Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion filed November 6, 2007.
In The
Fourteenth Court of Appeals
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NO. 14-06-00637-CR
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MANUEL RICHARD PENA, Appellant
V.
STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 338th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 1013084
M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N
Appellant, Manuel Richard Pena, appeals his conviction for the felony offense of injury to a child. Tex. Penal Code Ann. ' 22.04 (Vernon 2003). We affirm.
Factual and Procedural Background
On October 5, 2004, the complainant, appellant=s seven year-old grandson, E.P., was living with appellant and appellant=s wife. That morning, in a break from the normal routine, appellant, rather than his wife, entered E.P.=s bedroom to wake E.P. so he could get ready for school. After waking E.P., appellant left the room for a few minutes and when he returned, E.P. was still in bed. Appellant told E.P. to hurry up and get dressed. E.P. then told appellant to hold up, making appellant mad. E.P. then testified that at that point, appellant dragged him out of his bed and onto the floor. Appellant then told E.P. to stand up, which he did. According to E.P., appellant then hit him with his left hand, giving him a bloody nose. E.P. testified he then fell back to the floor whereupon appellant kicked him twice, once in the eye and once in the stomach. Appellant then helped E.P. up and wiped off his nose. According to E.P., he covered his face on the school bus and as a result, no one noticed his bloody nose and eye until he arrived at school. E.P. testified he did not inflict his injuries on himself. Finally, on cross-examination, E.P. admitted to having previously made false accusations of physical harm against an adult.
After E.P. arrived at school, school officials contacted the police and paramedics. Deputy Constable Steven Romero, who was assigned to the Cy-Fair School District, responded to the call. Deputy Romero testified he interviewed E.P., who told him the injuries had occurred that morning before school. Deputy Romero also testified that he observed that EP had a black eye and dried blood around his nose. Finally, Deputy Romero testified the eye injury was fresh.
Deputy Constable Ed Martinez also testified. Deputy Martinez testified he is also assigned to the Cy-Fair School District and he was called to the scene because he is a crime scene photographer. Deputy Martinez testified he observed that E.P. had a black eye and had dried blood coming from his nose. The photographs taken that morning by Deputy Martinez were then introduced into evidence. They show that E.P. had a black right eye, blood coming out of his right nostril, a small knot on his forehead and a bruised area close to E.P.=s elbow. Finally, Deputy Martinez stated the injuries appeared to be fresh.
E.P.=s older sister also testified. E.P.=s sister was nine at the time of the events at issue in this appeal. Initially E.P.=s sister testified that she saw appellant kick E.P. in the eye. However, on cross-examination, she stated that, on the day of the incident, she told the school authorities that she could not see what happened because she was in the bathroom. Finally, on re-direct examination, E.P.=s sister admitted she did not see appellant kick E.P. that morning.
Paramedic Joe Kiff was the last witness called by the State. Kiff testified he examined E.P. that morning at school. Kiff confirmed the previously mentioned injuries and that they appeared to be very fresh.
Appellant called two witnesses during his portion of the trial. The first was his wife, Marty Pena. Ms. Pena testified she observed appellant pick E.P. up out of bed by his pajamas and she saw E.P. do a flip and hit his face on the floor. According to Ms. Pena, appellant then picked E.P. up off the floor and told him to get dressed and that appellant then left E.P.=s room. Ms. Pena also stated that she heard appellant re-enter E.P.=s room and once again tell him to get dressed. However, she testified that she later saw E.P. still sitting on the edge of his bed and that he was not dressed, so she went into his room and helped E.P. get dressed for school. Ms. Pena said she saw a red mark under E.P.=s eye, but she denied that he had any blood on his nose. Ms. Pena also testified that appellant, because he was concerned about the red mark, took a picture of E.P. before E.P. left for school. That photograph was introduced into evidence and it shows E.P. with only a small mark under his right eye.
