City of Corpus Christi, Texas v. Joe O'brien

NUMBER 13-08-00267-CV

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG

CITY OF CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS, Appellant,

v.

JOE O’BRIEN, ET AL., Appellees.

On appeal from the 28th District Court of Nueces County, Texas.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Justices Rodriguez, Garza, and Vela
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Garza

Appellant, the City of Corpus Christi (the “City”), appeals from a permanent

injunction issued in favor of appellees, Joe O’Brien, Jack Gordy, and the Corpus Christi

Taxpayers Association, Inc.1 (collectively “O’Brien”). By issuing the permanent injunction,

the trial court prohibited the City from allowing the Mayor and members of the City Council

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On March 28, 2008, the City filed a plea to the jurisdiction as to the Corpus Christi Taxpayers
Association, Inc. (the “Association”), alleging that it was not a taxpayer and, therefore, did not have standing
to bring an action. In its “FINAL JUDGMENT AND PERMANENT INJUNCTION,” the trial court concluded that
it had “jurisdiction of this case and of all parties.” The City does not re-urge its standing argum ent on appeal
as to the Association.
to participate in the City’s health insurance plan on the same basis as the City’s full-time

employees. By one issue, the City contends that the trial court erred in issuing the

permanent injunction because the City Charter does not bar the Mayor or City Council

members from participating in the City’s health insurance at the same level as the City’s

full-time employees. We dissolve the permanent injunction, reverse the judgment of the

trial court, and render judgment in favor of the City.

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

The City maintains a group health insurance plan for its employees. Prior to this

lawsuit, the Mayor and members of the City Council were allowed to participate in the

group health insurance plan on the same basis as the City’s full-time employees. In fact,

the Mayor and members of the City Council have participated in the group health insurance

plan for over twenty years.

On July 24, 2007, the City Council passed Ordinance No. 027358, which provided

the following:

Sec. 39-309. Coverage under the [C]ity’s group health plan for eligible
employees and members of the City Council.

....

(c) Members of the City Council are eligible for the City’s group health plan
coverage, and shall contribute at the same rate as full-time employees for
the cost of such coverage.

(d) Members of the City Council shall contribute fifty (50) per cent [sic] of the
cost for dependent group health plan coverage, if such coverage is elected.

(Emphasis in original.) Subsequently, O’Brien filed suit, seeking to: (1) declare Ordinance

No. 027358 void as a matter of law; and (2) enjoin permanently the City from paying health

insurance premiums on behalf of the Mayor and members of the City Council in excess of

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the compensation levels provided in article II, section 7 of the City Charter.2 Essentially,

O’Brien contended that the City’s payment of health insurance premiums on behalf of

members of the City Council and the Mayor constituted compensation and, therefore,

exceeded the compensation levels provided in the City’s Charter—$6,000 per year for

members of the City Council and $9,000 per year for the Mayor.

On April 11, 2008, the trial court conducted a trial on stipulated facts. The parties

stipulated to the following relevant facts:

1. Council members and the Mayor are required to contribute their own
funds for such insurance at the same rate as full-time employees,
and, like full-time employees, they are allowed to procure coverage for
their dependants by paying one-half of the cost of such coverage.

2. The City has offered City Council members and the Mayor health
insurance on the same basis as full-time employees for over 20 years.

On April 24, 2008, the trial court granted O’Brien’s request for a permanent

injunction. The City filed a request for findings of fact and conclusions of law on April 28,

2008. The trial court made the following findings of fact and conclusions of law:

FINDINGS OF FACT

1. The Court finds that the Corpus Christi City Charter provision Article
II Section 7 limits compensation of City Council Members to a sum of
$6,000.00 annually and to the Mayor a sum of $9,000.00 annually.

2. The Court finds that the City of Corpus Christi paid premiums for
health insurance.

3. The Court finds that premiums paid for health insurance exceeds [sic]

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Article II, section 7 of the City’s Charter specifically provides that:

(a) Each m em ber of the city council, with the exception of the m ayor, shall receive as
com pensation the sum of six thousand dollars ($6,000.00) during each year of service on the
council, such sum to be paid in equal installm ents throughout the year.

(b) The m ayor shall receive as com pensation the sum of nine thousand dollars ($9,000.00)
during each year of service on the council, such sum to be paid in equal installm ents
throughout the year.

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 compensation limits per Corpus Christi City Charter provision Article
II Section 7.

4. The Court finds that City Ordinance #027358 is inconsistent with
Corpus Christi City Charter provision Article II Section 7.

CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

1. The Court concludes that the Corpus Christi City Charter provision
Article II Section 7 limits compensation of City Council Members to a
sum of $6,000.00 annually and to the Mayor a sum of $9,000.00
annually.

2. The Court concludes that the City of Corpus Christi paid health
insurance premiums for the Mayor and City Council Members and [it]
is compensation.

3. The Court concludes that health insurance premiums exceed
compensation limits pursuant to Corpus Christi City Charter provision
Article II Section 7.

4. The Court concludes that City Ordinance #027358 is in violation of
Corpus Christi City Charter provision Article II Section 7.

(Emphasis in original.) This appeal ensued.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

The grant or refusal of a permanent or temporary injunction is ordinarily within the

sound discretion of the trial court.3 See Haq v. America’s Favorite Chicken Co., 921

S.W.2d 728, 730-31 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 1996, writ dism’d w.o.j.); see also

Huntington Park Condo. Assoc., Inc. v. Wayman, No. 13-05-00464-CV, 2008 Tex. App.

LEXIS 1480, at *2 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi Feb. 28, 2008, no pet.) (mem. op.). On

appeal, our review of the trial court's action is limited to the question of whether the action

constituted a clear abuse of discretion. Priest v. Tex. Animal Health Comm’n, 780 S.W.2d

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A successful applicant for perm anent injunctive relief m ust dem onstrate the following four grounds
of relief: (1) the existence of a wrongful act; (2) the existence of im m inent harm ; (3) the existence of
irreparable injury; and (4) the absence of an adequate rem edy at law. Montfort v. Trek Res., Inc., 198 S.W .3d
344, 350 (Tex. App.–Eastland 2006, no pet.); Priest v. Tex. Anim al H ealth Comm’n, 780 S.W .2d 874, 875
(Tex. App.–Dallas. 1989, no writ).

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874, 875 (Tex. App.–Dallas 1989, no writ).

A trial court does not abuse its discretion when its decision is based on conflicting

evidence and some evidence in the record reasonably supports the trial court's decision.

Triantaphyllis v. Gamble, 93 S.W.3d 398, 402 (Tex. App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, pet.

denied); see Davis v. Huey, 571 S.W.2d 859, 862 (Tex. 1978). A clear abuse of discretion

arises only when the trial court's decision is not supported by some evidence of substantial

and probative character. Envoy Med. Sys., L.L.C. v. State, 108 S.W.3d 333, 335 (Tex.

App.–Austin 2003, no pet.). A party seeking an injunction has the burden of showing that

clear equity demands the injunction. Christensen v. Integrity Ins. Co., 719 S.W.2d 161,

163 (Tex. 1986); Bridas Corp. v. Unocal Corp., 16 S.W.3d 887, 890 (Tex. App.–Houston

[14th Dist.] 2000, pet. dism'd w.o.j.).

III. ANALYSIS

In its sole issue on appeal, the City attacks the trial court’s findings of fact and

conclusions of law, arguing that, as a matter of law, the City Charter does not bar City

Council members from participating in the City’s health insurance plan on the same basis

as the City’s full-time employees. More specifically, the City contends that: (1) chapter

172 of the local government code authorizes political subdivisions to provide health

insurance to city officials on the same basis as regular employees, see TEX . LOC . GOV’T

CODE ANN . §§ 172.002(6), 172.004(a) (Vernon 2008); (2) the City Charter does not set a

maximum limit on compensation; (3) the City Charter only applies to monetary

compensation; and (4) the City “has consistently construed the charter to allow insurance

for council members on the same basis as City employees.”

Conversely, O’Brien asserts that: (1) the City cannot pay the Mayor or City Council

members more compensation that what is clearly provided by the City Charter; and (2) the

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words contained in the City Charter should be construed to set a maximum compensation

limit for the Mayor and City Council members.

A. Applicable Law

Statutory construction is a question of law, and we review a trial court’s

interpretation of statutes under a de novo standard of review. Tex. Dep’t of Transp. v.

Needham, 82 S.W.3d 314, 318 (Tex. 2002). In construing a statute, we must attempt to

determine and to give effect to the Legislature’s intent. Id. In doing so, we look first to the

plain and common meaning of the language of the statute. Id.; see TEX . GOV’T CODE ANN .

§ 311.011 (Vernon 2005). We may not construe a provision of a statute so as to render

another provision absurd or meaningless. See Chevron Corp. v. Redmon, 745 S.W.2d

314, 316 (Tex. 1987); Mueller v. Beamalloy, Inc., 994 S.W.2d 855, 860 (Tex.

