NO. 12-03-00273-CR
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT
TYLER, TEXAS
MISTY DAWN SISCO, § APPEAL FROM THE 7TH
APPELLANT
V. § JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF
THE STATE OF TEXAS,
APPELLEE § SMITH COUNTY, TEXAS
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Misty Dawn Sisco appeals her conviction for possession of a controlled substance. Pursuant to the terms of her plea bargain agreement, the trial court sentenced her to six months in jail. She now complains of the trial court’s denial of her motion to suppress. We affirm.
Background
At the hearing on the motion to suppress, Chief Gary Don Lewis, of the Bullard Police Department, explained the events that led to Appellant’s arrest. He had received a call from a resident requesting him to check on her home while she was away because someone had recently broken into it. Shortly before midnight one night, he checked on the house. Everything was fine at that time. He returned to the house about an hour later and found Appellant, whom he has known for a long time, standing by the side door. The screen door, which he had closed earlier, was open. Appellant’s sports utility vehicle was parked in the driveway and an unknown male was sitting in the front passenger seat. Appellant told Lewis that she was there to get her purse. He described her as hyper, wired, and talkative, which was not normal for her. He suspected she was “high on something.”
Lewis saw a square bag on the floor between the passenger’s legs. For safety reasons, he asked Appellant what it was and if he could see it. She handed the bag to him. There was some make-up and a syringe in the bag. At that point, a Smith County officer arrived as backup. Using a flashlight, that officer looked in the back of the vehicle. He and Lewis saw a pistol case between the seats, next to the passenger. Being concerned that there might be a firearm in the vehicle, Lewis asked Appellant for consent to search it. She did not consent. He retrieved the pistol case and looked inside. He saw a clear plastic baggy containing residue he believed to be methamphetamine, a pocket knife, and some keys. Lewis then arrested Appellant and the passenger for possession of methamphetamine.
On cross-examination, Lewis agreed the pistol case is made out of a soft leather or leather-like material that is easy to feel through. He stated that he did not feel the case before opening it. He was looking for weapons but, although it would have been easy to tell if there was a gun in the bag by feeling of the outside, he would not do so because he might get stuck by a bad needle.
Motion to Suppress
In two issues, Appellant asserts the trial court erred in failing to suppress the drugs because they were found as the result of an illegal search and seizure in violation of her rights under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article one, Section nine of the Texas Constitution. Specifically, she contends that the arresting officer had no probable cause to open the bag and his failure to feel the outside of the bag prior to opening it and searching it constituted an illegal search.
Applicable Law
A trial court’s decision on a motion to suppress is reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard. Guzman v. State, 955 S.W.2d 85, 89 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). An appellate court should give almost total deference to a trial court’s determination of historical facts supported by the record, especially when the trial court’s fact findings are based on an evaluation of credibility and demeanor. Id. We consider de novo issues that are purely questions of law, such as whether reasonable suspicion existed at the time of the search or seizure. Id. at 87. In a motion to suppress hearing, the trial court is the sole trier of fact and judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. State v. Ross, 32 S.W.3d 853, 855 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). When the trial court fails to file findings of fact, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s ruling and assume that the trial court made implicit findings of fact that support its ruling as long as those findings are supported by the record. Id. If the trial court’s decision is correct on any theory of law applicable to the case, the decision will be sustained. Id.
During the course of a temporary detention, an officer may conduct a limited search for weapons if reasonably warranted for his safety or the safety of others. Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 27, 88 S. Ct. 1868, 1883, 20 L. Ed. 2d 889 (1968). The search may include the passenger compartment of an automobile if the police officer possesses a reasonable belief based on specific and articulable facts which, taken together with the rational inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant the officer in believing that the suspect is dangerous and the suspect may gain immediate control of weapons. Michigan v. Long, 463 U.S. 1032, 1050-51, 103 S. Ct. 3469, 3481, 77 L. Ed. 2d 1201 (1983). The search must be limited to areas in which a weapon may be hidden. Id., 463 U.S. at 1049, 103 S. Ct. at 3481. If, while conducting a legitimate Terry search of the interior of the automobile, the officer discovers contraband other than weapons, he is not required to ignore it. Id., 463 U.S. at 1050, 103 S. Ct. at 3481.