Appellant was the final witness in the trial. Appellant testified he went into E.P.=s room to wake him up that morning. According to appellant, he woke E.P. up, E.P. got up out of bed and was standing beside his bed. Thinking E.P. was now awake and moving, appellant left E.P.=s room. Appellant returned a few minutes later and discovered E.P. had gotten back in bed. Appellant testified that, at that point, he picked E.P. up, sat him on the edge of his bed and took his shirt off and, according to appellant E.P. then Acopped an attitude.@ Once again appellant left E.P.=s room and returned a short time later to find E.P. had put his shirt back on and gotten back in bed. Appellant testified that, using one hand, he grabbed E.P. by his pajama bottoms and picked him up. According to appellant, E.P. then did a somersault and he hit the floor. Appellant said that after E.P. hit the floor, he then picked E.P. up and told him to get dressed. Appellant denied that he kicked E.P. or hit him with his hand. Appellant testified he then decided the best thing for him to do at that stage was to leave and let his wife take over getting E.P. ready for school.
Appellant stated that once he noticed the mark on E.P.=s face, he took a photo of E.P. because of his son. Appellant=s only explanation for why he took this picture was because his son Ais not a very nice guy to put it mildly.@ Appellant testified that, as was their normal routine, he walked E.P. to the bus stop that morning. According to appellant, E.P. did not have a bloody nose on the way to the bus stop and, except for the mark under his eye, E.P. did not appear to have other injuries. Finally, appellant testified that E.P. had caused injuries to himself in the past and that he had sometimes been scratched by the family=s pet cat.
The jury found appellant guilty. The trial court assessed punishment at six years= confinement in the Institutional Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, probated for a term of six years, and a $1,000 fine. Following the pronouncement of his sentence, appellant filed a motion for new trial alleging, among other things, that he had received ineffective assistance of counsel at trial. Specifically, appellant alleged his trial counsel, Logan Dietz, failed to interview witnesses, failed to subpoena witnesses, and failed to prepare for trial. The trial court held a hearing during which both appellant and Mr. Dietz testified.
During the hearing, appellant testified he provided Mr. Dietz with the names and contact information for twelve potential defense witnesses. On cross-examination, appellant admitted the witnesses on his list were character witnesses for the complainant and that none were present in the house on the day of the incident. Appellant also admitted his defense theory was that E.P. was injured, but that he sustained those injuries as the result of an accident.
Mr. Dietz testified regarding his representation of appellant. Initially, Mr. Dietz testified that he knew E.P. had been under the treatment of out-of-state psychiatrists and that he obtained a court order for the release of E.P.=s medical records. Mr. Dietz also stated he paid for copies of E.P.=s medical records and reviewed the records once he received them from the clinic. According to Mr. Dietz, the records indicated that in 2002, E.P. was prescribed (1) Seroquel, which is often prescribed in the treatment of schizophrenia; (2) Zoloft; and (3) Strattera, which is often prescribed in the treatment of ADHD and obsessive/compulsive disorders. Mr. Dietz testified that he attempted to speak with E.P.=s treating physicians at an out-of-state clinic, but they were not willing to talk on the telephone. In addition, Mr. Dietz stated he initiated an effort to retain a medical expert to review E.P.=s records in order to testify regarding E.P. during the trial. Mr. Dietz testified he decided not to pursue retaining the expert because it appeared the testimony would not be admissible. Mr. Dietz also admitted the medical records would have been helpful to his defense of appellant. Mr. Dietz testified that, because the trial court had granted the State=s motion in limine regarding the medical records, he did not attempt to question E.P. regarding the records or seek to have them admitted into evidence.
Regarding his other efforts at preparing for appellant=s trial, Mr. Dietz testified that he met with appellant between six and eight times to prepare for his trial. In addition, Mr. Dietz reviewed the State=s file on appellant=s case on a number of occasions. Mr. Dietz admitted he did not attempt to speak with any of the investigating officers. He also testified that he attempted, unsuccessfully, to speak with E.P., who was living out of state, but that he was able to speak with E.P.=s grandmother on two occasions. Mr. Dietz admitted he did not hire an investigator or visit the crime scene. He also testified that he did not attempt to obtain the CPS records regarding E.P., but he did see some CPS records in the State=s file.