App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.). In construing city charters and municipal

ordinances, we use the same rules as we do when construing statutes. Bd. of Adjustment

of San Antonio v. Wende, 92 S.W.3d 424, 430 (Tex. 2002); Hammond v. City of Dallas,

712 S.W.2d 496, 498 (Tex. 1986); City of Austin v. Hyde Park Baptist Church, 152 S.W.3d

162, 165-66 (Tex. App.–Austin 2004, no pet.).

B. Discussion

1. Home-Rule Municipalities

At the outset of our analysis, we note that the parties do not dispute that the City is

organized as a “home-rule municipality.” A “home-rule municipality” is a municipality that

“operates under a municipal charter that has been adopted or amended as authorized by

Article XI, Section 5, of the Texas Constitution.” TEX . LOC . GOV’T CODE ANN . § 5.004

(Vernon 2008); see TEX . CONST . art. XI, § 5; see also In re Sanchez, 81 S.W.3d 794, 796

(Tex. 2002). As a “home-rule municipality,” the City need not look to the legislature for

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grants of power but only for limitations on its powers and may exercise all state powers not

inconsistent with the constitution, general laws, or the city’s charter. See In re Sanchez,

81 S.W.3d at 796; Proctor v. Andrews, 972 S.W.2d 729, 733 (Tex. 1998); see also TEX .

LOC . GOV’T CODE ANN . §§ 51.071-.072 (Vernon 1999) (providing that the home-rule

municipality has full power of local self-government). If the legislature decides to preempt

a subject matter within a home-rule city’s broad powers, it must do so with “unmistakable

clarity.” In re Sanchez, 81 S.W.3d at 796. Moreover, we presume home-rule city charter

provisions to be valid, and the courts cannot interfere unless it is unreasonable and

arbitrary, amounting to a clear abuse of municipal discretion. Id. (citing City of Brookside

Village v. Comeau, 633 S.W.2d 790, 792 (Tex. 1982); City of Houston v. Todd, 41 S.W.3d

289, 295 (Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 2001, pet. denied)). Because the City is a “home-

rule municipality,” we must focus our analysis on the City’s Charter.

2. Health Insurance Benefits as “Compensation”

The crux of the issue pertains to the usage of the term “compensation” in the City

Charter. As previously mentioned, article II, section 7 of the City’s Charter provides that:

(a) Each member of the city council, with the exception of the mayor, shall
receive as compensation the sum of six thousand dollars ($6,000.00) during
each year of service on the council, such sum to be paid in equal
installments throughout the year.

(b) The mayor shall receive as compensation the sum of nine thousand
dollars ($9,000.00) during each year of service on the council, such sum to
be paid in equal installments throughout the year.

The City Charter does not provide any further clarification as to the meaning of

“compensation.” The trial court, in its second conclusion of law, stated that the payment

of health insurance premiums by the City constituted “compensation.”

“Compensation” has been defined as “[r]emuneration and other benefits received

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in return for services rendered; esp. salary or wages.” BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY 227 (7th

ed. 2000); see Op. Tex. Att’y Gen. No. GA-0130 (2003). In applying its plain and common

meaning, it is clear that the City’s payment of health insurance premiums on behalf of City

Council members and the Mayor constituted “compensation” because the premiums were

paid in return for services rendered by the City Council members and the Mayor. See

BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY at 227. This conclusion is in harmony with several opinions

issued by the Texas Attorney General’s Office.4 See Op. Tex. Att’y Gen. No. GA-0130

(2003) (concluding that “‘[c]ompensation’ includes benefits, such as insurance, provided

to officers and employees”); see also Op. Tex. Att’y Gen. No. GA-0449 (2006) (same). We

therefore conclude that the trial court correctly categorized the payment of health insurance

premiums as “compensation” in its second conclusion of law.

3. “Compensation” Limits in the City Charter

We must now examine the City Charter for any language limiting compensation to

City Council members and the Mayor.5 In doing so, we are mindful of the following

statements made by the Texas Attorney General’s Office addressing an issue similar to

the one in the present case:

The answer to your first question depends on how the charter provision
setting city council members’ compensation is construed. If the city charter
is construed to limit council members’ compensation to the stated amounts,
the city may not provide additional compensation in the form of health

4
Although opinions from the Texas Attorney General’s Office are persuasive, they are not controlling
on the courts. See Commissioners Court of Titus County v. Agan, 940 S.W .2d 77, 82 (Tex. 1997) (citing
Holmes v. Morales, 924 S.W .2d 920, 924 (Tex. 1996)).

