NUMBER 13-07-089-CV
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
FELIPE DUENAS, Appellant,
v.
MARIA DUENAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 309th District Court
of Harris County, Texas
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Benavides and Vela
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Vela
This is a divorce, contested termination of parental rights, and property division case. Appellant, Felipe Duenas, raises issues on appeal complaining of the trial court's refusal to relinquish his parental rights, denying his right to a jury trial, and awarding
more of the community estate to appellee, Maria Duenas. We affirm.
I. Background
A. Relinquishment of Parental Rights
Maria originally filed suit for divorce against Felipe in 2002. The couple married in 1992, after the births of their two children, and ceased to live together in 2002. On June 10, 2005, Felipe filed an amended counterclaim for divorce and sought to relinquish his parental rights. In Felipe's pleading, he first urged that he was not the father of the minor children and asked that his parental rights be terminated. The record reveals a history of family disharmony, including issues of domestic violence and disturbance calls to the police department. The trial court refused to relinquish his parental rights.
At trial, Maria testified that there were two children born of the marriage. She asked that she be made managing conservator of the children. According to Maria, the children's birth certificates name Felipe as the father. She further stated that DNA testing suggested that there was a 99.9% chance that Felipe was the father of the two children. Felipe agreed that he was the presumed father based on DNA testing. Thus, he did not dispute at trial that the two children were his; rather, he now asks that his parental rights be terminated "for the love that was lost and the abuse of the kids, you know, with the mother."
Felipe testified he was voluntarily relinquishing his rights because it was best for the future. He stated he had been physically abused by the two children. He also urged that Maria was physically abusive to him. Felipe testified that he had not seen the children since April of 2003. His daughter told him that they had a new father and that they did not want to see him again. On cross-examination, Felipe said that he did not buy them birthday or Christmas presents and admitted that he did not love the children. He stopped loving them when he heard "from their lips that they love another person besides their father."
Maria agreed to a standard possession order. According to Maria, Felipe and the children do not have a good relationship. She concurred that Felipe does not want to see the children and has nothing to do with the educational, medical, or psychological decisions that have been made on the children's behalf. She testified that she wants the children to have visitation with their father because they love him very much. The children want a relationship with him, but he does not want one with them. Maria testified that she believes that Felipe is using the children to hurt her.
B. Community Estate
The trial court ordered all personal effects, such as jewelry furnishings, art, and equipment within Maria's possession, as well as retirement plans existing by reason of her employment, to her. The court made a nearly identical order with regard to those items in Felipe's control. The court gave 100% ownership of the home to Maria and the children. The court ordered 100% of the home in Guadalajara, Mexico to Felipe. The trial court divided the debts to require each to pay his or her own debts incurred since their date of separation. Each party was required to pay his or her own attorney's fees.
C. Right to Trial by Jury
Felipe argued that he paid the jury fee but was not allowed a trial by jury. The record reflects that Felipe paid a jury fee on January 28, 2004. Felipe made a written request for jury trial in his amended answer on March 29, 2006. Trial began on June 21, 2006. The Reporter's Record does not reflect an objection by Felipe to proceeding without a jury prior to its commencement. The Clerks' Record reflects no objection to proceeding with the divorce hearing without a jury.
II. Analysis
A. Relinquishment of Parental Rights
Felipe argues in his brief that the trial court erred in failing to allow him to voluntarily relinquish his parental rights. He claims that it is a parent's right to determine the best interests of a child, citing Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973). Felipe urges that the only issue is whether he voluntarily signed the affidavit of relinquishment. The trial court thought differently, and so do we.
A parent has the duty to care, direct the religious and moral training, control, protect, support, and educate a child. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 151.001(a)(1)-(11) (Vernon Supp. 2006). The parent-child relationship is one of the most significant and protected relationships in our jurisprudence. See Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 758-59 (1982); Holick v. Smith, 685 S.W.2d 18, 20 (Tex. 1985). It is protected to such a degree that it is of federal constitutional dimensions. See Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. at 758-59. The termination of parental rights is final and ends all legal ties between the parent and child, except inheritance rights. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.206(b) (Vernon Supp. 2006-07). Termination is such a drastic remedy and is of such weight and gravity that there is a heightened burden of proof of clear and convincing evidence. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001 (Vernon 2006-07).
