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Opinion filed August 7, 2008
In The
Eleventh Court of Appeals
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Nos. 11-07-00204-CR, 11-07-00205-CR, & 11-07-00206-CR
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ERNEST LEE TRAVIS, Appellant
V.
STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 258th District Court
Polk County, Texas
Trial Court Cause Nos. 14,314, 19,152, & 19,153
M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N
In Cause No. 11-07-00205-CR, the jury convicted Ernest Lee Travis, appellant, of the third degree felony offense of possession of a controlled substance, Alprazolam, by fraud. In Cause No. 11-07-00206-CR, the jury convicted appellant of the second degree felony offense of possession of a controlled substance, Hydrocodone, by fraud. In both causes, the trial court found two enhancement paragraphs to be true and assessed punishment at twenty-five years confinement. In Cause No. 11-07-00204-CR, the trial court revoked appellant=s community supervision and imposed a sentence of confinement for ten years. The trial court ordered the sentences in the three causes to run concurrently. We affirm.
Background
The State charged appellant with fraud offenses under Section 481.129 of the Health and Safety Code. Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. ' 481.129 (Vernon 2003). Section 481.129(a)(5)(A) provides that A[a] person commits an offense if the person knowingly possesses, obtains, or attempts to possess or obtain a controlled substance or an increased quantity of a controlled substance by misrepresentation, fraud, forgery, deception, or subterfuge.@ An offense is a second degree felony if the controlled substance is listed in Schedule I or II, and an offense is a third degree felony if the controlled substance is listed in Schedule III or IV. See Section 481.129(d)(1), (2). Hydrocodone is listed in Schedule II, and Alprazolam is listed in Schedule IV. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. ' 481.032 (Vernon Supp. 2007).
Issues
Appellant raises identical issues in each of these three causes. In his first issue, appellant contends that the evidence was legally insufficient to support his conviction for fraudulent possession of Alprazolam in Cause No. 11-07-00205-CR. In his second issue, appellant contends that the evidence was legally insufficient to support his conviction for fraudulent possession of Hydrocodone in Cause No. 11-07-00206-CR.
Standard of Review
To determine if the evidence is legally sufficient, we must review all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979); Jackson v. State, 17 S.W.3d 664, 667 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). The jury, as the finder of fact, is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 36.13 (Vernon 2007), art. 38.04 (Vernon 1979).
Evidence at Trial
On February 19, 2006, appellant was driving a vehicle on U.S. Highway 190 in Polk County. Onalaska Patrol Officer Ryan Vasquez observed appellant failing to maintain a single lane of traffic, going off of the roadway, and then getting back into the lanes of the roadway. Officer Vasquez initiated a stop of appellant=s vehicle. During the stop, Officer Vasquez obtained appellant=s consent to search the vehicle. Appellant told Officer Vasquez that he had some prescription medications in a lockbox in the trunk of the vehicle. Appellant opened the lockbox and gave the medications to Officer Vasquez. Appellant then closed the lockbox without letting Officer Vasquez see whether the lockbox contained other contents. Officer Vasquez was suspicious about what might have been in the lockbox.
Appellant gave Officer Vasquez three prescription pill bottles. All three of the prescriptions were in appellant=s name. One of the prescription bottles was for sixty Xanax pills. The label showed that Dr. Walid H. Hamoudi had prescribed the Xanax and that the Care Plus Pharmacy had filled the prescription on February 17, 2006. The instructions on the label indicated that the Xanax pills were to be taken one pill twice a day. Officer Vasquez testified that there were six pills in the bottle. A second prescription bottle was for 120 Hydrocone pills. The label showed that Dr. Hamoudi had prescribed the Hydrocodone and that the Care Plus Pharmacy had filled the prescription on February 17, 2006. The instructions on the label provided that the Hydrocodone pills were to be taken one pill four times a day. Officer Vasquez testified that there were seven pills in the bottle. The third prescription bottle was for sixty Xanax pills. The label showed that Dr. James H. Thomas had prescribed the Xanax and that the Care First Pharmacy had filled the prescription on February 15, 2006. The instructions on the label advised to take two pills a day. Officer Vasquez testified that there were twenty-four pills in the bottle. Officer Vasquez also testified that one of the pill bottles that contained Xanax also contained Soma pills. The presence of the Soma pills caused Officer Vasquez concern because appellant did not provide a prescription for Soma. Officer Vasquez arrested appellant for possession of dangerous drugs.
