11th Court of Appeals
Eastland, Texas
Memorandum Opinion
In the Estate of Ida Baldwin Denison, Deceased
No. 11-04-00058-CV -- Appeal from Stonewall County
At issue in this case is whether the trial court erred in entering judgment based upon a mediated settlement agreement after one party withdrew consent to the settlement agreement. We find that the trial court erred, and we reverse and remand the cause.
Ida Baldwin Denison executed her Last Will and Testament on July 8, 1997. Ida bequeathed one-half of her estate to her son John Wayne Denison and one-half of her estate to John Wayne Denison in trust for her son Bob Marshall Denison. John was named independent executor of the estate. Ida died on July 27, 1997, and her will was admitted to probate. On February 21, 2002, Bob filed suit against John alleging breach of fiduciary trust with respect to administration of the estate and constructive fraud while acting as a fiduciary of the estate. On May 28, 2002, Bob and John entered into a settlement agreement that divided the estate between John and the Bob Marshall Denison Trust and provided for a new trustee to be appointed for the trust. On June 3, 2002, the trial court held a hearing and approved the terms of the settlement agreement. In November 2002, Bob filed a motion to set aside the settlement agreement. Pursuant to John=s motion for judgment, and after a hearing held on December 4, 2003, the trial court entered judgment approving of the settlement agreement and incorporating the terms and conditions of the settlement agreement into the judgment.[1]
In his first issue on appeal, Bob contends that the trial court erred in entering judgment based upon the settlement agreement after Bob had withdrawn his consent to the settlement agreement. A written settlement agreement may be enforced even if one party withdraws its consent before judgment is rendered on the agreement. Mantas v. Fifth Court of Appeals, 925 S.W.2d 656, 658 (Tex.1996)(orig. proceeding); Padilla v. LaFrance, 907 S.W.2d 454, 462 (Tex.1995). Where consent is lacking, however, a court may not render an agreed judgment on the settlement agreement but may enforce it only as a written contract. Mantas v. Fifth Court of Appeals, supra; Padilla v. LaFrance, supra. The party seeking enforcement must pursue a separate breach of contract claim, which is subject to the normal rules of pleading and proof. Mantas v. Fifth Court of Appeals, supra. When the settlement dispute arises while the trial court has jurisdiction over the underlying action, a claim to enforce the settlement agreement should be asserted in that court under the original cause number through an amended pleading or counterclaim; however, where the dispute arises while the underlying action is on appeal, the party seeking enforcement must file a separate breach of contract action. Mantas v. Fifth Court of Appeals, supra. The settlement agreement alone is insufficient to provide a basis for judgment because it deprives a party of the right to be confronted by appropriate pleadings, assert defenses, conduct discovery, and submit contested fact issues to a judge or jury. Citgo Refining And Marketing, Inc. v. Garza, 94 S.W.3d 322, 330 (Tex.App. ‑ Corpus Christi 2002, no pet=n).
John did not seek to enforce the settlement agreement by pursuing a breach of contract claim. John argues, however, that the trial court rendered judgment on June 3, 2002, when it approved the terms and conditions of the settlement agreement. Therefore, Bob did not withdraw his consent before judgment was rendered. We disagree.
Judgment is rendered when the trial court officially announces its decision in open court or by written memorandum filed with the clerk. S & A Restaurant Corporation v. Leal, 892 S.W.2d 855 (Tex.1995). Thereafter, the trial court=s signing of the judgment is merely a ministerial act. Alcantar v. Oklahoma National Bank, 47 S.W.3d 815, 821 (Tex.App. ‑ Fort Worth 2001, no pet=n). While the date a trial court signs a judgment determines when a motion for new trial or notice of appeal must be filed, the date of signing does not affect or change the date of the rendition of the judgment. Alcantar v. Oklahoma National Bank, supra. Once the trial court renders judgment based on the settlement agreement, the parties cannot revoke their consent to the agreement. Alcantar v. Oklahoma National Bank, supra.
At the June 3 hearing, the trial court stated, AI am glad to hereby approve the settlement.@ The trial court further stated, A And I=ll state on the record, the settlement is approved by the Court.@ Approval of a settlement does not necessarily constitute rendition of judgment. S & A Restaurant Corporation v. Leal, supra; Able Cabling Services, Inc. v. Aaron‑Carter Electric, Inc., 16 S.W.3d 98 (Tex.App. ‑ Houston [1st Dist.] 2000, pet=n den=d). The words used by the trial court must indicate a present intention to render judgment. S & A Restaurant Corporation v. Leal, supra; Able Cabling Services, Inc. v. Aaron‑Carter Electric, Inc., supra. The rendition of judgment is a present act which decides the issues upon which the ruling is made. S & A Restaurant Corporation v. Leal, supra; Able Cabling Services, Inc. v. Aaron‑Carter Electric, Inc., supra. The trial court=s intention to render judgment in the future cannot be a present rendition of judgment. S & A Restaurant Corporation v. Leal, supra; Able Cabling Services, Inc. v. Aaron‑Carter Electric, Inc., supra. Further, the words used by the trial court must clearly indicate the intent to render judgment at the time the words are expressed. S & A Restaurant Corporation v. Leal, supra; Able Cabling Services, Inc. v. Aaron‑Carter Electric, Inc., supra.
The trial court=s statement does not clearly indicate an intention to render judgment at the June 3 hearing. Moreover, at a hearing on December 18, 2002, the trial court acknowledged that, in order to Aadopt@ the settlement agreement as the judgment, the settlement agreement must be enforced pursuant to contract law. The trial court further stated in a December 4, 2003, hearing on John=s motion for judgment that it did not render judgment at the June 3 hearing. Because the trial court did not render judgment on the settlement agreement at the June 3 hearing and because enforcement of the settlement agreement was not based upon a breach of contract claim, we hold the trial court erred in entering a judgment enforcing the settlement agreement. We sustain Bob=s first issue on appeal. Because of our disposition of the first issue, we need not address the remaining issue on appeal or the cross-point. TEX.R.APP.P. 47.1.
The judgment of the trial court is reversed, and the cause is remanded for further proceedings.
JIM R. WRIGHT
JUSTICE
September 29, 2005
Not designated for publication. See TEX.R.APP.P. 47.2(a).
Panel consists of: Wright, J., and McCall, J.[2]
[1]The trial court modified the judgment on February 10, 2004.
[2]W. G. Arnot, III, Chief Justice, retired effective July 31, 2005. The chief justice position is vacant.