Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus Granted and Memorandum Opinion filed December 16, 2003.
In The
Fourteenth Court of Appeals
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NO. 14-03-01096-CV
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IN RE ANDREW K. BIELEMA, Relator
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ORIGINAL PROCEEDING
WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS
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M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N
This original habeas corpus proceeding arises out of a judgment of contempt holding relator Andrew K. Bielema in violation of a court order for failure to make court-ordered child support payments on dates that preceded entry of the order mandating those payments. We find the judgment of contempt is void insofar as it is based on acts that could not have been performed.
Background
Relator was formerly married to Carmen Bielema, the real party in interest. They were divorced on May 11, 2001. In the divorce decree, the trial court ordered relator to pay child support in the amount of $507.43 per month. On June 24, 2003, Carmen Bielema filed a motion for enforcement of child support in which she alleged relator had not paid $13,660.97 in child support. On September 9, 2003, the trial court signed an order holding relator in contempt for failure to pay child support. The trial court then ordered relator committed to the Harris County Jail for a period of sixty days; however, the trial court suspended commitment and placed relator on probation on the following terms and conditions:
IT IS ORDERED that Respondent, ANDREW K. BIELEMA, pay to CARMEN BIELEMA the sum of $13,868.49, representing past due child support arrearages, as follows:
a. The lump sum of $2,500.00 on or before September 5, 2003; and
b. The remainder to be paid in monthly installments of $200.00 each, with the first installment of $200.00 being due on September 1, 2003, and a like amount being due on the first day of each and every month thereafter until paid in full.
On September 18, 2003, the trial court issued an order revoking suspension of commitment and committing relator to the Harris County Jail for sixty days and from day to day thereafter until relator paid the child support arrearage and Carmen Bielema’s attorney’s fees. In that order, the trial court found relator in contempt for failing to make payments on September 1, September 5, and September 11 pursuant to the order of September 9, 2003.
Issues and Analysis
In nine issues, relator contends the judgment of contempt and the commitment order are void. Relator seeks an order of discharge.
An original habeas corpus proceeding is a collateral attack on a contempt judgment. Ex parte Rohleder, 424 S.W.2d 891, 892 (Tex. 1967). The purpose of a writ of habeas corpus is not to determine the guilt of the contemnor, but only to determine whether he was afforded due process of law or if the order of contempt is void. Ex parte Gordon, 584 S.W.2d 686, 688 (Tex. 1979). A court will issue a writ of habeas corpus if the order underlying the contempt is void, Ex parte Shaffer, 649 S.W.2d 300, 302 (Tex. 1983), or if the contempt order itself is void. Gordon, 584 S.W.2d at 688. An order is void if it is beyond the power of the court to enter it, or if it deprives the relator of liberty without due process of law. Ex parte Barlow, 899 S.W.2d 792, 794 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1995, orig. proceeding).
In issue seven, relator contends the judgment is void because he was held in contempt for failure to comply with an order that mandated him to make payments on dates that preceded the entry of the order. Specifically, the court signed an order on September 9, 2003, requiring relator to make payments on September 1, 2003 and September 5, 2003. A contemnor cannot be held in contempt of court for actions taken or not taken before the court reduces its order to writing. Ex parte Chambers, 898 S.W.2d 257, 262 (Tex. 1995). Violations of an oral order are not subject to constructive contempt punishment. Id. The written order signed by the court evidences a party’s rights and duties. Ex parte Price, 741 S.W.2d 366, 367 (Tex. 1987). Here, the order to make the September 1 and September 5 payments was not reduced to writing until after the “contumacious acts” occurred. At the time the trial court’s order was signed, the date for compliance (September 1 and September 5) already had passed. Therefore, the order is void. See Chambers, 898 S.W.2d at 262.
In her response, Carmen Bielema contends relator was held in contempt for failure to comply with the May 11, 2001, divorce decree, not the order entered on September 9, 2003. To the contrary, the trial court’s commitment order expressly states that relator is to be confined for failure to comply with the September 9, 2003 order, specifically for failure to make payments on September 1, 5, and 11, 2003. Having found the order void, we sustain relator’s seventh issue.
The commitment order assessed a sixty-day sentence for each of twenty-seven separate contempt violations. In the order, the trial court ordered relator to remain confined from day to day until he paid the entire $13,868.49, plus attorney’s fees and costs. If one punishment is assessed for more than one act of contempt, and one or more acts is not punishable by contempt, the entire judgment is void. Ex parte Sealy, 870 S.W.2d 663, 667 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1994, orig. proceeding). Accordingly, we hold the entire judgment of contempt void and order relator discharged.
/s/ Kem Thompson Frost
Justice
Judgment rendered and Memorandum Opinion filed December 16, 2003.
Panel consists of Justices Edelman, Frost, and Guzman.