COURT OF APPEALS
EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
EL PASO, TEXAS
| MANUEL URRUTIA,
Appellant, v. JOSE A. ALICEA, M.D., Appellee. |
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No. 08-02-00380-CV Appeal from the 41st District Court of El Paso County, Texas (TC# 99-1847) |
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant Manuel Urrutia appeals from the trial court's grant of summary judgment in favor of appellee Jose A. Alicea, M.D. We affirm.Facts
Manuel Urrutia injured himself at work on June 14, 1996. Mr. Urrutia went to see Dr. Jose A. Alicea on July 11, 1996. Dr. Alicea diagnosed the injury as chondromalacia of the patella of traumatic origin or traumatic patellofemoral pain. On August 30, 1996, when Mr. Urrutia did not improve as expected, Dr. Alicea ordered a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) test. The MRI was administered at another medical facility and read by a radiologist, whose reading Alicea relied upon. An affidavit from Dr. Alicea claims that, "It is within the standard of care in this community for a physician of orthopedics to rely on a radiologist reading of an MRI." Dr. Alicea last saw Mr. Urrutia on January 8, 1997.
On June 2, 1997, Mr. Urrutia was diagnosed with a partial quadriceps tear by a Dr. Donald Watson using the same MRI. This appears to be the moment that he became aware of the misdiagnosis. He underwent a quadriceps tendon repair on June or July 18, 1997. William P. Curran, Jr., M.D., offered an affidavit alleging that Dr. Alicea's care of Mr. Urrutia was below the required standard of care and that the "failure to recognize Mr. Urrutia's quadriceps tendon care caused Mr. Urrutia to undergo a prolonged period of nonoperative treatment and subsequent work loss, as well as work modifications." In Dr. Curran's opinion, "Mr. Urrutia had reached maximum medical improvement on February 17, 1998 and had a total body impairment of 5%, which was awarded for residual pain and weakness based on Dr. Xeller's examination."
Mr. Urrutia notified Dr. Alicea of his claim on January 7, 1999. An original petition was filed with the trial court on May 28, 1999. On February 28, 2002, Dr. Alicea filed a motion for summary judgment, claiming the suit was barred by the statute of limitations. Plaintiff responded on March 18 that the statute of limitations was tolled by the fraudulent concealment by Dr. Alicea. He claimed that Dr. Alicea "fraudulently concealed the fact that he failed to disclose to [Mr. Urrutia] that he was negligent in his diagnosis of [his] real physical problem. Clearly, a failure to disclose to [Mr. Urrutia] the fact that he had a partial tear of his quadriceps tendon rather than a knee problem was a negligent act by [Dr. Alicea]." The response also raises the fact that Dr. Alicea had not provided an answer, and thus no discovery had been done in the case. There was an answer provided, however, it was not provided until February 13, 2002. On June 5, 2002, the trial judge granted summary judgment.
Standard of Review
Summary judgment is proper only when the movant shows that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Shah v. Moss, 67 S.W.3d 836, 842 (Tex. 2001); Nixon v. Mr. Property Management Co., 690 S.W.2d 546, 548-49 (Tex. 1985); Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c). A defendant moving for summary judgment on a statute of limitations affirmative defense must prove conclusively that cause of action. Shah, 67 S.W.3d at 842 (citing Velsicol Chemical Corp. v. Winograd, 956 S.W.2d 529, 530 (Tex. 1997)). In reviewing a trial court's decision to grant summary judgment, we resolve all doubts against the movant and view all evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmovants. Id. (citing KPMG Peat Marwick v. Harrison County Hous. Fin. Corp., 988 S.W.2d 746, 748 (Tex. 1999); Lear Siegler, Inc. v. Perez, 819 S.W.2d 470, 471 (Tex. 1991)). In determining whether a disputed material fact issue exists, we take as true evidence favorable to the nonmovant. Id. (citing American Tobacco Co., Inc. v. Grinnell, 951 S.W.2d 420, 425 (Tex. 1997)).
Limitations had expired
In his motion for summary judgment, Dr. Alicea established that the period of limitations had expired by the time suit was filed in this matter. The applicable statute of limitations is found in article 4590i, section 10.01 of the Texas Civil Statutes:
Notwithstanding any other law, no health care liability claim may be commenced unless the action is filed within two years from the occurrence of the breach or tort or from the date the medical or health care treatment that is the subject of the claim or the hospitalization for which the claim is made is completed. . . .
Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 4590i, § 10.01 (Vernon Supp. 2003). Under section 10.01, the statute of limitations begins to run on one of three possible dates: (1) the date of the occurrence of the breach or tort, (2) the date of the health care treatment that is the subject of the claim is completed, or (3) the date of the hospitalization for which the claim is completed. Kimball v. Brothers, 741 S.W.2d 370, 372 (Tex. 1987). In addition, notice of claim to the defendant can toll the statute of limitations "to and including a period of 75 days following the giving of the notice, and this tolling shall apply to all parties and potential parties." Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. 4590i, § 4.01(a), (c) (Vernon Supp. 2003).
Urrutia's petition was not timely filed, even when the latest applicable date is used to calculate the statute of limitations. His final date of treatment with Dr. Alicea was January 8, 1997. Notice of Mr. Urrutia's claim was received at the offices of Dr. Alicea on January 7, 1999. (1) The petition was not filed in the trial court until May 28, 1999. This is well past the expiration of the extended time period for filing a petition.