With regard to appellant=s list of potential witnesses, Mr. Dietz testified he did not attempt to contact any of the persons on the list, but instead, he gave appellant the option of (1) hiring an investigator to interview the potential witnesses and obtain statements; (2) bringing the potential witnesses to his office where he could interview them and determine if any of them had information relevant to the trial; or (3) talk to the witnesses himself and write down what they had to say and they would call any witness with pertinent information. According to Mr. Dietz, appellant did not do any of these. In Mr. Dietz=s opinion, the testimony of many of the potential witnesses would not have been admissible because their testimony concerned specific acts of misconduct by E.P. With regard to the CPS investigator on the list, Mr. Dietz testified that, in his experience, they do not discuss specific cases over the phone and he did not contact her for that reason. Mr. Dietz also testified that once the trial was underway, the trial court had already determined that most of the testimony that the majority of the witnesses could have offered was not relevant and would not have been admitted into evidence. Mr. Dietz stated he told appellant to bring any potential witnesses who might give pertinent testimony and appellant did not bring any witnesses. Mr. Dietz also testified that, if the potential witnesses were not willing to appear voluntarily and they had to be subpoenaed, in his experience, their testimony would not be helpful to appellant. Finally, Mr. Dietz testified that he informed appellant of that opinion.
When asked if his defensive theory would have changed had he known that some of appellant=s potential witnesses could testify concerning E.P.=s violent character and the false allegation E.P. made against another family member, Mr. Dietz replied it would not have for several reasons. First, Mr. Dietz testified that he already knew of E.P.=s violent nature and prior false accusations. Second, appellant=s defensive theory was one of accident, not self-defense, as accident was in line with appellant=s prior statements to investigators. Finally, according to Mr. Dietz, E.P.=s medical records indicated that E.P. was violent when he was four years old and that complainant was seven at the time of the incident.
The trial court denied appellant=s motion for new trial and this appeal followed.
Discussion
In three issues, appellant challenges his conviction, arguing that (1) he was denied effective assistance of counsel, (2) the trial court abused its discretion when it denied appellant=s motion for new trial based upon ineffective assistance of counsel, and (3) the evidence was factually insufficient to sustain a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. We address his third issue first, challenging the factual sufficiency of the evidence.
A. Is the Evidence Factually Sufficient to Support Appellant=s Conviction?
In his third issue, appellant argues the evidence is factually insufficient to support the jury=s guilty verdict.[1] The evidence may be factually insufficient in two ways. Prible v. State, 175 S.W.3d 724, 730B31 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). First, when considered by itself, evidence supporting the verdict may be so weak the verdict is clearly wrong and manifestly unjust. Id. Second, where the evidence both supports and contradicts the verdict, the contrary evidence may be strong enough that the beyond-a-reasonable-doubt standard could not have been met. Id. Appellant contends the evidence in this case, specifically E.P.=s testimony, is too weak to sustain a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. In support of that contention, appellant argues the following evidence undermined E.P.=s credibility: (1) E.P. was taking four separate medications at the time of the incident; (2) E.P. had previously harmed himself; and (3) E.P. did not always tell the truth.
1. The Standard of Review
In a factual sufficiency review, we consider all the evidence in a neutral light. Id. Our evaluation of that evidence should not intrude upon the fact finder=s role as the sole judge of the weight and credibility given to any witness=s testimony. Cain v. State, 958 S.W.2d 404, 408B09 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). The jury may believe or disbelieve all or part of any witness=s testimony. Jones v. State, 984 S.W.2d 254, 257 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998). Reconciliation of any conflicts in the evidence falls within the exclusive province of the jury. Heiselbetz v. State, 906 S.W.2d 500, 504 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995). Finally, our analysis must consider the evidence appellant claims is most important in allegedly undermining the jury=s verdict. Sims v. State, 99 S.W.3d 600, 603 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003).
2. The Evidence is Factually Sufficient
In this case appellant was charged with the felony offense of injury to a child. A person commits this offense if he intentionally causes either serious bodily injury or bodily injury to a child 14 years of age or younger. Tex. Penal Code Ann. ' 22.04(a). Appellant=s contention that E.P.=s testimony is too weak to sustain a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt is without merit. Here, E.P. testified that appellant hit him in the face giving him a bloody nose, and kicked him twice, once in the stomach and once in the face. This testimony is factually sufficient evidence to establish each of the elements of the offense. Davis v. State, 831 S.W.2d 839, 842 (Tex. App.CDallas 1992, pet. ref=d) (holding that the testimony of a single witness is factually sufficient to support a conviction). In addition, the jury heard the testimony regarding E.P.=s medication, as well as the allegations that he had previously harmed himself and did not always tell the truth. The jury heard all the evidence, including the evidence cited by appellant, and still accepted E.P.=s version of the events and rejected appellant=s. The jury is the exclusive judge of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 7 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). The jury=s decision is not manifestly unjust merely because the jury resolved conflicting views of the evidence in favor of the State. Cain, 958 S.W.2d at 410. The jury was free to reject all of the defensive evidence if it so chose. Davis, 831 S.W.2d at 842. Therefore, the fact that the jury did so here does not render the evidence factually insufficient. We overrule appellant=s third issue.
