In The
Court of Appeals
Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont
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NO. 09-04-042 CR
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EX PARTE MARK WAYNE BURTON
Jefferson County, Texas
Trial Cause No. 82750
On March 25, 2002, Mark Wayne Burton was placed on deferred adjudication community supervision for six years for possession of a controlled substance. (Cause No. 82750). On August 27, 2003, Burton was arrested on a new charge of possession of marijuana, and posted bond. On October 30, 2003, the State filed a motion to revoke Burton's unadjudicated probation. The trial court issued a warrant for Burton's arrest and set bond on both charges. Burton filed a motion for a speedy trial on November 13, 2003. Although he announced ready on December 1, 2003, on December 3, 2003, Burton's counsel announced he was not ready to proceed, due to the absence of a key defense witness. After denying counsel's oral motion for continuance, the trial judge vacated Burton's bond, placing him in custody. The State agreed that Burton was entitled to bail, but the trial court denied Burton's motion for bail pending the new February 17 setting on the motion to adjudicate. The issue on appeal is whether the trial court properly denied bail to Burton pending the hearing on the motion to adjudicate.
The Texas Constitution provides that prisoners shall be bailable, except under certain conditions not applicable here. Tex. Const. Art. I, § 11. In 1980, the Court of Criminal Appeals held that: 1) Art. I, § 11 "bail" applies only to prisoners before conviction; 2) "conviction" refers to adjudication of guilt and assessment of punishment; 3) in a "deferred adjudication" situation, there is no formal adjudication of guilt until an adjudication hearing; and 4) since a defendant whose adjudication of guilt has been deferred is not yet convicted, such defendant is entitled to bail pending the adjudication hearing. Ex Parte Laday, 594 S.W.2d 102, 103-104 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980).
Since Laday, the definition section of Art. 42.12 has been changed, and deferred adjudication now falls within the general definition of community supervision. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12 § 2(2)(A) and (B)(Vernon Supp. 2004). (2) Article 42.12, section 21 provides that a trial judge may, for violation of a condition of community supervision, cause the defendant to be arrested and detained until taken before the judge. However, the definition of "deferred adjudication" has not been changed, i.e., it remains a disposition by the trial court in which the judge, after receiving a guilty or no contest plea and finding that evidence substantiates the defendant's guilt, defers further proceedings without an adjudication of guilt, and places the defendant on community supervision. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12, § 5a (Vernon Supp. 2004). Further, Art. 42.12 § 21 (b) also provides in part that "(i)f the defendant has not been released on bail, on motion by the defendant, the judge shall cause the defendant to be brought before the judge for a hearing within 20 days of filing of said motion. . ." Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12 § 21(b) (Vernon Supp. 2004) (Emphasis added).
In Gutierrez v. State, 927 S.W.2d 783 (Tex. App.- Houston [14th Dist.] 1996, no pet.), a defendant on deferred adjudication for unauthorized use of a motor vehicle was subsequently charged with aggravated robbery. The State filed a motion to adjudicate guilt on the unauthorized use charge. The trial court denied bail. Id. at 783. In vacating the trial court's order, the Court of Appeals, citing Laday, held that a defendant whose adjudication of guilt has been deferred is entitled to pre-trial bail pending an adjudication hearing under Art. I, §11. Id. at 784.
We agree with this holding. Deferred adjudication, while for some purposes considered the same as "regular probation," is still not an adjudication of defendant's guilt. Both under the language of Article 42.12, section 21(b), and the general principles enunciated in Laday and Gutierrez, we hold that the trial court erred in refusing to consider bail for Burton in this case.
We vacate the trial court's order, and remand with instructions to consider, under constitutional and statutory requirements, and act upon, Burton's motion for bail.
VACATED AND REMANDED.
PER CURIAM
Opinion Delivered February 12, 2004
Do Not Publish
Before McKeithen, C.J., Burgess and Gaultney, JJ.
1. Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
2. Act of May 29, 1993, 73rd Leg., R.S., ch. 900, § 4.01, 1993 Tex. Gen. Laws 3717.