Discussion
Appellant was on property that did not belong to her, in the middle of the night, apparently trying to get into the house. The house had recently been broken into and the owner, concerned that it might happen again, had requested the Sheriff to check on it. Appellant was not acting normally and Lewis believed her to be under the influence of some drug. Lewis found a syringe in a bag in the vehicle. The only other item he searched was a gun case, an item normally used to carry a gun. The gun case was located immediately next to the passenger, whom Lewis did not know. Considering these circumstances, we conclude Lewis had a reasonable belief that the limited search was warranted for safety reasons. See id., 463 U.S. at 1050-51, 103 S. Ct. at 3481. The search was therefore authorized by the Fourth Amendment. See id. The Texas Constitution does not provide greater rights than the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Hulit v. State, 982 S.W.2d 431, 436 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998).
Appellant argues that Lewis was required to feel the outside of the bag for weapons before opening it. We find no authority for such a requirement. Further, considering the soft material the gun case was made of and the implication that drugs may be involved, we cannot disagree with Lewis’s decision to take the safer route. As the search of the gun case was constitutionally authorized, the trial court did not err in denying Appellant’s motion to suppress the methamphetamine found in the gun case. See Guzman, 955 S.W.2d at 89. We overrule Appellant’s issues one and two.
Conclusion
Lewis’s actions were authorized by both the federal and state constitutions. Therefore, the trial court properly denied Appellant’s motion to suppress.
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
JAMES T. WORTHEN
Chief Justice
Opinion delivered June 23, 2004.
Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Griffith, J. and DeVasto.
(DO NOT PUBLISH)
COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT OF TEXAS
JUDGMENT
JUNE 23, 2004
NO. 12-03-00273-CR
MISTY DAWN SISCO,
Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS,
Appellee
Appeal from the 7th Judicial District Court
of Smith County, Texas. (Tr.Ct.No. 007-0079-03)
THIS CAUSE came to be heard on the appellate record and briefs filed herein, and the same being inspected, it is the opinion of this Court that there was no error in the judgment.
It is therefore ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the judgment of the court below Be In All Things Affirmed and that this decision be certified to the court below for observance.
James T. Worthen, Chief Justice.
Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Griffith, J., and DeVasto, J.
THE STATE OF TEXAS
M A N D A T E
TO THE 7TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF SMITH COUNTY, GREETINGS:
Before our Court of Appeals for the 12th Court of Appeals District of Texas, on the 23rd day of June, 2004, the cause upon appeal to revise or reverse your judgment between
MISTY DAWN SISCO, Appellant
NO. 12-03-00273-CR and Tr. Ct. Case Number 007-0079-03
Opinion by Chief Justice James T. Worthen.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
was determined; and therein our said Court made its order in these words:
THIS CAUSE came to be heard on the appellate record and briefs filed herein, and the same being inspected, it is the opinion of this Court that there was no error in the judgment.
It is therefore ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the judgment of the court below Be In All Things Affirmed and that this decision be certified to the court below for observance.
WHEREAS, YOU ARE HEREBY COMMANDED to observe the foregoing order of said Court of Appeals for the Twelfth Court of Appeals District of Texas in this behalf, and in all things have it duly recognized, obeyed, and executed.
WITNESS, THE HONORABLE JAMES T. WORTHEN, Chief Justice of said Court of Appeals for the Twelfth Court of Appeals District, with the Seal thereof affixed, at the City of Tyler, this the ______ day of __________________, 200_.
CATHY S. LUSK, CLERK
By:_______________________________
Deputy Clerk