NUMBER 13-06-261-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
MATTHEW TREVINO, A/K/A MATTHEW LOPEZ, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 148th District Court
of Nueces County, Texas
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Rodriguez and Garza
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Rodriguez
A jury convicted appellant, Matthew Trevino, a/k/a Matthew Lopez, of aggravated assault. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 22.02(a)(2) (Vernon Supp. 2006). He was sentenced to fifteen years in prison. By two points of error, appellant contends the trial court erred in overruling his motion for a directed verdict of acquittal and in allowing improper rebuttal testimony over appellant's objections. We affirm.
I. Denial of Motion for Directed Verdict
In his first point of error, appellant asserts the trial court erred by not granting his motion for a directed verdict. Appellant specifically challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support the jury's determination that he committed the aggravated assault.
A. Standard of Review and Applicable Law
A challenge to a trial court's denial of a motion for a directed verdict is treated as a challenge to the legal sufficiency of the evidence. Williams v. State, 937 S.W.2d 479, 482 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996); Lemoine v. State, 85 S.W.3d 385, 387 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 2002, pet. ref'd); Hime v. State, 998 S.W.2d 893, 896 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1999, pet. ref'd). An appellate court, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, reviews the legal sufficiency of the evidence by determining whether any rational juror could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) (citing Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318-19, 9 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 550 (1979); Powell v. State, 194 S.W.3d 503, 506 (Tex. Crim App. 2006); Guevara v. State, 152 S.W.3d 45, 49 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004)); Rosillo v. State, 953 S.W.2d 808, 811 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 1997, pet. ref'd).
When reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence, an appellate court must defer to the jury as to the weight and credibility given to the witnesses' testimony. See Marshall v. State, 210 S.W.3d 618, 625 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006). It is the jury's sole function to assign credibility to the witnesses, assess the strength of the evidence, and resolve conflicts of fact. Martinez v. State, 198 S.W.3d 36, 50 (Tex. App.--Corpus Christi 2006, no pet.).
We measure the legal sufficiency of the evidence by the elements of the offense as defined by the hypothetically correct jury charge. Malik v. State, 953 S.W.2d 234, 240 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). "Such a charge would accurately set out the law, would be authorized by the indictment, and would not unnecessarily increase the State's burden of proof." Id. Under a hypothetically correct jury charge, the elements of the offense of aggravated assault are: (1) appellant, (2) intentionally or knowingly, (3) threatened another with imminent bodily injury, (4) by using or exhibiting a deadly weapon. Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 22.02(a)(2) (Vernon Supp. 2006).B. Analysis
By his first issue, appellant claims the State failed to prove his identity as the assailant, one of the elements of aggravated assault. See id. He claims the evidence is legally insufficient to prove his identity beyond a reasonable doubt because the witnesses could not identify him as the shooter. (1)
Tommy Thomas, the victim, testified that he did not see the shooter's face. However, he testified that the man who fired a shot at him identified himself as "Matt, Brenda Lopez's brother." Thomas dated Lopez for about one and half years. He testified that he met various members of Lopez's family, including her brother Matthew. He further testified that he knew only one Brenda with a brother named Matt. Although appellant contends that Thomas could not identify him as the shooter, Thomas testified as follows:
Q: Did you immediately - well, you saw part of the person but not all of the face. Is that -
A: I just saw like his face, and that was it. Like, I couldn't see it really good.
Q: Okay. So can you or can you not identify him?
A: Oh, yes, I can identify him.
Q: How is that?
A: He's got a tattoo on his neck, a spider; and you can tell by his face.
Q: But could you see that?
A: No, you couldn't see it.
Thomas also picked appellant from a photo lineup.
In addition, Catherine Jewel, Thomas's next door neighbor who witnessed the incident, testified that appellant was the man pointing the gun at Thomas. She identified appellant as the shooter, testifying as follows:
Q: Okay. You said you looked at him in the eyes?
