NUMBER 13-06-00170-CV
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
ANN M. FERNANDEZ, Appellant,
v.
THE JOHN G. AND MARIE STELLA
KENEDY MEMORIAL FOUNDATION, Appellee.
On appeal from the 105th District Court of Nueces County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Yañez and Benavides
Memorandum Opinion by Chief Justice Valdez
By petition for bill of review, Ann Fernandez, appellant, directly attacked an agreed
judgment rendered in 1975. The John G. and Marie Stella Kenedy Memorial Foundation
(the “Foundation”), appellee, moved for summary judgment and an anti-suit injunction. The
district court granted the Foundation’s motion for summary judgment and issued an anti-
suit injunction. Fernandez, by six issues, complains that the district court (1) lacked
jurisdiction to render a summary judgment; (2) erred by granting a permanent anti-suit
injunction; (3) erred in not applying the discovery rule; (4) erred in applying the law
governing bills of review; (5) misapplied this State’s standing and ripeness doctrines; and
(6) lacked sufficient evidence to grant summary judgment on adverse possession grounds.
We reverse and remand the summary judgment with instructions to abate the case and
reverse and render a denial of the anti-suit injunction.
I. BACKGROUND 1
The judgment that Fernandez attacks is a settlement agreement entered by the
district court in the estate of Sarita Kenedy East. Fernandez contends that she is the sole
child of John G. Kenedy Jr., East’s brother, and therefore, she is East’s niece. In her
petition for an equitable bill of review (“petition”), Fernandez asserts that she was a
necessary party to the settlement agreement and seeks to overturn the district court
judgment that incorporates the settlement agreement (the “Agreed Judgment Case”).
Before petitioning the district court for an equitable bill of review, Fernandez filed an
heirship application in East’s probate court case in Kenedy County. Shortly after filing her
petition in district court, Fernandez moved to abate her district court petition on grounds
that the probate court held dominant jurisdiction over the probate issues in the case.2 The
1
As this is a m em orandum opinion and the parties are fam iliar with the facts and legal issues, we will
not recite them here except as necessary to advise the parties of the Court's decision and the basic reasons
for it. See T EX . R. A PP . P. 47.4.
2
The probate court attem pted to transfer Fernandez’s district court petition to itself. W e, however,
held that the probate court did not have statutory authority to transfer Fernandez’s petition and directed the
probate court to vacate its transfer order. In re Kenedy Mem'l Found., 159 S.W .3d 133, 146 (Tex.
App.–Corpus Christi 2004, orig. proceeding).
2
Foundation moved for both no-evidence and traditional summary judgments on various
grounds, including laches and adverse possession. Fernandez amended her motion to
abate and also moved to continue the case. The district court denied Fernandez’s
abatement and continuance motions and granted the Foundation a summary judgment
without providing a rationale. The district court also issued an anti-suit injunction which
prohibited Fernandez from proceeding with her probate matters in East’s estate. This
appeal ensued.
II. DISCUSSION
In her first issue, Fernandez contends that the district court lacked jurisdiction to
determine Fernandez’s probate issues and should have abated its proceedings until the
probate court disposed of Fernandez’s heirship application.3 We review the trial court's
action in granting or denying a plea in abatement using an abuse of discretion standard.
See Wyatt v. Shaw Plumbing Co., 760 S.W.2d 245, 248 (Tex. 1988); Davis v. Guerrero,
64 S.W.3d 685, 691 (Tex. App.–Austin 2002, no pet.)
3
Fernandez’s first issue challenges the district court’s action on two jurisdictional grounds.
Fernandez's first jurisdictional argum ent is that the bill of review was not properly before the district court. She
notes that the probate court did not follow this Court's direction by failing to vacate its order transferring the
Agreed Judgm ent Case from district court to probate court. In re Kenedy Mem'l Found., 159 S.W .3d 133, 146
(Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2004, orig. proceeding). She argues that because the probate court's transfer
order was never vacated, the case had "never been physically transferred back" to the district court and that,
therefore, the district court lacked jurisdiction.
Fernandez's “never-transferred-back” argum ent fails because any order rendered by a trial court
lacking in jurisdiction, other than granting a m otion to dism iss, is void and should be regarded as if it never
existed. See State ex rel. Latty v. Owens, 907 S.W .2d 484, 485 (Tex. 1995); Greathouse v. McConnell, 982
S.W .2d 165, 167 (Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, pet. denied). W e previously held that the probate judge
"had no authority under section 5B of the probate code to order the transfers and abused his discretion in
doing so." In re Kenedy Mem 'l Found., 159 S.W .3d at 146. Therefore, the probate court's transfer orders
should be regarded as if they never existed. Fernandez's first jurisdictional argum ent fails.
W e construe Fernandez's second jurisdictional argum ent as a challenge to the district court's denial
of her abatem ent m otion. T EX . R. A PP . P. 38.1(e) ("The statem ent of an issue or point will be treated as
covering every subsidiary question that is fairly included."), 38.9.
3
The record is clear. On May 9, 2002, Fernandez filed an application for heirship and
suit for accounting and distribution in the probate court. On May 14, 2003, Fernandez filed
the instant petition for an equitable bill of review. Fernandez moved to abate the district
court proceeding on August 26, 2003 and amended her abatement motion on March 21,
2006.
To maintain her bill of review proceeding, Fernandez was required to show that she
had a then-existing right or interest in the Agreed Judgment Case. See Rodriguez ex rel.