Fraudulent concealment not established
Because we conclude that Mr. Urrutia did not file suit within the appropriate period of limitations, the decision of the trial court must be upheld unless the record reveals a fact issue regarding fraudulent concealment. Thames v. Dennison, 821 S.W.2d 380, 384 (Tex. App.--Austin 1991, writ denied). Fraudulent concealment is an equitable doctrine of estoppel which estops a defendant from relying on the statute of limitations as an affirmative defense to the plaintiff's claim. Borderlon v. Peck, 661 S.W.2d 907, 908 (Tex. 1983).
Where a defendant is under a duty to make disclosure but fraudulently conceals the existence of a cause of action from the party to whom it belongs, the defendant is estopped from relying on the defense of limitations until the party learns of the right of action or should have learned thereof through the exercise of reasonable diligence. . . . Because the physician-patient relationship is one of trust and confidence, Texas recognizes a duty on the part of the physician to disclose a negligent act or fact that an injury has occurred.
Id. Fraudulent concealment tolls the limitations in a medical negligence case until the patient discovers the fraud or could have discovered the fraud with reasonable diligence. Id. at 909. Proof of fraudulent concealment requires more than evidence that the physician failed to use ordinary care. Earle v. Ratliff, 998 S.W.2d 882, 888 (Tex. 1999). In order to establish fraudulent concealment, the plaintiff must show the health-care provider actually knew a wrong occurred, had a fixed purpose to conceal the wrong, and did conceal the wrong from the patient. Id.
Whereas fraud is a common-law cause of action, fraudulent concealment is a defense or plea in avoidance to the running of limitations. Estate of Fawcett, 55 S.W.3d 214, 219 n.2 (Tex. App.--Eastland 2001, pet. denied). Fraudulent concealment must be pleaded by the plaintiff in a case where the defendant attempts to hide information about the plaintiff's cause of action. Id. This is in line with the general rule that a matter in avoidance of the statute of limitations must be pleaded and proved by the plaintiff in a case. Willis v. Maverick, 760 S.W.2d 642, 647 (Tex. 1988). Urrutia never amended his petition to include this allegation, and thus the matter was waived.
However, even if the matter were not waived, Mr. Urrutia has failed to fulfill the burden to avoid summary judgment. Mr. Urrutia must raise a genuine issue of material fact establishing knowledge and concealment by Dr. Alicea. Mr. Urrutia's response to the motion for summary judgment attempts to liken potentially negligent acts by Dr. Alicea with fraudulent concealment, but does not establish the knowledge or concealment requirements. The appendix of the response has three affidavits: one from Dr. Curran stating that he thinks Dr. Alicea's treatment of Mr. Urrutia fell below the proper standard of care in not properly diagnosing and treating the partial quadriceps tear; one from Dr. Alicea relating his failure to receive the original petition and recounting what happened in the treatment of Mr. Urrutia; and one from Mr. Monty B. Roberson, counsel for Mr. Urrutia, requesting a continuance "to secure a complete copy of Plaintiff's file in order to determine if there is information in the file which would assist Plaintiff in determining whether Defendant was aware of some negligent act that he failed to inform Plaintiff of." None of this information raises a grain of evidence establishing that Dr. Alicea knew a wrong occurred or that he tried to conceal that information from Mr. Urrutia. For this reason, this Court must agree with the judgment of the trial court that no issue of fact suggesting Dr. Alicea fraudulently concealed any wrongdoing is raised.
Lack of discovery
As part of his argument here, Urrutia claims that he was entitled to time for discovery before summary judgment was considered. (2) In his first response to the motion for summary judgment, counsel for Mr. Urrutia properly attaches an affidavit with a motion for continuance. Apparently, this motion was denied. The grant or denial of a motion for continuance is within the sound discretion of the trial court. Roob v. Von Beregshasy, 866 S.W.2d 765, 767 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1993, writ denied). The trial court's ruling will not be disturbed unless the record shows a clear abuse of discretion. Id. (citing Villegas v. Carter, 711 S.W.2d 624, 626 (Tex. 1986)). Of course, the record must be examined to determine whether the decision of the trial judge was an abuse of discretion; however, "[w]ithout a record of the evidence presented to the trial court at the hearing on motion for continuance, we must presume that the evidence supports the ruling." Id. (citing Salley v. Houston Lighting & Power, 801 S.W.2d 230, 232 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1990, writ denied)). We do not have a transcript of that hearing, so we cannot say that the trial judge abused her discretion in refusing the continuance and granting summary judgment. Urrutia's sole point of error is overruled.
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
SUSAN LARSEN, Justice
May 1, 2003
Before Panel No. 3
Barajas, C.J., Larsen, and Chew, JJ.
1. Urrutia did not plead or argue the open courts exception to the two-year statute, nor would that exception help him, as he discovered the misdiagnosis in June 1997, well before limitations expired.
2. In support of this contention, he refers the Court to the cases of Verkin v. Southwest Center One LTD., 784 S.W.2d 92 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1989, writ denied), and "Navell v. Roberts, 88 S.W.2d 402," for this proposition. Navell, as cited, appears to actually be Wavell v. Roberts, 818 S.W.2d 462 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 1991, writ denied).