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Section 141.004 of the local governm ent code states that the “governing body of a hom e-rule
m unicipality m ay set the am ount of com pensation for each officer of the m unicipality.” T EX . L O C . G O V ’T C O DE
A N N . § 141.004 (Vernon 2008). “Hom e-rule m unicipality” officials have broad discretion in exercising their
powers— including decisions pertaining to com pensation—lim ited only by the Texas Constitution, general laws,
or the City’s Charter. See In re Sanchez, 81 S.W .3d 794, 796 (Tex. 2002); see also Edwards v. Murphy, 256
S.W .2d 470, 473-74 (Tex. Civ. App.–Fort W orth 1953, writ dism ’d) (citing T EX . C ON ST . art. XI, § 5).

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 insurance coverage to them. See Lower Colorado River Auth. v. City of San
Marcos, 523 S.W.2d 641, 643-44 (Tex. 1975) (an ordinance or resolution
adopted by a home-rule city must be consistent with the city charter). On the
other hand, if the charter provision is not construed as a limit on city council
members’ compensation, the city may provide them additional compensation
in the form of health insurance. . . . If the charter sets the maximum
compensation for city council members, the City may not provide additional
compensation to city council members absent an amendment to the charter.
See generally TEX . LOC . GOV’T CODE ANN . § 9.004 (Vernon 1999) (election
to amend charter). If the charter does not set their maximum compensation,
the City may provide the additional compensation without a charter
amendment.

Op. Tex. Att’y Gen. No. GA-0130 (2003) at 2-3 (footnotes omitted). The Attorney

General’s Office further noted that it “does not ordinarily construe city charters or

ordinances, in deference to municipal officials’ authority to construe their municipality’s

ordinances and charters.” Id. (citing Op. Tex. Att’y Gen. Nos. GA-0068 (2003) at 2 n.2; JC-

0143 (1999) at 3; JM-846 (1988) at 1).

In its first conclusion of law, the trial court stated that the language contained in

article II, section 7 of the City Charter limited compensation to City Council members and

the Mayor. The only piece of evidence O’Brien provided to the trial court indicating that the

compensation levels included in the City Charter were intended to be the maximum level

of compensation for City Council members and the Mayor was a Corpus Christi Caller

Times newspaper article dated March 29, 1987. In this article, the author, offering his own

interpretation of the City Charter, noted that: “This section also sets maximum salaries at

$6,000 annually for council members and $9,000 annually for the mayor.” However, the

City Charter is conspicuously devoid of any language placing a strict limit on the

compensation afforded to the Mayor or City Council members. The City Charter merely

states that City Council members “shall receive as compensation the sum of six thousand

dollars ($6,000.00) during each year of service on the council” and that the Mayor “shall

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receive as compensation the sum of nine thousand dollars ($9,000.00) during each year

of service on the council.”6 Therefore, in concluding that the City Charter limits

compensation to members of the City Council and the Mayor, the trial court has read more

into the City Charter than what is actually there, which would be contrary to the drafters’

intent. See Needham, 82 S.W.3d at 318 (stating that the reviewing court must look to

determine and give effect to the intent of the drafters).

In its fourth conclusion of law, the trial court stated that Ordinance No. 027358 was

in violation of the City Charter. This conclusion hinged upon the trial court’s findings that:

(1) the payment of health insurance premiums by the City constituted compensation; (2)

the City Charter limited compensation to be paid to City Council members and the Mayor;

and (3) the payment of the health insurance premiums by the City exceeded the maximum

compensation levels contained in the City Charter. Because the City Charter did not

contain any language limiting compensation, we cannot say that the compensation levels

were exceeded; therefore, our conclusion undermines the trial court’s fourth conclusion of

law.

In any event, it is noteworthy that for over twenty years, the City has interpreted the

City Charter to mean that City Council members and the Mayor were entitled to participate

in the City’s health insurance plan on the same basis as the City’s full-time employees,

which was within their broad discretion. See In re Sanchez, 81 S.W.3d at 796; see also

Edwards v. Murphy, 256 S.W.2d 470, 473-74 (Tex. Civ. App.–Fort Worth 1953, writ dism’d)

(citing TEX . CONST . art. XI, § 5). Therefore, the promulgation of Ordinance No. 027358 was

6
At the April 11, 2008 hearing, the City argued that the previous version of the City Charter contained
language explicitly lim iting com pensation to the Mayor and City Council m em bers; that language was not
included in the current version of the City Charter. However, the record does not contain a copy of the
previous version of the City Charter.

