COURT OF APPEALS
EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
EL PASO, TEXAS
REFUGIO A. SIAS, )
) No. 08-02-00371-CV
Appellant, )
) Appeal from the
v. )
) 120th District Court
ZENITH INSURANCE COMPANY, )
) of El Paso County, Texas
Appellee. )
) (TC# 2001-2556)
)
MEMORANDUM OPINION
This is a workers= compensation case. Appellant Refugio A. Sias, appearing pro se, appeals from an order granting no-evidence summary judgment in favor of Appellee Zenith Insurance Company. We affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Mr. Sias was injured on the course of his employment in April 1992. Zenith Insurance Company (AZenith@) was the employer=s worker=s compensation carrier. A contested case hearing was held on May 2, 2001, in which the hearing officer determined that Mr. Sias was not entitled to lifetime income benefits (LIBs) based either on an injury to the spine that resulted in the permanent and complete paralysis of both legs or for total loss of use of both legs. Mr. Sias appealed that decision to an appeals panel of the Texas Workers= Compensation Commission (ATWCC@), urging that he was entitled to lifetime income benefits because he had a total loss of use of both legs due to his compensable injury. The Appeals Panel affirmed the hearing officer=s determination, holding there was sufficient evidence to support the finding that Mr. Sias has not lost substantial use of both legs and that the condition of Mr. Sias= legs is not such that he cannot get and keep employment requiring the use of his legs.
On July 9, 2001, Mr. Sias filed suit in the 120th District Court of El Paso County, contesting the TWCC appeals panel=s decision that he was not entitled to lifetime income benefits. On July 16, 2002, Zenith filed a no-evidence motion for summary judgment. In its motion, Zenith alleged that there was no evidence that would entitle Mr. Sias to lifetime income benefits under the Texas Workers= Compensation Act. Specifically, Zenith alleged that there was no evidence that (1) Mr. Sias suffered an injury to the spine that resulted in permanent and complete paralysis of both legs, nor evidence that (2) Mr. Sias= legs no longer possess any substantial utility as members of his body or that the condition of his legs is such that he cannot get and keep employment requiring the use of his legs.
On July 24, 2002, Mr. Sias filed a response to Zenith=s no-evidence motion for summary judgment, but did not attach any summary judgment evidence to his response. Following a hearing, the trial court granted Zenith=s no-evidence motion for summary judgment, entering a final judgment in favor of Zenith, with Mr. Sias taking nothing in this case. Mr. Sias timely filed a notice of appeal on August 29, 2002.
DISCUSSION
On appeal, Mr. Sias raises three issues, contending that the trial court erroneously granted Zenith=s no-evidence motion for summary judgment because: (1) there is no dispute as to the injuries he sustained in the course and scope of his employment nor are there disputed issues concerning medical evidence; (2) there is a right to a trial by jury for all issues regarding compensability of the injury under the Workers= Compensation Act; and (3) under the Texas Constitution the right to a jury trial remains inviolate in civil cases.
Zenith contends, however, that the trial court properly granted summary judgment because Mr. Sias failed to produce summary judgment evidence in his response to their
no-evidence motion for summary judgment. Zenith asserts that the trial court did not abuse its discretion because under Civil Procedure Rule 166a(i), a trial court must grant the no-evidence motion if the non-movant fails to produce summary judgment evidence.
Workers= Compensation Act
Pursuant to Section 410.301(a) of the Texas Labor Code, an aggrieved party may seek judicial review of a decision regarding compensability or eligibility for, or the amount of, income or death benefits under the Workers= Compensation Act. Tex.Lab.Code Ann. ' 410.301(a) (Vernon 1996). In such a case, a trial is limited to those issues decided by the commission appeals panel and on which judicial review is sought. Tex.Lab.Code Ann. ' 410.302. Further, a party must file pleadings which specifically set forth the determinations of the appeals panel by which the party is aggrieved. Id. The disputed issues may be decided by either a jury or bench trial, and the party appealing has the burden of proof by a preponderance of the evidence. See Tex.Lab.Code Ann. '' 410.304, 410.303. Mr. Sias is appealing a decision of the appeals panel regarding his eligibility for lifetime income benefits, therefore in his appeal to the district court, he was required to file pleadings which specifically described the determination of the appeal panel for which he sought review and he bore the burden of proof at trial with respect to the designated issues.