B. Did Appellant Receive Ineffective Assistance of Counsel?
In his first and second issues, appellant contends his trial counsel was ineffective and the trial court abused its discretion when it denied his motion for new trial based on ineffective assistance of counsel. In this appeal, appellant contends he received ineffective assistance of counsel because of his trial counsel=s alleged failure to investigate the facts and circumstances surrounding the incident at issue in this appeal. According to appellant, trial counsel=s failures include: (1) not contacting the CPS investigator or subpoenaing the CPS records relating to the incident; (2) not retaining an expert to review E.P.=s medical records and not attempting to introduce those medical records into evidence; (3) not investigating nor presenting evidence regarding the effects of the medications E.P. was taking at the time of the incident; (4) not speaking to any of E.P.=s treating physicians and failing to subpoena those doctors to testify; (5) not going to the scene and not interviewing the investigating officers; (6) not retaining an investigator; (7) not investigating E.P.=s character; and (8) not investigating the twelve potential witnesses brought to his attention by appellant.
1. The Standard of Review
In reviewing claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, we apply a two-prong test. See Salinas v. State, 163 S.W.3d 734, 740 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984)). To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, appellant must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that (1) his trial counsel=s representation was deficient in that it fell below the standard of prevailing professional norms, and (2) there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel=s deficiency, the result of the trial would have been different. Id. A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome. Mallett v. State, 65 S.W.3d 59, 63 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001).
An accused is entitled to reasonably effective assistance of counsel. King v. State, 649 S.W.2d 42, 44 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983). When evaluating a claim of ineffective assistance, the appellate court looks to the totality of the representation and the particular circumstances of each case. Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808, 813 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999). There is a strong presumption that counsel=s actions and decisions were reasonably professional and were motivated by sound trial strategy. Salinas, 163 S.W.3d at 740; Stults v. State, 23 S.W.3d 198, 208 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet. ref=d). To overcome the presumption of reasonable professional assistance, Aany allegation of ineffectiveness must be firmly founded in the record, and the record must affirmatively demonstrate the alleged ineffectiveness.@ Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 814. When determining the validity of an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, any judicial review must be highly deferential to trial counsel and avoid the deleterious effects of hindsight. Ingham v. State, 679 S.W.2d 503, 509 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984). When the record is silent as to the reasons for counsel=s conduct, a finding that counsel was ineffective would require impermissible speculation by the appellate court. Stults, 23 S.W.3d at 208. Absent specific explanations for counsel=s decisions, a record on direct appeal will rarely contain sufficient information to evaluate an ineffective assistance claim. Bone v. State, 77 S.W.3d 828, 833 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002).
We review the denial of a motion for new trial for an abuse of discretion. Charles v. State, 146 S.W.3d 204, 208 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004). The test for abuse of discretion Ais not whether, in the opinion of the reviewing court, the facts present an appropriate case for the trial court=s action; rather it is a question of whether the trial court acted without reference to any guiding rules or principles, and the mere fact that a trial court may decide a matter within its discretionary authority differently than an appellate court does not demonstrate such an abuse.@ State v. Herndon, 215 S.W.3d 901, 907B08 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) (quoting Howell v. State, 175 S.W.3d 786, 792 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005)). We do not substitute our judgment for that of the trial court. Charles, 146 S.W.3d at 208. We review the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court=s ruling and presume that all reasonable findings that could have been made against the losing party were so made. Id. Only when no reasonable view of the record could support the trial court=s ruling do we conclude that the trial court abused its discretion by denying the motion for new trial. Id.
