Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion filed January 17, 2006.
In The
Fourteenth Court of Appeals
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NO. 14-04-00428-CV
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MRS. J.E. MIDDLETON, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
ESTATE OF J.E. MIDDLETON, Appellant
V.
NATIONAL FAMILY CARE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Appellee
_________________________________________________________________
On Appeal from the 190th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 01-61530
_________________________________________________________________
M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N
Appellant Mrs. J.E. Middleton, Individually and as Representative of the Estate of J.E. Middleton (hereinafter AMiddleton@), asserts the trial court erred in (1) determining prejudgment and postjudgment interest in its judgment, (2) not awarding her any attorney=s fees, and (3) not awarding her treble damages based upon the alleged conduct of appellee National Family Care Life Insurance Company (hereinafter ANational Family@) in allegedly knowingly engaging in unfair settlement practices and misrepresentations. Middleton presents several interesting and creative arguments in support of her appellate issues. Through counsel, Middleton made a forceful, articulate, and cogent presentation of her appellate points in oral argument to this court. But there is no reporter=s record of the trial in this case, so we cannot reach the merits of Middleton=s claims. Because we are bound by the dual presumption that the omitted record is relevant to the disposition of this appeal and that it supports the trial court=s judgment, we affirm.
I. Background
Middleton sued National Family, alleging that the insurer breached its obligations under an insurance contract. Middleton also asserted claims for (1) breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing, (2) knowing and intentional breaches of article 21.21 and 21.55(6) of the Texas Insurance Code, and (3) alleged violations of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act. On February 18, 2003, the trial court conducted a bench trial in this case. There is no reporter=s record of any part of the trial. On January 9, 2004, the trial court signed a modified final judgment awarding Middleton $11,000, prejudgment interest of $1,969, five-percent postjudgment interest, and court costs.
On appeal, Middleton asserts that the rate of prejudgment and postjudgment interest in the trial court=s judgment should have been eighteen percent under section 304.002 of the Texas Finance Code because the judgment is based on a contract that allegedly provides for time price differential. See Tex. Fin. Code Ann. ' 304.002 (Vernon Supp. 2005). Middleton also asserts that the trial court erred in not awarding attorney=s fees, which Middleton asserts are mandatory under Chapter 38 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. See Tex. Civ. Pract. & Rem. Code Ann. ' 38.001, et seq. In her final issue, Middleton asserts that she should have been awarded attorney=s fees and treble damages under article 21.21 of the Texas Insurance Code because National Family knowingly engaged in unfair settlement practices and misrepresentations.
II. Analysis
A. Request for Judicial Notice
Before we address Middleton=s appellate issues, as a threshold matter, we address her request that this court take judicial notice on appeal of the evidence from the trial. Middleton has cited no rule or case that would allow such judicial notice, and we have found none. Because the evidence at trial does not constitute laws, ordinances, or rules, Texas Rules of Evidence 202 through 204 do not apply. See Tex. R. Evid. 202B204. The evidence allegedly admitted in the bench trial is not generally known within the territorial jurisdiction of the trial court, and it is not capable of accurate and ready determination by resort to sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned. Therefore, we may not take judicial notice under Texas Rule of Evidence 201. See Tex. R. Evid. 201; In re J.L., 163 S.W.3d 79, 83B84 (Tex. 2005) (holding that court of appeals erred in taking judicial notice of expert testimony from other proceeding because the testimony did not satisfy the requirements of Rule 201). The parties have not stipulated to an agreed record or an agreed statement of the case. See Tex. R. App. P. 34.2, 34.3. We cannot recreate through judicial notice the evidence allegedly offered at a trial for which there is no reporter=s record. Accordingly, we deny Middleton=s request that we take judicial notice of the evidence from the bench trial.