No-Evidence Summary Judgment
Under Rule 166a(i), a party may move for summary judgment if, after adequate time for discovery, there is no evidence of one or more essential elements of a claim or defense on which the nonmovant would have the burden of proof at trial. See Tex.R.Civ.P. 166a(i). The motion must state the elements as to which there is no evidence. See id. Under the no-evidence summary judgment standard, the party with the burden of proof at trial will have the same burden of proof in a summary judgment proceeding. Marsaglia v. University of Texas, El Paso, 22 S.W.3d 1, 3 (Tex.App.--El Paso 1999, pet. denied). The trial court must grant the motion unless the nonmovant produces summary judgment evidence raising a genuine issue of material fact. Tex.R.Civ.P. 166a(i); see Saenz v. Southern Union Gas Co., 999 S.W.2d 490, 493 (Tex.App.--El Paso 1999, pet. denied).
A no-evidence summary judgment is essentially a pretrial directed verdict, and we apply the same legal sufficiency standard in reviewing a no-evidence summary judgment as we apply in reviewing a directed verdict. Marsaglia, 22 S.W.3d at 3. A no-evidence summary judgment is properly granted if the nonmovant fails to bring forth more than a scintilla of probative evidence to raise a genuine issue of material fact as to an essential element on which the nonmovant would have the burden at trial. See id. at 4. Although the non-moving party is not required to marshal its proof, it must present evidence that raises a genuine issue of fact on the challenged elements. See Saenz, 999 S.W.2d at 493-94.
To be eligible for lifetime income benefits, Mr. Sias had the burden in the district court to establish by a preponderance of evidence that either (1) he suffered an injury to the spine that resulted in permanent and complete paralysis of both legs, or (2) that his legs no longer possess any substantial utility as members of his body or that the condition of his legs is such that he cannot get and keep employment requiring the use of his legs.[1] In its no-evidence motion for summary judgment, Zenith asserted that no evidence existed to show that Mr. Sias suffered an injury to the spine that resulted in permanent and complete paralysis of both legs, nor was there evidence that Mr. Sias= legs no longer possess any substantial utility as members of his body or that the condition of his legs is such that he cannot get and keep employment requiring the use of his legs under the Atotal loss of use@ theory.
In his filed response to the motion for summary judgment, Mr. Sias stated that he has total loss of use of his legs from a blow to the spine and suffers with neurological deficits to the upper and lower back with weakness and pain extending and affecting the lower extremities. Mr. Sias alleged that the voice recording from the contested case hearing would prove his statement. To demonstrate that there was evidence raising an issue of fact, Mr. Sias referred the trial court to case law, statutory provisions, and to a voice recording from the contested hearing, in which his doctor allegedly stated medical evidence of his condition that showed his injuries were permanent and total within the meaning of the Texas Workers= Compensation Act. There is nothing in the record to indicate that Mr. Sias attached any summary judgment evidence to support his claims nor does the record show that the evidence referred to in his response was before the trial court at the time the response was submitted.
In Issue One, Mr. Sias asserts that the trial court erroneously granted no-evidence summary judgment because there was no dispute that his injuries were sustained in the course and scope of his employment nor were there disputed issues concerning medical evidence. Mr. Sias directs this Court=s attention to the original petition he filed in the district court, which states the injuries he sustained, the final decision from the commission appeals panel, and the amount in controversy. Mr. Sias argues that the only issue before the trial court was Awhat are the requirements in order to qualify for (LIBS).@ We disagree. As discussed above, the Workers= Compensation Act permits a party to seek judicial review of the commission appeals panel=s decision regarding compensability or eligibility for lifetime income benefits. See Tex.Lab.Code Ann. ' 410.301(a). By challenging the appeals panel=s determinations as to the sufficiency of evidence to support the hearing officer=s finding of ineligibility, Mr. Sias sought judicial review on the limited issue of whether there was evidence to show that Mr. Sias indeed met the eligibility requirements for lifetime income benefits. Pleadings alone do not constitute summary judgment evidence. See Hidalgo v. Surety Savings & Loan Ass=n, 462 S.W.2d 540, 545 (Tex. 1971); Feazell v. Mesa Airlines, Inc., 917 S.W.2d 895, 898 (Tex.App.--Fort Worth 1996, writ denied); Mills v. Rice, 441 S.W.2d 290, 291 (Tex.Civ.App.--El Paso 1969, no writ). As the nonmovant with the burden of proof at trial, Mr. Sias had to present more than a scintilla of probative evidence in order for the trial court to deny Zenith=s no-evidence motion. See Marsaglia, 22 S.W.3d at 4. While Mr. Sias claims that the medical evidence of his injury was not the Aissue@ per se, Mr. Sias should have presented this sort of evidence to the trial court as proof of his claim that his injuries were such that he was entitled to lifetime income benefits under the Workers= Compensation Act.
