COURT OF APPEALS
EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
EL PASO, TEXAS
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IN RE: MATTHEW ARDEN, Relator. |
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No. 08-03-00269-CV AN ORIGINAL PROCEEDING IN MANDAMUS |
MEMORANDUM OPINION ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS
Relator, Matthew Arden, asks this Court to issue a writ of mandamus against Respondent, the Honorable William Moody, Judge of the 34th District Court of El Paso County, Texas. For the reasons stated, we conditionally grant the writ.
I. SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE
Real Party in Interest, Gerald Bryan ("Bryan"), sued Relator Matthew Arden ("Arden") asserting negligence following an automobile collision which occurred on February 6, 2001. Bryan suffered physical injuries in the accident after Arden rear-ended his vehicle. At the time of the collision, Bryan's vehicle while driving southbound on Doniphan Road in El Paso, Texas. Immediately upon impact, Bryan's vehicle was hurled into on-coming northbound traffic and ultimately collided head-on with a second vehicle.
Farmers Insurance Group insured Arden. Farmers obtained a recorded statement from Arden through Eric Dahlgren, an insurance adjuster, just two days after the collision. The record shows that the adjuster had 17 years' experience as a claims representative and was familiar with the factors that distinguished cases that would likely advance to litigation from those that would not. The adjuster took Arden's witness statement after it became apparent that the unusual claim would likely proceed to litigation due to the nature of the collision, damages, and injuries involved. In his affidavit, the adjuster stated that he secured Arden's recorded statement, while acting as his representative, for the purpose of obtaining and facilitating his legal representation because he believed that the carrier would owe him a legal defense.
In course of litigation, Bryan requested production of Arden's witness statement and Arden initially refused by asserting the work product privilege within his objections. Consequently, Bryan moved to compel discovery. A hearing on Bryan's motion to compel discovery was held on April 29, 2003. The adjuster's affidavit was the only evidence presented, asserting that the adjuster secured Arden's recorded statement as his representative for the purpose of obtaining and facilitating his legal representation. In turn, Arden moved for a protective order asserting that although witness statements are not work product, such statements can still be protected by the attorney-client communication privilege. On May 16, 2003, the trial court granted the motion to compel production and consequently denied Arden's motion for a protective order to extend the attorney-client privilege to witness statements in anticipation of litigation. The trial court made its decision to compel without taking the opportunity to review the witness statement in camera.
A subsequent hearing was held on June 2, 2003, in which only argument of counsel was presented, and in which the trial court suspended enforcement of its previous order pending resolution of this matter by this mandamus action.
II. DISCUSSION
Mandamus will lie only to correct a clear abuse of discretion. Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 840 (Tex. 1992) (orig. proceeding). Moreover, there must be no other adequate remedy at law. Id. The issue presented in this mandamus proceeding is whether the trial court clearly abused its discretion by compelling the relator to produce the witness statement taken by the insurance adjuster in anticipation of litigation. Relator argues that the trial court clearly abused its discretion by erroneously allowing discovery of the witness statement because it was protected by the attorney-client privilege. On the other hand, Bryan refutes that it is not a clear abuse of discretion to order the production of the relator's witness statement because it was not protected by the attorney-client privilege.
A. Clear Abuse of Discretion
An appellate court rarely interferes with a trial court's exercise of discretion. A clear abuse of discretion warranting correction by mandamus occurs when a court issues a decision which is without basis or guiding principles of law. Johnson v. Fourth Court of Appeals, 700 S.W.2d 916, 917 (Tex. 1985) (orig. proceeding).
In the case at bar, the Relator refused to produce the recorded witness statement requested by asserting protection within the scope of the attorney-client privilege. Relator suggests that the recorded witness statement was secured while the adjuster acted as his representative for the purpose of obtaining and facilitating his legal representation. Relator submitted the adjuster's affidavit as evidence confirming that the adjuster obtained the witness statement from Arden--while acting as his representative--in anticipation of litigation, knowing that the insurance carrier would owe him a legal defense. In addition, the adjuster verified that he procured the witness statement with the purpose of obtaining and facilitating the legal representation the insurance carrier would be required to provide.