A trial court may grant a parent's suit for termination if it is in the best interest of the child. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.005(a) (Vernon 2002); Linan v. Linan, 632 S.W.2d 155, 156 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 1982, no writ). However, no parent may blithely walk away from his or her parental responsibilities. In re A.B., 444 N.W.2d 415, 419 (Wis. Ct. App. 1989). Several courts from other jurisdictions have rejected voluntary termination petitions under circumstances akin to this one. See, e.g., In re Bruce R., 662 A.2d 107, 117 (Conn. 1995)("On the basis of the statutory scheme and the over-whelming [sic] public policy in support of requiring that parents be held financially responsible for their children's support, we conclude that the trial court must consider the financial condition of the parents as one of the factors in determining the best interest of the child in contested consensual petitions to terminate parental rights."); In re D.W.K, 365 N.W.2d 32, 35 (Iowa 1985) (father expressed no interest in his child; his consensual termination petition was denied in the best interest of the child where termination would "ultimately . . . open a hatch for a parent to escape his or her duty to support a child"); R.H. v. M.K., 603 A.2d 995, 998 (N.J. 1991) (parent may not voluntarily surrender his or her parental rights other than in adoption context). The trial court had before it evidence of a discordant family. Felipe testified he had been hurt by the perceived rebuff of his minor children. There was abundant evidence of a vitriolic relationship between Maria and Felipe. There was no serious contention, however, that Felipe was not the biological father of the two children. Hurt, anger, and disappointment, however, should not be enough to legally destroy a parent-child relationship. If we were to second guess the trial court's ruling, we would be condoning Felipe's abandonment of his personal responsibility to support his biological offspring and opening the door for other angry and disappointed parents to do the same. We agree with the trial court's ruling that termination is not in the best interest of the children, and we will not disturb it. Appellant's first issue is overruled.
B. Division of Property
A trial court shall order the property to be divided in a just and right manner, having due regard for the rights of each party and any children of the marriage. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 7.001 (Vernon 2006). A trial court has wide discretion in dividing marital property and that division will only be overturned on appeal when an abuse of discretion is proven. Zieba v. Martin, 928 S.W.2d 782, 786 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1996, no writ). The mere fact that a trial judge may decide a matter within its discretionary authority differently from an appellate judge is not an abuse of discretion. Jones v. Jones, 804 S.W.2d 623, 624 (Tex. App.-Texarkana 1991, no writ). An appellate court will not reverse a trial court's division of property unless it determines it to be manifestly unjust and unfair. Mann v. Mann, 607 S.W.2d 243, 245 (Tex. 1980); Vandiver v. Vandiver, 4 S.W.3d 300, 303 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 1999, pet. denied). A trial court may consider a myriad of factors, including: 1) fault; 2) disparity of incomes; 3) benefits the innocent spouse would have received from the continuation of the marriage; 4) business opportunities; 5) education and training;(6) relative financial conditions and obligations; 7) size of respective estates and the nature of the property; 8) custody of the children; 9) excessive community property gifts to others or waste of community assets; and 10) tax consequences. Zieba 928 S.W.2d at 790-1.
Felipe presents only two arguments with regard to the property division: 1) the trial court erred in dividing the property because it did not take into consideration Maria's alleged adultery; and 2) Maria did not file a sworn inventory or financial statement.
It is clear from the evidence discussed above regarding the division of the property that the trial court heard evidence regarding the couple's property and divided it in a manner that was just and right, keeping in mind that Maria had been the children's primary care-giver. Neither party disputed the evidence at trial that Maria had two other children by a man other than Felipe. However, Felipe's children were almost solely in Maria's care.
The parties also agreed that all exhibits would be admitted without objection. Contrary to Felipe's claim, a review of the exhibits shows a financial information statement prepared and signed by Maria. While not sworn, there was no objection to its admission. The trial court also heard ample evidence to warrant the property division it made. We find that the trial court divided the property in a just and right manner. We overrule appellant's second issue.
C. Right to a Jury Trial
Finally, Felipe argues that he did not waive his right to a jury trial. A party waives its request for a jury trial if there is no objection when the trial court begins a nonjury trial. In re D.R., 177 S.W.3d 574, 580 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, pet. denied). Felipe did not timely object. We overrule Felipe's third issue.
III. Conclusion
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
ROSE VELA
Justice
Memorandum Opinion delivered and
filed this 12th day of July, 2007.