NO. 07-07-0331-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL A
SEPTEMBER 30, 2008
______________________________
MICHAEL SCOTT, TDCJ NO. 683064, APPELLANT
v.
RICHARD PHILLIPS, ET AL., APPELLEES
_________________________________
FROM THE 251st DISTRICT COURT OF POTTER COUNTY;
NO. 93,764-C; HON. ANA ESTEVEZ, PRESIDING
_______________________________
Before CAMPBELL and HANCOCK and PIRTLE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Michael Scott, appeals from an order dismissing his pro se, in forma
pauperis suit under Chapter 14 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. We
affirm.
Scott is an inmate at the Tennessee Colony Unit of the Texas Department of
Criminal Justice, Institutional Division (hereinafter, “TDCJ-ID”). On July 18, 2004, Scott
filed a civil suit in Wichita County, Texas, against Captain Richard Phillips, April Vasquez,
and Lawrence Pattison alleging that they had ordered an unnamed correctional officer to
use a chemical agent against another inmate in an adjoining cell for the purpose of causing
injury to Scott. Appellees answered the petition claiming the affirmative defense of a
correctional officer’s privilege to use force under section 9.53 of the Texas Penal Code.
See TEX . PENAL CODE ANN . § 9.53 (Vernon 2005). On January 7, 2005, Scott filed an
amended petition adding Warden William Walker and Assistant Warden Joe Nunn as
defendants and adding an allegation that the actions of appellees in ordering the
correctional officer to use a chemical agent against the adjoining inmate was done with
malice toward Scott. Because the events giving rise to the lawsuit occurred at the Bill
Clements Unit of the TDCJ-ID located in Potter County, Texas, the case was transferred
to Potter County on September 20, 2005. Appellees filed a motion to dismiss the suit as
frivolous on April 12, 2007. See TEX . CIV. PRAC . & REM . CODE ANN . § 14.003(a)(2) (Vernon
2002).1 Scott did not file any responsive pleadings to the motion to dismiss and, on May
1, 2007, the trial court granted the motion without conducting any hearing.2 Scott
subsequently filed a motion for new trial that was overruled by operation of law. See TEX .
R. CIV. P. 329b(e). This appeal followed.
Scott appeals, by one issue, contending that the trial court abused its discretion in
finding Scott’s petition was frivolous. We affirm.
1
All references to “Chapter 14” will refer to Chapter 14 of the Texas Civil Practice
and Remedies Code. Specific sections of Chapter 14 will be referenced by “§ ___.”
2
The appellees also filed a motion to declare Scott a vexatious litigant, which the
trial court also granted. However, Scott has not appealed this finding.
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Standard of Review
Inmate litigation, except for suits brought under the Family Code, in which the
inmate files an affidavit or unsworn declaration of inability to pay costs is governed by
special procedural rules set forth in Chapter 14. The trial court has broad discretion to
dismiss a lawsuit brought under Chapter 14 as frivolous or malicious. § 14.003(a)(2).
When determining whether a claim is frivolous or malicious, the court may consider that
the claim has no arguable basis in law or in fact. See § 14.003(b)(2). When reviewing a
trial court’s dismissal of an inmate’s claim we apply the abuse of discretion standard. See
Bohannan v. Tex. Bd. of Criminal Justice, 942 S.W.2d 113, 115 (Tex.App.–Austin 1997,
writ denied). A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts without reference to any guiding
rules and principles or when the act is arbitrary and unreasonable. Id. If the trial court
dismisses a claim without a hearing, as in the situation before us, the question becomes
whether the claim has no arguable basis in the law. See Moreland v. Johnson, 95 S.W.3d
392, 394 (Tex.App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.). Thus, we review de novo the
question of whether the trial court properly concluded that Scott had no arguable basis in
law for maintaining his suit. Id.
Discussion
Scott’s lawsuit alleges that the appellees ordering of an unnamed correctional officer
to use a chemical agent on an adjoining inmate was done with a malicious intent to harm
Scott. As such, Scott is attempting to allege the common law cause of action for assault
and battery. See Birdo v. Debose, 819 S.W.2d 212 (Tex.App.–Waco 1991, no writ).
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Additionally, a close reading of Scott’s petition appears to allege that the actions of the
correctional officials amounted to a violation of his civil rights under the Texas Constitution.
The first inquiry we will make is whether there is any cognizable cause of action
under the Texas Constitution for a violation of Scott’s civil rights. Scott has not provided
this Court with any authority nor any argument supporting his claim for relief. Appellees,
however, have correctly pointed out that there is no recognized claim for violation of civil
rights under the Texas Constitution. See City of Beaumont v. Bouillion, 896 S.W.2d 143,
150 (Tex. 1996). Therefore, to the extent that Scott is attempting to allege a private cause
of action for violation of his rights under the Texas Constitution, we affirm the trial court’s
determination that the claim has no arguable basis in the law.
Our next inquiry is directed to Scott’s allegations, contained in his amended petition,
that an unnamed officer was ordered to use a chemical spray against another inmate with
a malicious intent to harm Scott. To determine whether a trial court has properly decided
that there was no arguable basis in law for an inmate’s claims, we examine the types of
relief and causes of action pleaded in the inmate’s petition to determine whether, as a
matter of law, the petition states a cause of action that would authorize relief. See
Spurlock v. Schroedter, 88 S.W.3d 733, 736 (Tex.App.–Texarkana 2002, no pet.). To
have no arguable basis in law, a claim must be based on an indisputably meritless legal
theory or the facts alleged must rise to the level of irrational or wholly incredible. Gill v.
Boyd Distrib. Ctr., 64 S.W.3d 601, 603 (Tex.App.–Texarkana 2001, pet. denied.). Stated
another way, the pleaded facts must not comprise a cause of action. Id. at 604. In the
present case, Scott did not plead any facts to support his alleged cause of action. Scott’s
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bare allegation that the appellees maliciously ordered a correctional officer to assault him,
without any allegation of facts that would allow the trial court to ascertain the basis for
Scott’s cause of action, is insufficient to state a cause of action that would authorize relief.
Accordingly, we cannot say that the trial court’s decision to dismiss Scott’s petition as
frivolous was an abuse of discretion, therefore, we overrule Scott’s issue.
Conclusion
Having overruled Scott’s contentions, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Mackey K. Hancock
Justice
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