A party resisting discovery bears burden of proving any applicable privilege. In re Exxon Mobil Corp., 97 S.W.3d 353, 357 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, no pet.) (orig. proceeding) (citing Huie v. DeShazo, 922 S.W.2d 920, 922 (Tex. 1996). See e.g., Tex. R. Evid. 503(b)(1). To make a prima facie showing of the applicability of a privilege, the party must plead the particular privilege, produce evidence to support privilege through affidavits or testimony, and produce documents for an in camera inspection, if a trial court determines review is necessary. Exxon, 97 S.W.3d at 357 (citing In re Valero Energy Corp., 973 S.W.2d 453, 457 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, no pet.) (orig. proceeding)). Here, the relator has established a prima facie claim of privilege by pleading the attorney-client privilege and producing the adjuster's affidavit necessary to support the contention that the communication between Arden and the adjuster was protected by the attorney-client privilege.
In the instant case, the real party in interest contends that it was not a clear abuse of discretion to order the production of the recorded conversation between the insured and his insurer. Bryan compels this Court to refuse to acknowledge the communication between the insured with his representative as protected by the attorney-client privilege as a matter of law. We decline to do so.
The discovery rules allow a party to obtain discovery of the statement of any person with knowledge of relevant facts--a "witness statement"--regardless of when the statement was made and such statements are not protected by the work-product privilege. In re Fontenot, 13 S.W.3d 111, 113 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 2000, no pet.) (orig. proceeding). See also Tex. R. Civ. P. 192.3(h); Tex. R. Civ. P 192.5(c)(1). Comment Nine to Rule 192, however, instructs that this broad rule applies only to non-privileged statements: "[e]limination of the 'witness statement' exemption does not render all witness statements automatically discoverable but subjects them to the same rules concerning the scope of discovery and privileges applicable to other documents or tangible things." Fontenot, 13 S.W.3d at 113. See also Tex. R. Civ. P. 192.3(h). In Fontenont, the court found that the real party in interest's broad interpretation of the witness-statement rule would render all witness statements discoverable and would effectively abrogate the attorney-client privilege. Fontenot, 13 S.W.3d at 114. The court also held that a witness statement contained within a confidential communication between attorney and client is privileged and protected from discovery. Id. "The attorney-client privilege is one of the oldest privileges recognized by the common law, and we believe that if the Texas Supreme Court had intended to eliminate the attorney-client privilege as it applies to witness statements it would have expressly done so." Id.
In the instant case, Relator suggests that the witness statement is privileged because the adjuster recorded the witness statement while acting as his representative and thus constitutes confidential communications between a client, a client's attorney, and a client's representatives for the purpose of facilitating the rendition of professional legal services to the client. See Tex. R. Evid. 503(b)(1)(B)(D). We agree.
A "representative of the client," for purposes of the attorney-client privilege, is "a person having authority to obtain professional legal services, or to act on advice thereby rendered, on behalf of the client." Fontenot, 13 S.W.3d at 113. See also Tex. R. Evid. 503(a)(2)(A). Under this interpretation, the insurance adjuster's role in recording the witness statements in lieu of the relator's legal defense would reasonably be interpreted as a representative of the client. Therefore, the adjuster's role in collecting Arden's witness statement was as a representative acting with the purpose of obtaining and facilitating Arden's legal representation, rendering their communication protected by the attorney-client privilege. We find that the trial court abused its discretion in ordering production of the witness statement protected by such an attorney-client privilege.
In addition, Bryan argues that Arden failed to timely assert the attorney-client privilege and has therefore waived the complaint. We note that Arden was served with a request for production and a request for disclosure from Bryan on August 14, 2001, along with Bryan's original petition. He was afforded fifty days to file objections and responses to the requests for production. On September 12, 2001, he timely filed his objections to the discovery requests by invoking an invasion of the work product privilege. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 196.2(a)(b). Then, on October 10, 2001, Arden filed responses to Bryan's requests for production, pursuant to Rule 196. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 196.2(a)(b). Id.