Rodriguez v. EMC Mortgage Corp., 94 S.W.3d 795, 798 (Tex. App.–San Antonio 2002, no
pet.) (providing that to maintain standing in a bill of review proceeding, the petitioner must
have been a party to the underlying judgment or have had a then-existing right or interest
in the district court’s judgment). Fernandez sought abatement on the grounds that the
probate court controlled the issue of whether she was one of East’s heirs, which was
central to her bill of review petition because an interest in East’s estate would allow her to
demonstrate standing in the Agreed Judgment Case.
We conclude Fernandez established a need to abate the proceeding because (1)
her heirship application in the probate court was filed on May 9, 2002, which was nearly
a year before she filed the equitable bill of review proceeding in district court; (2) her
heirship application is currently pending; (3) the same parties are involved; and (4) the
controversies are the same. See S. County Mut. Ins. Co. v. Ochoa, 19 S.W.3d 452, 468
(Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2000, no pet.) (op. on reh'g) (detailing the four elements a party
must show in requesting an abatement).
The Foundation opposed abatement because in its opinion, the probate court did
not have jurisdiction to entertain Fernandez’s heirship application. Therefore, it reasoned,
4
the district court exerted dominant jurisdiction over the case. The Foundation, however,
did not offer any probate court order that rejects Fernandez’s heirship application.
Additionally, it did not produce any evidence showing that the probate court had dismissed
Fernandez’s heirship application for want of jurisdiction. The Foundation also failed to
present any evidence establishing one of the exceptions to the abatement rule. See Wyatt,
760 S.W.2d at 248.
In Fernandez v. Frost Nat’l Bank, et al., No. 13-06-149-CV, slip op. at 12, 2008 Tex.
App. LEXIS _____, at *___ (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi May __, 2008, no pet. h.), we held
that a district court should abate a petition for bill of review brought by an alleged heir until
the probate court determines the heirship question at the heart of the petition for bill of
review. Id. The same rule applies to this case. We conclude that the district court abused
its discretion in denying Fernandez’s motion to abate. We sustain Fernandez’s first issue.4
By her second issue, Fernandez challenges the anti-suit injunction issued by the
district court that enjoins her from:
taking any further action in the County Court of Kenedy County, Texas,
inconsistent with the judgments of [the district court] which denied all claims
and relief sought in Fernandez’s “Application for Declaration of Heirship and
Suit for Accounting and Distribution” filed in this cause, including, but not
limited to, Fernandez’s request seeking to reopen East’s Estate, to establish
an interest in property distributed from East’s Estate to the Foundation,
without further order from [the district court].
The decision to issue an anti-suit injunction rests within the sound discretion of the trial
court. London Mkt. Ins. v. Am. Home Assurance Co., 95 S.W.3d 702, 705 (Tex.
4
This relieves us from having to address Fernandez’s third, fourth, fifth, and sixth issues, for their
resolution would not further affect the outcom e of this appeal. T EX . R. A PP . P. 47.1. Thus, the legal questions
surrounding Fernandez’s third through sixth issues, including the Foundation’s grounds for sum m ary
judgm ent, rem ain unanalyzed by this Court.
5
App.–Corpus Christi 2003, no pet.).
In reviewing the trial court's decision, we are to draw inferences from the evidence
in the manner most favorable to the trial court's ruling. See id. "A trial court abuses its
discretion when it acts arbitrarily and unreasonably, without reference to guiding rules or
principles, or misapplies the law to the established facts of the case." Id. (quoting Downer
v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241-42 (Tex. 1985)). A trial court is within
its power to base a decision on conflicting evidence; however, that evidence must
reasonably support the trial court's decision. Harbor Perfusion, Inc. v. Floyd, 45 S.W.3d
713, 717 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2001, no pet.).
The Texas Supreme Court has determined that there are four instances in which
an anti-suit injunction is appropriate: (1) to address a threat to the court's jurisdiction; (2)
to prevent the evasion of important public policy; (3) to prevent a multiplicity of suits; or (4)
to protect a party from vexatious or harassing litigation. Golden Rule Ins. Co. v. Harper,
925 S.W.2d 649, 651 (Tex. 1996) (per curiam); London Mkt., 95 S.W.3d at 705-06. There
are no precise guidelines to determine the appropriateness of an anti-suit injunction, and
the circumstances of each situation must be carefully examined. See Gannon v. Payne,
706 S.W.2d 304, 307 (Tex. 1986); London Mkt., 95 S.W.3d at 709.
Fernandez complains that the district court was could not issue the anti-suit
injunction. We agree. We have held that a district court that lacks probate jurisdiction
cannot enjoin a party from proceeding in probate court. See Fernandez, No. 13-06-149-
CV, slip op. at 14, 2008 Tex. App. LEXIS _____, at *___. Additionally, we do not find any
of the instances that would support an anti-suit injunction to be present in this case. See
6
id.; see also Harper, 925 S.W.2d at 651 (Tex. 1996). Fernandez’s second issue is
sustained.
III. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we reverse the summary judgment and remand the case to the district
court so that it can abate the underlying petition until the probate court resolves
Fernandez’s heirship application. Finally, the anti-suit injunction is reversed and a denial
of the Foundation’s request for injunctive relief is rendered.
/s/ ROGELIO VALDEZ
ROGELIO VALDEZ,
Chief Justice
Memorandum Opinion delivered and filed
this the 22nd day of May, 2008.
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