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WOTSBELI IXQUIAC, Appellant, v. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee. |
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No. 08-05-00387-CR Appeal from County Court at Law No. 1 of El Paso County, Texas (TC # 20050C04177) |
Wotsbeli Ixquiac appeals his conviction of driving while intoxicated. A jury found him guilty and assessed punishment at confinement in the El Paso County Jail for seventy-two hours. Finding the evidence to be both legally and factually sufficient, we affirm.
FACTUAL SUMMARYAppellant left his vehicle parked at an Albertson's grocery store parking lot because it had electrical and mechanical problems. The following afternoon, he walked to the store from his home to pick it up. The walk took thirty-five to forty minutes. Meanwhile, Lorenzo Arrellano was sitting in his truck in the store parking lot while he waited for his wife Rosa to finish some shopping. Lorenzo's son and his girlfriend were with him. Lorenzo suddenly felt his truck shake and his son said he thought they had just been hit. Lorenzo parked his truck and saw Appellant exit his vehicle from the driver's side. Appellant asked him, "Where is your signal light; what happened to your signal light? I got mine on." Lorenzo asked why he needed a signal light. When Lorenzo was unable to obtain Appellant's identification or proof of insurance, the police were called. While they were waiting for the officers to arrive, Appellant said he needed to use the restroom. He walked toward a Chevron station and returned with a wet spot around his genital area. Appellant claimed he dried his hands on his pants.
Officer Mata arrived within fifteen or twenty minutes. He saw Appellant walking back from the Chevron station and noticed that Appellant was unsteady and his crotch was wet. The officer also detected a strong odor of alcohol and saw Appellant leaning against another parked vehicle. After asking Appellant to explain what happened, Officer Mata conducted standard field sobriety tests. On the horizontal gaze nystagmus test, Appellant displayed six out of six clues. On the walk-and-turn, Appellant displayed five out of eight clues. And on the one-leg-stand, Appellant showed two out of four clues. Based upon the information received from his investigation, his observations, and the results from the standard field sobriety tests, Officer Mata concluded Appellant was intoxicated and arrested him.
At the police station, Officer Portillo initiated a breath intoxilizer test. He first observed Appellant for fifteen minutes to ensure that Appellant did not eat or drink anything prior to the examination. The observation began at 3:52 p.m. and Appellant smelled of alcohol His speech and reactions were slow. At 4:30 p.m., the officer began the test, but Appellant did not breathe into the machine with sufficient pressure to register. At 4:39 p.m., Appellant provided two breath samples which registered .17 and .18.
Appellant was charged with driving while intoxicated. A jury found him guilty and assessed punishment at confinement in the El Paso County Jail for seventy-two hours.
SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCEIn two issues, Appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction. A person commits the offense of driving while intoxicated if the person is intoxicated while operating a motor vehicle in a public place. See Tex.Penal Code Ann. § 49.04 (a)(Vernon 2003).
Standards of ReviewWe review all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict to determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt when we review the legal sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318-19, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979); Geesa v. State, 820 S.W.2d 154, 159 (Tex.Crim.App. 1991). The trier of fact is the sole judge of the weight and credibility of the witnesses' testimony. Margraves v. State, 34 S.W.3d 912, 919 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000). Therefore, we may not substitute our judgment for that of the fact finder or re-evaluate the credibility of the evidence. King v. State, 29 S.W.3d 556, 562 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000); Dewberry v. State, 4 S.W.3d 735, 740 (Tex.Crim.App. 1999).
In reviewing the factual sufficiency of the evidence, we view all the evidence in a neutral light, and set aside the verdict only if it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust. Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 7 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000). However, we must give deference to the fact finder's determinations. See id.; Chambers v. State, 805 S.W.2d 459, 461 (Tex.Crim.App. 1991)(the fact finder is the judge of the credibility of the witnesses and may "believe all, some, or none of the testimony"). Thus, our review of the evidence "should not substantially intrude upon the fact finder's role as the sole judge of the weight and credibility given to witness testimony." Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d at 7.
Operation of a Motor VehicleThe Texas Penal Code does not define the term "operate." Denton v. State, 911 S.W.2d 388, 389 (Tex.Crim.App. 1995); Freeman v. State, 69 S.W.3d 374, 376 (Tex.App.--Dallas 2002, no pet.). To determine whether a vehicle was "operated," the totality of circumstances must demonstrate that the defendant took action to affect the functioning of his vehicle in a manner that would enable the vehicle's use. Denton, 911 S.W.2d at 390. While driving involves operation, operation does not necessarily involve driving. Id. at 389.