Officer Vasquez contacted Detective Andy Lowrie of the Narcotics Division of the Polk County Sheriff=s Department for assistance. Officer Vasquez gave the three pill bottles and the lockbox to Detective Lowrie. Detective Lowrie referred to the lockbox as a safe. He obtained a search warrant for the safe. Detective Lowrie testified that the safe contained several documents that, in his experience, pertained to Aeither drug sales or drugs that [were] owed to the subject.@ Detective Lowrie conducted an investigation to determine how appellant had obtained the prescriptions. As part of the investigation, he gathered information from Dr. Thomas=s office and from Dr. Hamoudi=s office. He also contacted individuals at the involved pharmacies. Based on the investigation, he determined that appellant was Aseeking doctors to obtain large quantities of Hydrocodone and Xanax and Somas, which [were] the more popular abuse pills for either sale or abuse in the Polk County area.@
Dr. Thomas worked at the Gulf State Medical Clinic in Houston, Texas, as a pain management physician. Dr. Thomas treated appellant for cervical neck problems and lumbar back problems. Appellant saw Dr. Thomas on December 15, 2005, January 18, 2006, and February 15, 2006. On each of those days, Dr. Thomas prescribed three medications to appellant: (1) Lorcet 10 (120 pills to take one every six hours); (2) Soma 350 (120 pills to take one every six hours); and (3) Xanax, 1 milligram (60 pills). Dr. Thomas testified that Lorcet 10, which was Hydrocodone, was a controlled substance. He also testified that Xanax, which was a benzodiazepine, was a controlled substance. Dr. Thomas said that his patients were advised that they were not to get these types of drugs from any other physicians without prior notification to his office. Dr. Thomas testified that the reason for this policy was Ato keep an absolute cap on the amount of medicine that the patient gets.@ On December 15, 2005, appellant signed a document at Gulf State Medical Clinic providing that he would Anot take any pain medications from another physician under any circumstances for any reason without informing that physician [that appellant was] in pain management and notifying Gulf State Medical Clinic.@ On that date, it was Dr. Thomas=s understanding that appellant had not been receiving and would not be receiving prescriptions for pain medications from other physicians. Dr. Thomas testified that he would not have prescribed medications to appellant if he had known that appellant had been obtaining prescriptions from other doctors. Dr. Thomas also testified that he did not know Dr. Hamoudi.
Dr. Hamoudi testified that he was self-employed at the Cedar Medical Clinic in La Marque, Texas. He said that he had a general practice that sometimes involved pain management. Dr. Hamoudi treated appellant for neck pain and low back pain. Appellant saw Dr. Hamoudi on February 18, 2006. On that date, Dr. Hamoudi prescribed three medications to appellant: (1) Lorcet, which was Hydrocodone, to be taken one tablet four times a day for a month; (2) Soma, which was a muscle relaxant, to be taken one tablet four times a day; and (3) Xanax, which had the generic name Alprazolam, to be taken twice a day. Dr. Hamoudi said that Hydrocodone and Alprazolam were controlled substances. Although Dr. Hamoudi prescribed the medications to appellant on February 18, 2006, the prescription bottles seized by the officers showed that the Care Plus Pharmacy filled the prescriptions on February 17, 2006. Dr. Hamoudi testified that the pharmacy probably made a mistake on the date.
