IN THE
TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-04-00147-CR
Milton Louis Williams,
Appellant
v.
The State of Texas,
Appellee
From the 82nd District Court
Robertson County, Texas
Trial Court # 95-06-15773-CR
MEMORANDUM Opinion
Williams was convicted of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, namely a revolver. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 22.02(a)(2) (Vernon Supp. 2004-2005). Williams appeals the trial court’s denial of his motion for forensic DNA testing. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. arts. 64.01-64.05 (Vernon Supp. 2004-2005). We will affirm.
In his sole issue, Williams contends that the trial court erred in not finding that “identity was or is an issue in the case.” See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 64.03(a)(1)(B). In reviewing the trial court’s decision on a motion for DNA testing, appellate courts must “afford almost total deference to a trial court’s determination of issues of historical fact and application-of-law-to-fact issues that turn on credibility and demeanor,” and “review de novo other application-of-law-to-fact issues.” Rivera v. State, 89 S.W.3d 55, 59 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002); see Skinner v. State, 122 S.W.3d 808, 811 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003). “[A] movant does not satisfy his burden under article 64.03 if the record contains other substantial evidence of guilt independent of that for which the movant seeks DNA testing.” Carter v. State, 134 S.W.3d 484, 486 (Tex. App.—Waco 2004, pet. ref’d).
Williams’ counsel offered the testimony of the arresting officer that Williams spontaneously said that he shot the victim, and gave the officer the revolver he used; and gave a written statement to the same effect. The trial court heard no contradicting evidence. Williams’ counsel argued that the revolver should be tested for DNA evidence because Williams was illiterate and unable to give a written statement. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in not finding that identity was an issue in the case. We overrule Williams’ issue.
We affirm the judgment.
TOM GRAY
Chief Justice
Before Chief Justice Gray,
Justice Vance, and
Justice Reyna
(Justice Vance concurring with note)*
Affirmed
Memorandum opinion delivered and filed April 13, 2005
Do not publish
[CR25]
* “(Justice Vance concurs in the judgment with a note: I do not join this opinion because it does not discuss Williams’s contention that the statute allows testing if “identity was or is an issue in the case.” He argues that identity is now an issue, even if it was not at trial.)”
e trial court surprisingly filed with us its “motion for reconsideration,” asking us to reconsider the issue and to withdraw our opinion. The trial court wrote: “Children, through their parents or guardians, are regularly subpoenaed to attend family law matters in this Court. If the parent shows up without the child, this Court sends them to get the child. . . . The issue between Mr. Taylor and the Court was [his] wanting the Court to require the children’s attendance without [their] first being subpoenaed through their mother.” Nothing else was filed. The trial court’s “motion” in this appeal—whether an “unusual procedure” or “dangerous precedent”—resulted in the withdrawal of our opinion.
The trial court’s practice of allowing parties in family law cases to unilaterally subpoena children through a parent or guardian begs the question in this appeal because no applicable civil statute, rule, or case law specifically authorizes that practice. I do not condemn what may be the trial court’s reliance on criminal or juvenile procedure in allowing this practice; indeed, those procedures also support the relief Richard’s motion requested. But I cannot condone the trial court’s failure to communicate this practice to Richard when it denied his motion. There is no indication that Richard was put on notice of the trial court’s practice (a practice that does not square with the lead opinion’s conclusion that a child should be personally served with a subpoena in a civil matter). If Richard had been so notified, is there any doubt that he would have attempted to have a subpoena served on Valerie directing her to bring the children to the hearing? Richard now knows what he should have done in this particular trial court to ensure his children’s attendance, but that knowledge comes too late. One would reasonably expect adequate notice—especially to an imprisoned pro se litigant—by the trial court of an unwritten practice specific to this court. This due-process concern is amplified by my belief that retroactive application of either the lead or concurring opinion on this novel issue of first impression produces a substantial inequitable result in this appeal. See Jones v. Clarksville ISD, 46 S.W.3d 467, 472-73 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2001, no pet.) (discussing factors to determine exception to retroactivity). Not ironically, Richard’s second and third issues are briefed under the heading “Denial of Right to Due Process.”
[7] Allowing or encouraging parties—especially those in child-custody disputes—to unilaterally have children personally served with subpoenas is, in addition to being legally questionable, also an unnecessary invitation to abuse the system in a way that does not protect children. Until Rule 176 is amended to provide for serving a person having custody, care, or control of the child with a subpoena to produce the child in court, a motion-and-order procedure to compel a child’s attendance at a parent-child related hearing better protects the child from the milieu of the legal dispute and deters abuse. The lead opinion unfortunately paves the way for abuse; and even in the absence of abuse, the thought of a process server serving a subpoena on a first grader walking up to an elementary school should give one pause.
[8] An attorney can issue a subpoena. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 176.4(b). Richard, an imprisoned pro se litigant, is not an attorney.
[9] The concurring opinion approves of the trial court’s subpoena duces tecum practice for civil cases (and apparently of the trial court’s failure to notify litigants like Richard that this practice must be employed to obtain the presence of child witnesses), yet it inexplicably fails to address why Richard’s motion-and-order procedure was deficient or inadequate and why the trial court did not err or abuse its discretion in denying the motion without notifying Richard of the practice employed in this trial court. Contrary to that view about how we should review Richard’s motion and the trial court’s ruling thereon, I believe that in reviewing a trial court’s ruling on a motion to determine whether or not the trial court abused its discretion, an appellate court must, as a part of its review of the ruling, examine the substance and adequacy of the motion at issue in light of the applicable law, standard of review, and any special circumstances.
[10] The concurring opinion’s statement that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to make Valerie bring the children to the hearing to testify is conclusory, asserting only that trial courts have wide discretion, that Richard’s motion was not “common or routine,” and that the trial court did not abuse its discretion. But if a trial court does not have discretion to refuse to permit a child to testify in a custody proceeding, see Callicott, 364 S.W.2d at 457-58, it only follows that a trial court does not have discretion to refuse to compel a child’s attendance to testify at a custody proceeding when the obvious effect of that refusal is to exclude the child as a witness.
[11] I have decided not to address the personalized comments in the concurring opinion. The reader will be the judge of whether any of them have merit.