B. Presumptions in the Absence of a Reporter=s Record
There is no reporter=s record of the trial. In the absence of a complete record, certain presumptions apply, unless this appeal is one based upon a partial reporter=s record. We note that Middleton has not undertaken an appeal based upon a partial reporter=s record. See Tex. R. App. P. 34.6(c). More specifically, she did not request a partial reporter=s record under Rule 34.6(c), nor did she submit a statement of points or issues under that rule. See id. Therefore, this is not a Rule 34.6(c) case. See Bennett v. Cochran, 96 S.W.3d 227, 229 (Tex. 2002). Because Middleton did not comply with Rule 34.6(c), our appellate record must contain a complete record of the trial; otherwise, we presume the omitted portions are relevant to the disposition of this appeal. See Christiansen v. Prezelski, 782 S.W.2d 842, 843 (Tex. 1990). Because our appellate record contains no record of the trial proceedings, we presume that these proceedings support the trial court=s judgment, and we cannot reach the merits of Middleton=s issues. See Bennett, 96 S.W.3d at 229; Hiroms v. Scheffey, 76 S.W.3d 486, 489 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 2002, no pet.) (holding court could not address merits of alleged charge error because appellate record did not contain complete record of trial proceedings); Gardner v. Baker & Botts, L.L.P., 6 S.W.3d 295, 296B98 (Tex. App.CHouston [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. denied) (holding that complete record of trial was not provided because record lacked voir dire, opening statements, closing arguments, and some testimony and holding that, because appellants did not comply with the predecessor rule to Rule 34.6(c), the court of appeals had to presume that the omitted portions supported the trial court=s judgment).
The application of this presumption often triggers very severe consequences, and this case is no exception. For example, we presume that the evidence at trial supported an award of $11,000 to Middleton on a claim other than a claim for breach of a contract that provides for interest or time price differential. Likewise, we presume that Middleton introduced no evidence of reasonable and necessary attorney=s fees and that the record supports the trial court=s decision to award no reasonable and necessary attorney=s fees. See Ameritech Servs., Inc. v. SCA Promotions, Inc., No. 05-03-00247-CV, 2004 WL 237760, at *3 (Tex. App.CDallas Feb. 10, 2004, no pet.) (holding in memorandum opinion that trial court did not err in awarding no attorney=s fees under Chapter 38 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code because evidence that plaintiff could have settled the case before filing suit for the amount recovered indicated that fees were not necessary); Cale=s Clean Scene Carwash, Inc. v. Hubbard, 76 S.W.3d 784, 787 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 2002, no pet.) (stating that a failure to award fees is proper if the evidence did not prove the value of the services provided or if it affirmatively showed that no attorney=s services were needed or that the services provided were of no value). We also presume the evidence at trial supports a finding that National Family did not knowingly engage in conduct that violates the Texas Insurance Code, as alleged by Middleton. See Bennett, 96 S.W.3d at 229; Hiroms, 76 S.W.3d at 489; Christiansen, 782 S.W.2d at 843. Applying the dual presumptionCthat the trial proceedings are relevant and that they support the trial court=s judgmentCto each of the issues raised on appeal, Middleton cannot prevail on any of her issues.
C. No Fundamental Error
Middleton attempts to avoid the consequences of the lack of a reporter=s record in this appeal by invoking the doctrine of fundamental error. This court, however, already has held that the fundamental-error doctrine cannot be used to avoid the presumption that the omitted portions of a trial record support the trial court=s judgment. See Mason v. Our Lady Star of the Sea Catholic Church, 154 S.W.3d 816, 821 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 2005, no pet.). We find no fundamental error in this case and therefore reject Middleton=s fundamental-error argument.
III. Conclusion
For the reasons explained above, Middleton cannot succeed on appeal without a complete reporter=s record. There is no reporter=s record in this case. Accordingly, we overrule Middleton=s appellate issues and affirm the trial court=s judgment.
/s/ Kem Thompson Frost
Justice
Judgment rendered and Memorandum Opinion filed January 17, 2006.
Panel consists of Justices Hudson, Frost, and Seymore.