A: Only when I was standing at the door looking at him. Had the man put sunglasses on, I could not identify him, no. It was his eyes.
Q: Had you ever seen that person before?
A: No, ma'am.
Q: Is that person in the courtroom today?
A: It's the eyes. And if I saw him walking down the street, I would not be able to identify him.
[Defense Counsel]: I'm sorry. I did not understand what she said.
Witness: It is his eyes. If he was walking down the street, I would not be able to identify the man. I had never seen him before and not again until today. It's his eyes.
[Prosecutor]: Your Honor, may the record reflect that the witness has identified the Defendant?
The Court: The record will so reflect.
Jewel also testified that during the questioning by Senior Officer Ralph Lee, she identified appellant "off the record" from a photo lineup. She stated, "I believe it's this gentleman." Then Officer Lee responded, "You're right."
Officer Lee testified, however, that Jewel was unable to identify appellant in the photo lineup and that he marked in his report, "negative results," a notation he uses when a witness is unable to identify an assailant, not when a witness refuses to cooperate. Officer Lee further testified that he did not have an independent recollection of his interview with Jewel when he showed her the photo lineup. On cross-examination, Officer Lee testified as follows regarding the photo lineup:
Q: All right. Is there - and if she had said to you off the record, what would you have documented in your report?
A: It depended on what happened after she told me I need to tell you something off the record.
Q: Okay.
A: Where the conversation went.
Q: Okay. If she would have told you, off the record, yes, I can identify him but I'm not going to identify him on the record, what would - how would you have documented that?
A: I don't know. I don't know what - she would have either told me who she identified or we would have had problems. She would either tell me or she was going to go before the grand jury. And that's what I would have told her.
Q: For obstruction of justice?
A: No, to give testimony before the grand jury. If she was not going to tell me, she was going to have to tell the grand jury. And the grand jury if they choose to do so can do something to her. I can't.
The jury, not the trial court, decides the weight given to the credibility of the witnesses and their testimony, and resolves conflicts in the evidence. Adelman v. State, 828 S.W.2d 418, 423 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992) (en banc); Martinez, 198 S.W.3d at 50. Therefore, the jury was free to believe Thomas's testimony that he could identify appellant as the shooter. See Martinez, 198 S.W.3d at 50. The jury was also free to believe Jewel's testimony that she recognized appellant's eyes and that she identified appellant in a photo lineup off the record. See id.
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, we conclude that there was sufficient evidence for a jury to find that appellant committed the offense. See Hooper, 214 S.W.3d at 13; Rosillo, 953 S.W.2d at 811. The trial court did not err by denying appellant's motion for directed verdict. We, therefore, overrule appellant's first point of error.
II. Rebuttal Testimony
In his second point of error, appellant generally complains that the trial court erred in allowing rebuttal testimony over appellant's objection. However, in accordance with rule 38.1(h) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, we will only consider contentions that are supported by clear and concise arguments with appropriate citations to authorities and the record. Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(h); Rhoades v. State, 934 S.W.2d 113, 119 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996) (en banc). Appellant has provided no authority to support this contention and, thus, has failed to preserve error. See Tufele v. State, 130 S.W.3d 267, 271 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, no pet.). Because this issue is inadequately briefed, we overrule appellant's second point of error.
III. Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
NELDA V. RODRIGUEZ
Justice
Do not publish.
Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).
Memorandum Opinion delivered and
filed this 27th day of September, 2007.
1. Appellant also contends the testimony is factually insufficient to support the trial court's denial of his motion for directed verdict. However, we treat a challenge to a trial court's denial of a directed verdict as a challenge to the legal sufficiency of the evidence. Williams v. State, 937 S.W.2d 479, 482 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996) (stating "The court's duty is not to reweigh the evidence from reading a cold record but to position itself as a final, due process safeguard ensuring only the rationality of the factfinder."). Therefore, we need not address appellant's factual sufficiency contentions.