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merely an effort to clarify the City Charter and to memorialize the long-standing practice

of providing health insurance coverage to members of the City Council and the Mayor,

which also was within the broad discretion of municipal officials.7 See TEX . LOC . GOV’T

CODE ANN . §§ 51.001(2) (stating that the governing body of the municipality may, among

other things, adopt and publish an ordinance that is “necessary and proper for carrying out

a power granted by law to the municipality or to an office or department of the

municipality”); see also In re Sanchez, 81 S.W.3d at 796; see also Edwards v. Murphy, 256

S.W.2d 470, 473-74 (Tex. Civ. App.–Fort Worth 1953, writ dism’d) (citing TEX . CONST . art.

XI, § 5).

Based on the record before us, we cannot say that Ordinance No. 027358 is

inconsistent with the City Charter. See In re Sanchez, 81 S.W.3d at 796 (stating that all

home-rule city ordinances are presumed to be valid) (citing City of Brookside Village, 633

S.W.2d at 792; City of Houston, 41 S.W.3d at 295). Accordingly, we disagree with the trial

court’s conclusion that the ordinance violates the City Charter.

4. Health Insurance Coverage and the Local Government Code

Furthermore, several sections of the local government code authorize municipalities

to provide health insurance coverage to elected officials. See TEX . LOC . GOV’T CODE ANN .

§§ 172.002(6), 172.004(a) (Vernon 2008). Section 172.004(a) states that “[a] political

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The taxpayers of Corpus Christi m ay petition to am end the City Charter to include lim iting language
as to com pensation of its elected officials. See T EX . L O C . G O V ’T C OD E A N N . § 9.004 (Vernon 2008) (detailing
the process by which the city charter of a “hom e-rule m unicipality” m ay be am ended); see also Burch v. City
of San Antonio, 518 S.W .2d 540, 543 (Tex. 1975) (holding that a “hom e-rule” m unicipality “is em powered to
adopt or am end its charter in any m anner in which it m ay desire, consistent and in accordance with the state
constitution and the general laws of this [s]tate”). Such an am endm ent “is adopted if it is approved by a
m ajority of the qualified voters of the m unicipality who vote at an election held for that purpose.” T EX . L O C .
G O V ’T C OD E A N N . § 9.005(a) (Vernon 2008).

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subdivision[8] . . . directly or through a risk pool may provide health and accident coverage

for political subdivision officials, employees, and retirees or any class of officials,

employees, or retirees, and employees of affiliated service contractors.” See id. §

172.004(a). In addition, section 172.002(6) provides that political subdivisions can

recognize the service of “elected officials and employees of affiliated service contractors

by extending to them the same accident and health benefits coverages as are provided for

political subdivision employees.[9]” Id. § 172.002(6). Even though the City, as a “home-rule

municipality,” was authorized to provide health insurance coverage to City Council

members and the Mayor in the absence of statutory authorization, sections 172.002(6) and

172.004(a) of the local government code provide additional support for the City’s actions.

See id. §§ 172.002(6), 172.004(a).

Based on the foregoing, we find that the trial court abused its discretion in granting

O’Brien’s request for a permanent injunction. See Envoy Med. Sys., L.L.C., 108 S.W.3d

at 335 (noting that a clear abuse of discretion arises only when the trial court's decision is

not supported by some evidence of substantial and probative character). We are not

convinced that the City engaged in a wrongful act that warranted permanent injunctive

relief. See Montfort v. Trek Res., Inc., 198 S.W.3d 344, 350 (Tex. App.–Eastland 2006,

no pet.); Priest, 780 S.W.2d at 875. Further, it is clear to this Court that O’Brien failed to

meet its burden of showing that clear equity demanded the injunction. See Christensen,

8
A political subdivision is defined as “a county, m unicipality, special district, school district, junior
college district, housing authority, or other political subdivision of the state.” Id. § 172.003(3) (Vernon 2008).
Chapter 172 of the local governm ent code does not distinguish between the various types of m unicipalities
that m ay be form ed. See id. §§ 5.001-.904 (Vernon 2008) (stating that a m unicipality can be designated as
a “Type A General-Law Municipality,” a “Type B General-Law Municipality,” a “Type C General-Law
Municipality,” a “Hom e-Rule Municipality,” or a “Special-Law Municipality”).

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The local governm ent code defines an “[e]m ployee” as “a person who works at least 20 hours a
week for a political subdivision.” Id. § 172.003(2).

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719 S.W.2d at 163; see also Bridas Corp., 16 S.W.3d at 890. Accordingly, we sustain the

City’s sole issue on appeal.

IV. CONCLUSION

Having sustained the City’s sole issue on appeal, we dissolve the permanent

injunction, reverse the judgment of the trial court, and render judgment in favor of the City.

DORI CONTRERAS GARZA,
Justice

Memorandum Opinion delivered and
filed this the 5th day of February, 2009.

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