Appellant enumerates the following deficiencies in the evidence: (1) Lorenzo admitted he did not see Appellant drive his vehicle; (2) there was no damage to Lorenzo's truck, (3) Rosa did not mention to the police that she saw Appellant drive his vehicle, (4) Officer Mata did not interview Rosa; (5) Officer Mata admitted that he did not have independent knowledge whether the vehicle was operational, (6) Appellant testified the vehicle was left in the parking lot because it had mechanical problems; (7) Appellant testified the vehicle moved when he pulled down the hand brake while looking for the business card of a towing company, (8) Appellant's friend testified that when she picked up the vehicle from El Paso Towing, the car battery was dead and had to be charged; and (9) the vehicle hasn't run since.
In reviewing the totality of circumstances, the evidence is both legally and factually sufficient to show Appellant "operated" his vehicle. Appellant admitted that his vehicle moved and made contact with Lorenzo's truck. Appellant's action in pulling down the hand break permitted the vehicle to function and enabled it to move. While Appellant's action could not necessarily be deemed driving, it nonetheless constitutes operation of his vehicle. See Denton, 911 S.W.2d at 389 (operation of a vehicle does not necessarily involve driving). And while Lorenzo testified there was no damage to his truck, Rosa testified there was a scratch on the bumper where it had been hit. She also testified she saw Appellant back into Lorenzo's truck. Although Rosa did not share this information with Officer Mata, the weight and credibility of the testimony lies solely with the trier of fact. King, 29 S.W.3d at 562; Johnson, 23 S.W.3d at 7. Because the evidence was legally and factually sufficient to support this finding, we overrule Issue One.
Intoxicated While Operating a Motor VehicleAppellant next claims that the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he operated his vehicle while intoxicated. He argues that at least thirty minutes elapsed between the time he struck Lorenzo's truck and the time Officer Mata administered the field sobriety tests. He also contends that even though the results of the breath tests showed he was intoxicated at 4:39 p.m., a retrograde analysis was not performed to determine whether he was intoxicated at the time of the accident. (1)
"Intoxicated" is defined as: (A) not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties by reason of the introduction of alcohol, a controlled substance, a drug, a dangerous drug, a combination of two or more of those substances, or any other substance into the body; or (B) having an alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more. See Tex.Penal Code Ann. § 49.01 (2)(A) & (B).
Officer Mata testified he was qualified to administer the standard field sobriety tests and that Appellant failed all of them. He observed six out of six clues in the horizontal gaze nystagmus test, five out of eight clues in the walk-and-turn, and two out of four clues on the one-leg-stand test. (2) See Douthitt v. State, 127 S.W.3d 327, 337 (Tex.App.--Austin 2004, no pet.)(results of standard field sobriety tests reflect the degree to which a defendant's normal mental or physical faculties are impaired by an intoxicant). Based upon his observations and the results of the field sobriety tests, Officer Mata formed the opinion that Appellant was intoxicated. The passage of time between the administration of the field tests and the accident does not render the evidence insufficient. A defendant's failure of field sobriety testing is circumstantial evidence showing he did not have normal use of his mental or physical faculties at the time of the accident because of alcohol consumption. Douthitt, 127 S.W.3d at 337. And although the State did not produce evidence of a retrograde analysis, the intoxilizer results are still relevant. See Stewart v. State, 129 S.W.3d 93, 96 (Tex.Crim.App. 2004). While results of breath tests without evidence of retrograde analysis are not conclusive proof that Appellant was intoxicated at the time he operated his vehicle, the results of the test are still pieces in the evidentiary puzzle for the jury to consider in determining whether Appellant was intoxicated at the time he operated his vehicle. See id. at 96-97.
And there was additional evidence for the jury to consider. Officer Mata opined Appellant was intoxicated. He smelled of alcohol, he was wobbling and unsteady, he was leaning against a vehicle, his crotch was wet, and he was uncooperative. While the evidence was conflicting, we must defer to the fact finder. See Johnson, 23 S.W.3d at 7; King, 29 S.W.3d at 562. Viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict and in a neutral light, the evidence was legally and factually sufficient to support the jury's finding that Appellant operated his vehicle while intoxicated. We overrule Issue Two and affirm the judgment of the trial court.
August 23, 2007
ANN CRAWFORD McCLURE, Justice
Before Chew, C.J., McClure, and Carr, JJ.
(Do Not Publish)
1. Appellant also challenges the accuracy and reliability of the HGN test and identifies certain factors which may
have affected his performance. Because he did not object at trial, he has waived any complaint. See Tex.R.App.P. 33.1
(a)(1)(as a prerequisite to presenting a complaint for appellate review, the record must show that the complaint was made
to the trial court by a timely request, objection, or motion).
2. Appellant disputes that he displayed five clues on the walk-and-turn.