The record shows that Arden did not assert protection by the attorney-client privilege until it moved for a protective order following a hearing on April, 29, 2003, over Bryan's motion to compel discovery. Any party who seeks to exclude documents, records, or other matters from the discovery process has the affirmative duty to specifically plead the particular privilege or immunity claimed. In re Leviton Mfg. Co., 1 S.W.3d 898, 900 (Tex. App.--Waco 1999, no pet.). See also Tex. R. Civ. P. 193.4(a) and note 6 to Rule 193; In re Continental Ins. Co., 990 S.W.2d at 942. Moreover, to object to a discovery request, the responding party must make a timely objection in writing and "state specifically the legal or factual basis for the objection and the extent to which the party is refusing to comply with the request." See Tex. R. Civ. P. 193.2(a).
It is clear that a party who claims that material or information responsive to written discovery is privileged may withhold the privileged material or information from the response but must state--in the response (or an amended or supplemental response) or in a separate document--that: (1) information or material responsive to the request has been withheld, (2) the request to which the information or material relates, and (3) the privilege or privileges asserted. Tex. R. Civ. P. 193.3(a). Rule 193.3 does permit the party to withhold privileged material, but the rule does require the party to advise the other side that he has withheld material, tell them what request is involved, and set out the privilege asserted. In re Learjet Inc., 59 S.W.3d 842, 846 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2001, no pet.). In the instant case, Arden satisfied this requirement by timely withholding the witness statement within the objections filed on or about September 12, 2001, and by stating the attorney-client privilege within his subsequent response to Bryan's motion to compel discovery and within his own motion for a protective order as his legal basis for the objection and the extent to which he refused to comply with the request. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 196.2(a); 193.3(a); 193.2(a).
An objection that is not made within the time required, or that is obscured by numerous unfounded objections is waived unless the court excuses the waiver for good cause shown. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 193.2(e). In the instant case, we find that Arden timely submitted his objections to the production request and properly withheld the witness statements. He properly objected, asserting the attorney-client privilege only after abandoning the work product privilege in the supplemental response to the motion to compel discovery.
B. No Adequate Remedy by Appeal
Mandamus will not issue where there is "a clear and adequate remedy at law, such as a normal appeal." Walker, 827 S.W.2d at 840 (quoting State v. Walker, 679 S.W.2d 484, 485 (Tex. 1984)). Mandamus is intended to be an extraordinary remedy, available only in limited circumstances. The writ will issue "only in situations involving manifest and urgent necessity and not for grievances that may be addressed by other remedies." Holloway v. Fifth Court of Appeals, 767 S.W.2d 680, 684 (Tex. 1989) (quoting James Sales, Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the Courts of Civil Appeals of Texas in Appellate Procedure in Texas § 1.4(1)(b) at 47 [2d Ed. 1979] ).
The Texas Supreme Court has noted various situations in the discovery context when an appeal is not an adequate remedy and when mandamus is proper. One such instance, as in the case at bar, occurs when the trial court has erroneously ordered the disclosure of privileged information that will materially affect the rights of the aggrieved party, such as documents protected by the attorney client privilege. In those situations, an appeal is not an adequate remedy since an appellate court would be unable to cure such error. Walker, 827 S.W.2d at 843. Relator has made such complaint in the matter before us. If a trial court errs in ordering that privileged material must be disclosed, there is no adequate remedy at law; consequently, mandamus is the proper remedy. In re Anderson, 973 S.W.2d 410, 411 (Tex. App.--Eastland 1998, no pet.).
Given the above, we conditionally grant the Relator's petition for writ of mandamus. We are confident the trial court will comply with this order, thus writ will not issue unless it fails to vacate its letter order of May 16, 2003 granting protection of Relator's witness statement from discovery by the attorney-client communications privilege.
March 24, 2004
RICHARD BARAJAS, Chief Justice
Before Panel No. 2
Barajas, C.J., McClure, and Chew, JJ.