Dr. Hamoudi also testified that his patients who took controlled substances were advised verbally and in writing that they were to be under the care of one physician, that they were not to share or to sell the medications, and that they were to take the medications according to doctor=s instructions. On February 18, 2006, appellant signed a controlled-substance contract at Dr. Hamoudi=s office stating that A[he would] not take narcotics prescribed by other doctors@ and that A[he would] not obtain pain medications from any doctors outside of this clinic.@ On February 18, 2006, Dr. Hamoudi=s understanding was that appellant was not getting Hydrocodone or Alprazolam from any other physician. When appellant saw Dr. Hamoudi on February 18, 2006, appellant did not tell him that he had seen another doctor on February 15, 2006, or that he had gotten prescriptions for Alprazolam and Hydrocodone on February 15, 2006. Dr. Hamoudi testified that he did not know Dr. Thomas. Dr. Hamoudi also testified that he would not have prescribed medications to appellant if he had known that appellant was obtaining medications from other physicians.
Dr. Hamoudi had previously worked at the Performance Clinic in Houston, Texas. While working there, Dr. Hamoudi had seen appellant on August 2, 2005, August 25, 2005, September 17, 2005, and November 5, 2005. On each of those occasions, Dr. Hamoudi had prescribed Hydrocodone and Alprazolam to appellant. Dr. Hamoudi testified that the prescriptions given at the Performance Clinic provided sufficient medication to cover a two-week period. Dr. Hamoudi said that he stopped working at the Performance Clinic in November 2005. However, before testifying, Dr. Hamoudi had obtained appellant=s medical records from Performance Clinic. Those records showed that, on December 15, 2005, January 19, 2006, February 17, 2006, and March 3, 2006, appellant had gone to the clinic and had obtained prescriptions for Hydrocodone and Alprazolam.
Francisco Rivera Torres testified that he worked at the Care First Pharmacy. He said that the Care First Pharmacy filled prescriptions written by Dr. Thomas. He confirmed that, on December 15, 2005, January 18, 2006, and February 15, 2006, the Care First Pharmacy filled Lorcet and Xanax prescriptions for appellant. He said that Lorcet (Hydrocodone) and Xanax (Alprazolam) were controlled substances. Torres testified that, because of the addictive nature of controlled substances, the Care First Pharmacy had policies and procedures relating to filling prescriptions for them. On December 15, 2005, as part of those policies and procedures, appellant signed a form acknowledging that he Aonly attend[ed] this pharmacy for this medication.@ Torres identified the pills that were in the pill bottles the officers seized. He testified that one of the bottles contained Hydrocodone pills and that the other two bottles contained Xanax pills.
Analysis
Appellant was indicted under Section 481.129(a)(5)(A) of the Health & Safety Code. The indictments alleged that appellant knowingly possessed or attempted to possess controlled substances, Alprazolam and Hydrocodone, in Polk County Aby misrepresentation, fraud, forgery, deception, subterfuge, or through the use of a fraudulent prescription form.@ The State may obtain a conviction under Section 481.129(a)(5)(A) by proving that the defendant knowingly possessed or attempted to possess a controlled substance (1) by an intentional concealment or nondisclosure of a material fact for the purpose of inducing the controlled-substance provider to part with the controlled substance or (2) by concealing a material fact in order to mislead a physician into giving a prescription that the physician would not have given had the information been disclosed. Oler v. State, 998 S.W.2d 363, 370 (Tex. App.CDallas 1999, pet. ref=d).
On February 19, 2006, Officer Vasquez stopped appellant in Polk County. At the time, appellant was in possession of two pill bottles containing Xanax pills and one pill bottle containing Hydrocodone pills. The evidence established that Xanax was Alprazolam and that Alprazolam and Hydrocodone were controlled substances. Thus, appellant possessed controlled substances in Polk County as alleged in the indictments.
