11th Court of Appeals
Eastland, Texas
Opinion
Ramon Reyna
Appellant
Vs. No. 11-02-00232-CR C Appeal from Collin County
State of Texas
Appellee
The jury convicted Ramon Reyna of indecency with a child and assessed his punishment at 10 years confinement and a $10,000 fine. Upon the recommendation of the jury, the trial court suspended the imposition of the confinement portion of the sentence and placed appellant on community supervision for 10 years. We reverse and remand.
In his first and second points of error, appellant contends that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support his conviction. In order to determine if the evidence is legally sufficient, we must review all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979); Jackson v. State, 17 S.W.3d 664 (Tex.Cr.App.2000). In order to determine if the evidence is factually sufficient, we must review all of the evidence in a neutral light and determine whether the evidence supporting guilt is so weak as to render the conviction clearly wrong and manifestly unjust or whether the evidence supporting guilt, although adequate when taken alone, is so greatly outweighed by the overwhelming weight of contrary evidence as to render the conviction clearly wrong and manifestly unjust. Vasquez v. State, 67 S.W.3d 229, 236 (Tex.Cr.App.2002); Goodman v. State, 66 S.W.3d 283 (Tex.Cr.App.2001); Cain v. State, 958 S.W.2d 404 (Tex.Cr.App.1997); Clewis v. State 922 S.W.2d 126 (Tex.Cr.App.1996). We review the fact finder=s weighing of the evidence and cannot substitute our judgment for that of the fact finder. Cain v. State, supra; Clewis v. State, supra. Due deference must be given to the jury=s determination, particularly concerning the weight and credibility of the evidence. Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1 (Tex.Cr.App.2000); Jones v. State, 944 S.W.2d 642 (Tex.Cr.App.1996), cert. den=d, 522 U.S. 832 (1997). This court has the authority to disagree with the fact finder=s determination Aonly when the record clearly indicates such a step is necessary to arrest the occurrence of a manifest injustice.@ Johnson v. State, supra at 9.
The victim testified at trial that, when she was around 10 or 11 years old, she would go visit appellant. She referred to appellant as AGrandpa.@ Appellant is married to the victim=s step-grandmother, Patricia Reyna. The victim and her brother and sister would stay at the Reyna house when they had visitation with Leslie Howard Gage (Les), the victim=s stepfather. The victim testified that, when she was in the sixth grade, appellant Amolested@ her. The victim stated that Amolested@ means he Atouched where [she] didn=t want to be touched.@
The victim testified that, while staying at appellant=s house, she would sleep on the couch in the living room. She said that around 5:00 or 6:00 a.m., appellant came into the room before going to work, reached under her blanket, and Atouched@ her on her vagina over her clothes. The victim stated that appellant did not touch her accidently. The victim further testified that appellant continued to touch her on subsequent visits. The victim stated that initially appellant touched her Aever so often@ but that the touching became more frequent. The victim also stated that the touching progressed and that appellant began touching her vagina underneath her underwear. The victim also stated that appellant touched her breasts. The victim wrote in her diary about the incident with appellant. The victim later told her mother that she did not want to go back to appellant=s house, and she also told her mother what appellant did to her.
Officer Glynda Covington with the Frisco Police Department testified that Angela Rhea, the victim=s mother, called and reported the offense. Officer Covington made arrangements for the victim to be interviewed at the Collin County Children=s Advocacy Center. Officer Covington spoke to Patricia and made arrangements for appellant to give a statement. Officer Covington explained to appellant that the victim alleged that appellant committed the offense of indecency with a child. Appellant gave a written statement in which he said that the victim Amust have thought that because of him...pulling the covers up to cover her.@ In his written statement, appellant said that he would leave for work between 5:00 and 6:00 a.m. and that he was the only one awake at that time. Appellant said that, when he would pull the covers over the victim, Ahis hand would brush against her private parts.@ Appellant explained that by Aprivate parts@ he meant the Abreast area.@ Patricia testified at trial that, when the children had visitation with Les, she would pick the children up, take them to her house, and then return them to their mother. Patricia said that, while the children were there, she was the primary caregiver and that appellant did not socialize with the children. Patricia said that Les usually stayed at her house while the kids were there for visitation. Patricia said that she was the first one to wake up in the morning and that she got up between 7:30 and 8:30 a.m. She said that appellant left for work between 8:00 and 9:00 and that he never got up at 5:30 or 6:30 a.m. Patricia further stated that appellant did not get up without her knowing about it.
