside of the vehicle would be searched. Based on the evidence presented at the hearing, we conclude the State established appellant's consent to the search by clear and convincing evidence. A search following a legitimate traffic stop carried out with a suspect's consent is reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. Armendariz v. State, No. 0070-02, 2003 Tex.Cr.App. LEXIS 924, at * 7 (Tex.Cr.App. Dec. 10, 2003). Thus, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to suppress. Appellant's sole point of error is overruled.
Accordingly, the judgments of the trial court are affirmed.
Don H. Reavis
Justice
Do not publish.
1. Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S. Ct. 1868, 20 L. Ed. 2d 889 (1968).