The officers seized the pill bottles. The label on one of the bottles indicated that the prescription was for Xanax, that Dr. Thomas had prescribed the Xanax, and that the Care First Pharmacy had filled the prescription on February 15, 2006. Dr. Thomas testified that he prescribed Alprazolam and Hydrocodone to appellant on February 15, 2006. The labels on the other two bottles indicated that the prescriptions were for Xanax and Hydrocodone, that Dr. Hamoudi had prescribed the Xanax and Hydrocodone, and that the Care Plus Pharmacy had filled the prescriptions on February 17, 2006. Dr. Hamoudi testified that he prescribed Alprazolam and Hydrocodone to appellant on February 18, 2006. He also testified that the pharmacy probably made a mistake on the date the prescriptions were filled.
The evidence was legally sufficient to support a finding that appellant possessed the seized Alprazolam and Hydrocodone by misrepresentation, fraud, deception, or subterfuge. Appellant represented to Dr. Thomas and to Dr. Hamoudi that he would not take pain medications from other physicians, and appellant concealed from them that he was obtaining Alprazolam and Hydrocodone from other sources. The fact that appellant was obtaining the medications from other sources was a material fact because Dr. Thomas and Dr. Hamoudi would not have prescribed them to appellant had they known appellant was getting them from another source. Based on the evidence, the jury could have reasonably concluded that appellant misrepresented material facts to Dr. Thomas and to Dr. Hamoudi and that appellant concealed material facts from them in an effort to mislead them into giving him prescriptions for Alprazolam and Hydrocodone that they would not have otherwise prescribed. A rational trier of fact could have found that appellant possessed Alprazolam and Hydrocodone by misrepresentation, fraud, deception, or subterfuge. Thus, the evidence was legally sufficient to sustain appellant=s conviction. See Oler, 998 S.W.2d at 367-71 (Where the defendant concealed from physicians that he was obtaining a controlled substance from other physicians, the evidence was sufficient to establish that appellant possessed the controlled substance by fraud or deception.). We overrule appellant=s issues.
Revocation of Appellant=s Community Supervision
We review a trial court=s order revoking community supervision under an abuse of discretion standard. Rickels v. State, 202 S.W.3d 759, 763 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006); Cardona v. State, 665 S.W.2d 492, 493 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984). In Cause No.11-07-00204-CR, the State filed a motion and an amended motion to revoke appellant=s community supervision. The State alleged that appellant had violated the terms and conditions of his community supervision by possessing controlled substances (the subject matter of Cause No. 11-07-00205-CR and Cause No. 11-07-00206-CR). The State also alleged a number of violations that were not related to appellant=s possession of the Alprazolam and Hydrocodone. Appellant pleaded true to a number of the alleged violations. Proof of any one violation of the terms and conditions of community supervision is sufficient to support a revocation. McDonald v. State, 608 S.W.2d 192, 200 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980); Taylor v. State, 604 S.W.2d 175, 180 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980); Leach v. State, 170 S.W.3d 669, 672 (Tex. App.CFort Worth 2005, pet. ref=d). A plea of true alone is sufficient to support the trial court=s determination to revoke. Moses v. State, 590 S.W.2d 469, 470 (Tex. Crim. App. 1979); Cole v. State, 578 S.W.2d 127, 128 (Tex. Crim. App. 1979); Hays v. State, 933 S.W.2d 659, 661 (Tex. App.CSan Antonio 1996, no pet.).
The evidence set forth above was sufficient to support a finding that appellant violated the terms and conditions of his community supervision by possessing Alprazolam and Hydrocodone by misrepresentation, fraud, deception, or subterfuge. In addition, appellant pleaded true to a number of the alleged violations. Based on these independent reasons, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in revoking appellant=s community supervision.
This Court=s Ruling
The judgments of the trial court are affirmed.
JIM R. WRIGHT
CHIEF JUSTICE
August 7, 2008
Do not publish. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).
Panel consists of: Wright, C.J.,
McCall, J., and Strange, J.