Les testified at trial that the children would stay at Patricia and appellant=s house during the visitation and that he almost always stayed there with them. Les stated that he, the victim, and the victim=s sister would sleep together on the sofa sleeper. Les said that he was a light sleeper and that he does not recall appellant ever coming into the room while they were sleeping. Les further testified that appellant would leave for work around 8:00 or 9:00 a.m.
Appellant specifically argues that the evidence is legally insufficient to show that he committed the offense of indecency with a child because the State did not prove that the offense occurred in Collin County. Appellant notes that the State introduced evidence that the offense occurred in Frisco. Appellant argues, however, that the city of Frisco lies in both Collin and Denton counties,[1] and that the State did not prove that the offense occurred in Collin County. However, in reviewing a claim of legal insufficiency, we review all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict. Jackson v. Virginia, supra; Jackson v. State, supra. The State presented evidence that the offense occurred at the home of appellant and Patricia. Patricia testified on cross-examination that her house is in Collin County. The evidence is legally sufficient to show that the offense occurred in Collin County. Appellant=s first point of error is overruled.
In his second point of error, appellant argues that the evidence is factually insufficient to support his conviction because the victim=s testimony was inconsistent. Appellant contends that these inconsistencies Aundermine the credibility and validity of her testimony.@ The victim stated that appellant touched her in the early morning before he left for work. In his statement, appellant stated that he left for work between 5:00 and 6:00 a.m. and that he would pull the covers up over the victim before he left. The victim testified that appellant touched her vagina and her breasts and that appellant was Abreathing hard@ when he touched her. The jury is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. TEX. CODE CRIM. PRO. ANN. arts. 36.13 & 38.04 (Vernon 1979 & 1981); Wesbrook v. State, 29 S.W.3d 103 (Tex.Cr.App.2000), cert. den=d, 532 U.S. 944 (2001). It is the exclusive province of the jury to reconcile conflicts in the evidence. Wesbrook v. State, supra. Viewing all of the evidence, we do not find that the verdict is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust. Clewis v. State, supra. Appellant=s second point of error is overruled.
In his fifth point of error, appellant complains that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. In order to determine whether appellant=s trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance at trial, we must first determine whether appellant has shown that counsel=s representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and, if so, then determine whether there is a reasonable probability that the result would have been different but for counsel=s errors. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984); Hernandez v. State, 988 S.W.2d 770 (Tex.Cr.App.1999). We must indulge a strong presumption that counsel=s conduct fell within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance; and appellant must overcome the presumption that, under the circumstances, the challenged action might be considered sound trial strategy. Stafford v. State, 813 S.W.2d 503, 508-09 (Tex.Cr.App.1991).
Appellant specifically argues that his trial counsel was ineffective in failing to request a directed verdict after the State=s case-in-chief. Appellant contends that the State failed to prove during its case-in-chief that the offense occurred in Collin County. Appellant states that he would have been acquitted had his trial counsel requested an instructed verdict.
Venue in criminal cases need only be proven by a preponderance of the evidence, which may be either direct or circumstantial. TEX. CODE CRIM. PRO. ANN. art. 13.17 (Vernon 1977); Couchman v. State, 3 S.W.3d 155, 161 (Tex.App. ‑ Fort Worth 1999, pet=n ref=d). The trier of fact may make reasonable inferences from the evidence to decide the issue of venue. Couchman v. State, supra. The evidence is sufficient to establish venue if, from that evidence, the jury may reasonably conclude that the offense was committed in the county alleged. Couchman v. State, supra.
Officer Covington testified during the State=s case-in-chief that she was familiar with the location where the offense occurred within the city of Frisco. Officer Covington took the victim to the Collin County Children=s Advocacy Center to be interviewed about the offense. Appellant=s trial counsel may have believed that the State presented evidence from which the jury could reasonably conclude that the offense took place in Collin County. Appellant has not shown that his trial counsel=s decision not to request an instructed verdict was not based on sound trial strategy.