3. Appellant=s Trial Counsel Was Not Ineffective
A criminal defense lawyer has a duty to make an independent investigation of the facts of a case, which includes seeking out and interviewing potential witnesses. Ex parte Welborn, 785 S.W.2d 391, 393 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990). A breach of the duty to investigate may result in a finding of ineffective assistance Awhere the result is that any viable defense available to the accused is not advanced.@ Ex parte Ybarra, 629 S.W.2d 943, 946 (Tex. Crim. App. 1982). In defining the duty to investigate, the United States Supreme Court has stated that Acounsel has a duty to make reasonable investigations or to make a reasonable decision that makes particular investigations unnecessary. In any ineffectiveness case, a particular decision not to investigate must be directly assessed for reasonableness in all the circumstances, applying a heavy measure of deference to counsel=s judgments.@ Strickland, 466 U.S. at 691, 104 S. Ct. at 2066.
Here, the record reveals that appellant=s trial counsel conducted an investigation of the facts and circumstances surrounding the incident. He met with appellant and appellant=s wife six to eight times prior to the trial. As a result of those meetings, appellant=s trial counsel learned that appellant previously gave a statement to investigators that the incident was the result of an accident. According to appellant=s trial counsel, he then based the defensive theory of the case on accident, not self-defense, because of appellant=s prior statements to investigators.
a. Not Contacting the CPS Investigator or Subpoenaing CPS Records and Not Contacting the Investigating Officers
Assuming without deciding that Mr. Dietz=s decisions to not interview either the CPS investigators or the investigating officers, or subpoena the CPS records, breached the first prong of Strickland, appellant has failed to establish how these decisions harmed him. Mr. Dietz, a board certified criminal attorney with more than thirty years= experience, testified that, in his experience, CPS investigators will not discuss investigations over the telephone. In addition, he testified that while he did not subpoena the records, he reviewed the CPS records in the State=s file, was aware of their content, and in his opinion, they were not going to be admissible. Because the record demonstrates that Mr. Dietz was aware of the content of the investigation records, in fact, shaped appellant=s defense around that information, appellant has not demonstrated how Mr. Dietz=s decisions to not talk to the investigators or subpoena the CPS records establishes that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel=s deficiency, the result of the trial would have been different.
b. Not Retaining an Expert to Review E.P.=s Medical Records; Not Attempting to Introduce Those Medical Records Into Evidence; Not Investigating or Presenting Evidence Regarding the Effects of E.P.=s Medications; Not Speaking to E.P.=s Treating Physicians and Failing to Subpoena Those Doctors to Testify
Mr. Dietz testified he obtained a copy of E.P.=s medical records and reviewed them. He further testified the records revealed that E.P. was an extremely disturbed child at that point in time, April and May of 2002. Mr. Dietz did not recall if the records indicated E.P. was having the same issues in 2003 and 2004. Mr. Dietz testified that while the records would have been helpful to appellant=s defense, he did not follow through with retaining the expert or attempt to introduce the records into evidence because of the trial court=s ruling in response to the State=s motion in limine arguing the records were not relevant and therefore not admissible. Mr. Dietz testified he was aware of the medications E.P. was taking. Mr. Dietz also testified regarding his efforts to investigate E.P.=s prior medical treatment by contacting E.P.=s out-of-state physicians. According to Mr. Dietz, he attempted to contact them and they were unwilling to talk to him over the telephone.
Assuming without deciding that Mr. Dietz=s decisions to not (1) retain a medical expert; (2) attempt to introduce E.P.=s medical records into evidence; (3) introduce evidence regarding the effects of E.P.=s medications into evidence; and (4) subpoena E.P.=s out-of-state physicians to testify at trial constituted deficient performance under the first prong of Strickland, the record does not establish how those failures harmed appellant. In this case, appellant=s defense was based on accident and none of the evidence appellant relies on here would be relevant to that defense. Thus appellant has not established by a preponderance of the evidence that there is a reasonable probability that, but for trial counsel=s alleged deficiencies, the result of the trial would have been different.
c. Not Retaining an Investigator or Going to the Scene
Appellant contends Mr. Dietz=s decisions to not hire an investigator and to not visit the scene are evidence of deficient performance. Under these points, appellant fails to bring to our attention any evidence in the record demonstrating a specific purpose for hiring an investigator or a scene investigation and how those failures render Mr. Dietz=s performance deficient. A simple admission in the record that a criminal defense lawyer made a decision not to hire an investigator, without more, is insufficient to establish ineffective assistance of counsel. The same is true of not going to the scene. The incident occurred in E.P.=s bedroom and there were no disputed facts regarding that room. Ultimately the case would be determined by which version of the incident the jury believed and the physical layout of E.P.=s bedroom would have no impact on that decision. Thus, assuming without deciding that Mr. Dietz=s decisions to not retain an investigator and to not visit the scene meet the first prong of Strickland, because appellant has failed to point out what purpose could have been served by either the hiring of an investigator or visiting the scene, he has failed to establish how Mr. Dietz=s allegedly deficient performance harmed him.