Within Issue One, Mr. Sias also asserts that Civil Procedure Rule 166a(i) conflicts with Texas Labor Code ' 410.302, Limitation of Issues, because judicial review is limited only to those Aissues@ preserved for appeal by proper presentation at each stage of the administrative review process. Mr. Sias contends that the relevant issue was whether he has to have total and permanent incapacity to qualify for lifetime income benefits. While we observe that Mr. Sias argued in his original petition that as a matter of law, Atotal loss of use@ for purposes of Section 408.161(a)(2) of the Texas Labor Code and Atotal incapacity@ under its precedent, Section 10, art. 8306 are substantially the same, Mr. Sias still had the burden to present evidence that he was eligible for recovery under the theory of Aloss of use@ he asserted was in dispute. Although Section 410.305(a) of the Code provides that the subchapter of the Act pertaining to judicial review controls to the extent that there is a conflict with the Rules of Civil Procedure, Mr. Sias has failed to show that there is such conflict in this case. See Tex.Lab.Code Ann. ' 410.305(a). We overrule Issue One in its entirety.
In Issue Two, Mr. Sias argues that there is a right to a trial by jury for all issues regarding compensability of the injury under the Workers= Compensation Act. Mr. Sias also asserts that when all steps required in the administrative process are fulfilled, as a matter of law there can be no summary judgments in workers compensation cases. It is settled law that in Texas the summary judgment procedure is available in a workers= compensation suit. See Bullock v. Texas Employers Ins. Ass=n, 254 S.W.2d 554, 556 (Tex.Civ.App.--Dallas 1952, writ ref=d); Fowler v. Texas Employers= Ins. Ass=n, 237 S.W.2d 373, 375 (Tex.Civ.App.--Fort Worth 1951, writ ref=d); St. Paul Ins. Co. v. Mefford, 994 S.W.2d 715, 718 (Tex.App.--Dallas 1999, pet. denied). Mr. Sias points to no authorities that contradict this general statement of the law or otherwise support his contentions. Issue Two is overruled.
In Issue Three, Mr. Sias argues that the right to a jury trial remains inviolate in civil cases under the Texas Constitution. In effect, Mr. Sias is alleging that the trial court denied him his right to a jury trial when it granted Zenith=s motion for summary judgment. The Texas Constitution provides, AThe right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate.@ Tex.Const. art. I, ' 15. The right to a jury trial in civil cases is not absolute, but rather is subject to certain procedural rules. Lattrell v. Chrysler Corp., 79 S.W.3d 141, 150 (Tex.App.--Texarkana 2002, pet. denied); Mills, 441 S.W.2d at 292. See also Green v. W.E. Grace Mfg. Co., 422 S.W.2d 723, 725 (Tex. 1968). The function of a summary judgment is not to deprive litigants of a jury trial on the merits of any genuine issue of fact. See St. Paul Ins. Co., 994 S.W.2d at 718. When a party cannot show a material fact issue, there is nothing to submit to a jury, and the grant of summary judgment to the opposing party does not violate the constitutional right to a jury trial. Lattrell, 79 S.W.3d at 150.
In the present case, Mr. Sias failed to present summary judgment evidence to show that there was more than a scintilla of evidence to raise a genuine issue of material fact as to an essential element of his claim for which he would have the burden of proof at trial. Tex.R.Civ.P. 166a(i). Therefore the trial court did not deny Mr. Sias his right to a jury trial. Issue Three is overruled.
Given that Mr. Sias failed to produce summary judgment evidence in response to Zenith=s no-evidence motion for summary judgment, the trial court properly granted no-evidence summary judgment in favor of Zenith. See Tex.R.Civ.P. 166a(i); Marsaglia, 22 S.W.3d at 5.
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
May 22, 2003
DAVID WELLINGTON CHEW, Justice
Before Panel No. 1
Larsen, McClure, and Chew, JJ.
[1] We observe that in his brief, Mr. Sias asserts that he did not claim to be eligible for lifetime income benefits as a result of permanent and complete paralysis of both legs from his spinal injury. However, the TWCC appeals panel decision addressed Mr. Sias= eligibility under Section 408.161(a)(5)(requiring that a spinal injury result in complete paralysis of both legs) and under Section 408.161(a)(2) and (b)(requiring Atotal loss of use@ of both feet at or above the ankle). There seems to be no dispute that the appeals panel=s determination as to Mr. Sias= Atotal loss of use@ theory of recovery was before the district court for judicial review.