This opinion has been withdrawn per order of the Tenth Court of Appeals.
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IN THE
TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-04-00165-CR
In re Janice rodriguez
Original Proceeding
DISSENTING Opinion
Relator, Janice Rodriguez, filed a motion to recuse Judge William Bosworth, Jr., Judge of the 413th District Court of Johnson County, asserting grounds under Rule of Civil Procedure 18b. Tex. R. Civ. P. 18b(a), (b), (f). Judge Bosworth declined to recuse himself and referred the matter to Judge Jeff Walker, Eighth Regional Administrative Judge. At the hearing on the motion, Judge Walker refused to allow Relator to call Judge Bosworth as a witness, citing Rule of Evidence 605. Tex. R. Evid. 605. Relator seeks to compel Judge Walker to hold another hearing on the motion and compel the attendance of Judge Bosworth as a witness.[1]
As far as I can determine, the issue of whether Rule 605 (the rule relied on by Judge Walker) precludes a trial judge from testifying at a recusal hearing before another judge is a question that has not been directly decided. The rule does not appear to be so broad and seems to be limited to situations in which a judge actually leaves the bench to testify at a trial over which he is presiding. See In re Bruce, 112 S.W.3d 635, 642 n.1 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2003, pet. dism’d, untimely filed) (where a different judge presided over the habeas corpus hearing, trial judge who had not officially recused himself from the case when the State called him as a witness was not "stepping down from the bench" and testifying as a witness in the very same proceeding over which he was currently presiding) (citing Hensarling v. State, 829 S.W.2d 168, 170 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992), and Franks v. State, 90 S.W.3d 771, 781 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2002, no pet.) (trial judge’s testimony from a recusal hearing should not have been admitted into evidence at trial)); see also Kemp v. State, 846 S.W.2d 289, 305 n.9 (“In Hensarling v. State, 829 S.W.2d 168 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992), we construed Rule 605 to circumscribe only that situation in which a trial judge would actually ‘step down from the bench’ to become a witness in the very same proceeding in which he is currently presiding.”).
Relator has no adequate remedy by appeal in this instance because the testimony of the trial judge whose recusal she seeks will not be available at a trial. See De Leon v. Aguilar, 127 S.W.3d 1, 5 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004) (orig. proceeding) (“party seeking mandamus relief ‘must establish the effective denial of a reasonable opportunity to develop the merits of his or her case”). A trial before a biased trial judge is structural error not subject to a harm analysis. Id. at 7 (citing Neder v. United States, 527 U.S. 1, 119 S. Ct. 1827, 1833, 144 L. Ed. 2d 35 (1999)).
Relator has been denied Judge Bosworth’s testimony on her motion to recuse him, and she will be unable to preserve it for our review on direct appeal because she will have no opportunity at trial to further develop the merits of her motion.[2] See De Leon, 127 S.W.3d at 5.
Believing Relator does not have an adequate remedy by a direct appeal, I would request a response and decide this issue. Tex. R. App. P. 52.
BILL VANCE Justice
Dissenting opinion delivered and filed August 25, 2004
Publish
[1] The majority opinion is designated “do not publish.” However, the court makes all opinions, published and non-published, available to Westlaw, LexisNexis and other publishers.
[2] In the civil context a remedy by appeal is inadequate when (1) a discovery error cannot be cured, (2) ability to present a viable claim or defense is severely compromised, or (3) missing discovery cannot be made part of the appellate record so that the reviewing court is unable to evaluate the effect of the trial court's error on the record before it. See Walker v. Packer, 827 S.W.2d 833, 843-44 (Tex. 1992). Here, if Judge Walker’s refusal was error, it cannot be cured; Relator’s ability to present evidence on her recusal motion will have been completely compromised, and the missing testimony cannot be made part of the record for appeal.