d. Not Investigating E.P.=s Character
Here, appellant contends that Mr. Dietz failed to investigate E.P.=s character. The evidence in the record indicates otherwise. The record demonstrates that Mr. Dietz, through his meetings with appellant, learned about E.P.=s prior issues with violence and his treatment by out-of-state physicians. In response to that information, Mr. Dietz obtained E.P.=s medical records and reviewed them. In addition, the record demonstrates that Mr. Dietz learned of the past incidents when E.P. injured himself or made false reports about adults causing him harm. The record also reflects that Mr. Dietz attempted, unsuccessfully, to contact E.P. as well as E.P.=s treating physicians. Mr. Dietz also testified that, even though he was aware of E.P.=s prior issues, he still made the decision to pursue a defense of accident because that was in line with appellant=s prior statements to investigators. Finally, during the trial, based on the information he had learned regarding E.P.=s character during his investigation, while he was cross-examining E.P., Mr. Dietz got E.P. to admit to having made false allegations of harm against another adult. Here, the record establishes that Mr. Dietz conducted a reasonable investigation of E.P.=s character that was in line with the defensive theory he adopted based on appellant=s prior statements regarding the incident. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 691, 104 S. Ct. at 2066 (stating that defense counsel has a duty to make reasonable investigations or to make a reasonable decision that makes particular investigations unnecessary). Because Mr. Dietz conducted a reasonable investigation into E.P.=s character and adequately explained why further investigation was not necessary, appellant has not established that Mr. Dietz=s representation of appellant was deficient.
e. Not Investigating Appellant=s List of Twelve Potential Witnesses
Finally, appellant contends Mr. Dietz=s decision to not personally investigate the list of twelve potential witnesses he provided constitutes ineffective assistance of counsel. Once again, assuming without deciding that Mr. Dietz=s admitted failure to either personally seek out and interview each of the potential witnesses or to hire an investigator to do so, violates the first prong of Strickland, appellant has not demonstrated that this failure harmed him.
Appellant admitted that the majority of the witnesses on his list were character witnesses regarding E.P.=s history of violent behavior and lodging false complaints against adults. Mr. Dietz testified that he was aware of E.P.=s violent history and still decided to rely on a defense theory of accident because that was in line with appellant=s statements to investigators. Because there was no allegation of violent behavior on the part of E.P. on the day of the incident, testimony regarding E.P.=s alleged prior violence against other children would not have been relevant and thus inadmissible. With regard to the past false accusations made by E.P., during cross-examination, Mr. Dietz got E.P. to admit to having made a false allegation against an adult in the past so that evidence was before the jury at trial. In addition, the CPS investigator was on appellant=s potential witness list. As previously discussed, Mr. Dietz testified he was aware of the content of the CPS investigation and largely based appellant=s defense on that information. Appellant has not pointed out in the record any additional information that could have been obtained from any of the twelve witnesses, including the CPS investigator, that would have, to a reasonable probability, brought about a different result in the trial.
Based on our review of the record as a whole, we hold that appellant has failed to show by a preponderance of the evidence that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. Because we have determined that appellant did not receive ineffective assistance of counsel, we further hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it denied his motion for new trial. Accordingly, we overrule his first and second issues on appeal.
Conclusion
Having overruled each of appellant=s issues on appeal, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
/s/ John S. Anderson
Justice
Judgment rendered and Memorandum Opinion filed November 6, 2007.
Panel consists of Chief Justice Hedges and Justices Anderson and Seymore.
Do Not Publish C Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b).
[1] As a factual sufficiency review begins with the presumption that the evidence supporting the jury=s verdict is legally sufficient, and since appellant challenges only the factual sufficiency of the evidence, he effectively concedes that the evidence is legally sufficient to sustain the conviction. See Clewis v. State, 922 S.W.2d 126, 133B34 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996).