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Opinion filed April 24, 2008
In The
Eleventh Court of Appeals
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No. 11-06-00276-CR
__________
DERRICK MORGAN, Appellant
V.
STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 241st District Court
Smith County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 241-0473-06
M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N
The jury convicted Derrick Morgan of aggravated robbery, found both enhancement allegations to be true, and assessed his punishment at confinement for life. We affirm.
In three issues, counsel for appellant challenged the admission of evidence of automobile accidents prior to and following the aggravated robbery, the punishment assessed by the jury, and the stacking of the sentence in this case with the sentence in another case. Appellant has not supplemented counsel=s brief. There is no challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence.
Sabrina Garcia testified that, between 5:30 and 6:00 p.m. on December 3, 2005, she drove with her two daughters in her Dodge Intrepid to the CVS Pharmacy on Gentry and Glenwood in Tyler, Texas. Her daughters B Rachel age sixteen and Elizabeth age twelve B stayed in the car listening to music while Sabrina went into the store to get medicine for her husband. While she was in the store, Sabrina heard Rachel scream in terror. She dropped the medicine and ran. Sabrina could tell Rachel was afraid, and Sabrina was thinking that something bad was happening.
Rachel met her mother at the door to the store and told her, AI tried, Momma. I tried.@ Rachel was holding her side, and Sabrina thought she was hurt. Sabrina could not see out into the parking lot and was afraid that Elizabeth had been kidnapped. Elizabeth ran into the store screaming and collapsed on the floor.
Elizabeth testified that, while she and her sister were in the car, they heard a crash. They got out of the car and saw appellant get out of a red Jeep Cherokee and run toward them. Elizabeth thought appellant had been hurt in the accident and was going to let him use her cell phone. Instead, appellant got into their Dodge Intrepid. Together with her sister, she tried to pull appellant out of their car. Appellant put the car in reverse and backed up. When he did that, the open car door hit Elizabeth and knocked her to the ground. As appellant drove forward, Elizabeth was afraid that he was going to run over her, and she ran into the store.
Rachel testified that, when they heard the accident, she and her sister got out of their car. Appellant came running over to them asking for a phone. Elizabeth offered him a cell phone, but appellant knocked it out of her hand and got into their car. Appellant put the car in reverse and Agun[ned] it,@ dragging Elizabeth with the open car door across part of the parking lot. Rachel was afraid for her sister.
Thomas Sanders testified that he witnessed the incident in the CVS parking lot and that he saw the two girls try to get appellant out of the Dodge Intrepid. When appellant put the car into reverse, the open car door hit Elizabeth and moved her Aa good 5 to 10 foot@ across the parking lot. After Elizabeth fell to the concrete, appellant Abarely missed her with the front driver side tire.@ Appellant showed no concern for the safety of either girl.
Evidence of both a prior accident involving appellant in a red Jeep Cherokee and a later accident involving appellant in Sabrina=s Dodge Intrepid was introduced at trial over appellant=s objections. Not only Elizabeth=s testimony but also testimony from other witnesses established that appellant left the wrecked Jeep Cherokee immediately before he stole Sabrina=s Dodge Intrepid. When Sabrina=s wrecked Dodge Intrepid was recovered, appellant=s blood was found on the deployed airbags.
In his first issue, appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion by admitting the evidence of the prior and subsequent accidents because those accidents were extraneous offenses and because the testimony was not Asame transaction contextual evidence.@ We disagree.
The record reflects that these two accidents occurred immediately before and then subsequent to the offense for which appellant was convicted. They surround the offense and place the offense in context. The offense began, at the latest, with appellant clipping the rear end of a white car and jumping a curb Aright across the street@ from the CVS while he was driving the red Jeep Cherokee. He then left the Jeep Cherokee and ran across the street to the CVS. Appellant stole Sabrina=s car, knocked Elizabeth to the ground, and hit a parked car in the CVS parking lot before driving off. Appellant left Sabrina=s car after hitting a third car head-on. The evidence was properly admitted as same transaction contextual evidence. Wyatt v. State, 23 S.W.3d 18, 25 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000); Rogers v. State, 853 S.W.2d 29, 33 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993); Moreno v. State, 721 S.W.2d 295, 301 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). The trial court did not abuse its discretion, and the first issue is overruled.
Next, appellant contends that the jury assessed a punishment that was disproportionate to the offense and, therefore, in violation of his Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment rights. We disagree.
The Eighth Amendment prohibits punishments that are Agrossly disproportionate@ to the offense for which the defendant has been convicted. Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 U.S. 957 (1991); McGruder v. Puckett, 954 F.2d 313 (5th Cir. 1992); Bradfield v. State, 42 S.W.3d 350 (Tex. App.C Eastland 2001, pet. ref=d); Hicks v. State, 15 S.W.3d 626 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet. ref=d); Hernandez v. State, 10 S.W.3d 812 (Tex. App.CBeaumont 2000, pet. ref=d); Dunn v. State, 997 S.W.2d 885 (Tex. App.CWaco 1999, pet. ref=d); Jackson v. State, 989 S.W.2d 842 (Tex. App.CTexarkana 1999, no pet.). The reviewing court must first compare the gravity of the offense with the severity of the sentence. Bradfield, 42 S.W.3d at 353.
The record does not reflect that the sentence is Agrossly disproportionate@ to the offense. The jury heard testimony concerning the offense and testimony concerning appellant=s ten prior convictions. The jury assessed a sentence that was within the range of punishment authorized by Tex. Penal Code Ann. ' 12.42 (Vernon Supp. 2007) for a person convicted of a first degree felony offense with two prior felony convictions. A penalty assessed within the range of punishment established by the legislature will not be disturbed on appeal. Jackson v. State, 680 S.W.2d 809 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984); Bradfield, 42 S.W.3d at 354. Appellant=s second issue is overruled.
In his third issue, appellant argues that his constitutional and statutory rights were violated when the trial court granted the State=s motion to cumulate the sentence in this case with his sentence for a harassment conviction. Appellant contends that stacking these sentences is cruel and unusual punishment because the resulting punishment is disproportionate to the offenses. Appellant also argues that the evidence presented at the aggravated robbery trial and at the harassment trial was so intertwined that the trial court abused its discretion when it granted the State=s motion. We disagree.
Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.08 (Vernon 2006) provides that the trial court in its discretion may order that a second, subsequent sentence begin when a prior sentence ceases or may order that the sentences run concurrently. The record reflects that, while appellant was confined in administrative sequestration at the Smith County Jail, he threw a cup of his urine on a jail sergeant. Appellant was convicted of harassment and sentenced on June 15, 2006. Appellant was later tried for the present offense and sentenced on September 20, 2006. The harassment offense was committed on January 4, 2006, almost a month after the present offense. We disagree with appellant=s contention that the evidence of the harassment offense was so intertwined with the evidence of the aggravated robbery of Sabrina=s car that it was error to stack the sentences. The trial court did not abuse its discretion, and as stated above, sentences within the range authorized by the legislature will not be disturbed on appeal. The third issue is overruled.
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
JIM R. WRIGHT
CHIEF JUSTICE
April 24, 2008
Do not publish. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).
Panel consists of: Wright, C.J.,
McCall, J., and Strange, J.