Moreover, TEX. CODE CRIM. PRO. ANN. art. 36.02 (Vernon 1981) provides that the trial court may Aallow testimony to be introduced at any time before the argument of a cause is concluded, if it appears that it is necessary to a due administration of justice.@ The trial court should allow a party to reopen its case if the evidence would materially change the case in the proponent=s favor. Peek v. State, 106 S.W.3d 72, 79 (Tex.Cr.App.2003). Therefore, had appellant=s trial counsel moved for an instructed verdict, the trial court could have allowed the State to reopen its case and present testimony that the offense occurred in Collin County. Appellant has not shown that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. Appellant=s fifth point of error is overruled.
In his third point of error, appellant complains that the Atrial court erred in regards to the matters of the hearing outside the presence of the jury and sealed by the trial court for appellate review only.@ The record indicates that the trial court held an in camera hearing and ordered that the record of that hearing be sealed pursuant to TEX.R.EVID. 412(c) & (d). With the exception of TEX.R.EVID. 412(e), TEX.R.EVID. 412 applies only to sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, or an attempt to commit those offenses; this case involves indecency with a child. We find that Rule 412 is not applicable to the present case.
Appellant sought to introduce evidence that the victim had made previous allegations of sexual abuse and then recanted those allegations. Appellant argued at trial that the evidence was admissible to show the victim=s credibility. During the in camera hearing, after hearing trial counsel=s offer of proof, the trial court indicated its understanding that the victim Awould testify that she made an allegation of sexual abuse against a man in ´95, and then admitted that it didn=t happen, and she would testify it never happened.@ In addition to the offer of proof of that testimony from the victim, trial counsel informed the trial court that five other witnesses would give testimony to the same effect. The trial court sustained the State=s objection and excluded the testimony. Evidence that a complainant has made previous false allegations of sexual misconduct is admissible. See Hughes v. State, 850 S.W.2d 260 (Tex.App. - Fort Worth 1993, pet=n ref=d); Thomas v. State, 669 S.W.2d 420 (Tex.App. - Houston [1st Dist.] 1984, pet=n ref=d). Therefore, the trial court erred in not allowing appellant to introduce evidence that the victim had made previous false allegations of sexual abuse. The victim=s testimony was essential in establishing that appellant committed the offense. We cannot say that error in admitting evidence as to her credibility was harmless. TEX.R.APP.P. 44.2. Appellant=s third point of error is sustained.
In his fourth point of error, appellant argues that the trial court did not have jurisdiction to conduct the trial. The record shows that appellant was tried for this same offense on July 9, 2001. The jury deliberated over the course of three days and was unable to reach a verdict. The trial court ordered Awith the consent of the [appellant] and his attorney, and the State=s attorney, that the jury be discharged and the [appellant] stand trial in this case on another date.@ Appellant filed a special plea of double jeopardy on November 16, 2001, arguing that the prosecution was improperly terminated because the jury was not given sufficient time to deliberate. On appeal, appellant argues that, because the first trial resulted in a Ahung jury,@ double jeopardy bars a second trial for that offense.
A trial court=s declaration of mistrial following a hung jury does not terminate the original jeopardy to which petitioner was subjected. Richardson v. United States, 468 U.S. 317, 326 (1984); Ex parte McAfee, 761 S.W.2d 771 (Tex.Cr.App.1988). Until a verdict is returned, jeopardy continues unless the trial court discharges the jury without Amanifest necessity@ for doing so. Ex parte McAfee, supra. The record shows that appellant consented to discharging the jury after it could not reach a verdict. Appellant=s fourth point of error is overruled.
The judgment of the trial court is reversed, and the cause is remanded to the trial court for further proceedings.
JIM R. WRIGHT
JUSTICE
November 26, 2003
Do not publish. See TEX.R.APP.P. 47.2(b).
Panel consists of: Arnot, C.J., and
Wright, J., and McCall, J.
[1]Appellant filed a request for this court to take judicial notice regarding the geographic boundaries of the city of Frisco. In his request, appellant included maps indicating that the city of Frisco lies in both Collin and Denton counties.