Affirmed in Part; Reversed and Remanded in Part; and Memorandum Opinion filed February 07, 2008.
In The
Fourteenth Court of Appeals
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NO. 14-07-00022-CV
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FE DE LA CALZADA, Appellant
V.
AMERICAN FIRST NATIONAL BANK, Appellee
On Appeal from the 234th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 2006B59947
M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N
Appellee, American First National Bank (AAFNB@), sued appellant, Fe de la Calzada, to recover the principal and accrued interest on a promissory note. In its petition, AFNB alleged Quality Health Services, Inc. (AQuality@) defaulted on a promissory note payable to AFNB, and Calzada, the president of Quality, is liable to AFNB as guarantor.
AFNB filed a traditional motion for summary judgment under section 166a(c) of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c). The trial court granted the motion and entered a final judgment for $30,911 plus pre-judgment interest, post-judgment interest, costs of court, and attorney=s fees. In three issues, appellant contends (1) AFNB was not entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law; (2) AFNB=s loan officer=s affidavit was not competent evidence; and (3) AFNB did not establish that it was entitled to attorney=s fees as a matter of law. Because all dispositive issues are clearly settled in Texas law, we issue this memorandum opinion and affirm in part and reverse and remand in part. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
I. Standard of Review
A plaintiff moving for summary judgment must conclusively prove all essential elements of its claim. Cullins v. Foster, 171 S.W.3d 521, 530 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 2005, pet. denied) (citing MMP, Ltd. v. Jones, 710 S.W.2d 59, 60 (Tex. 1986)). In a traditional motion for summary judgment, if the movant=s motion and summary judgment evidence facially establish its right to judgment as a matter of law, the burden shifts to the nonmovant to raise a genuine issue of material fact sufficient to defeat summary judgment. M.D. Anderson Hosp. & Tumor Inst. v. Willrich, 28 S.W.3d 22, 23 (Tex. 2000). The nonmovant has no burden to respond to a summary judgment motion unless the movant conclusively establishes its right to summary judgment. See Rhône-Poulenc, Inc. v. Steel, 997 S.W.2d 217, 222 (Tex. 1999). We review a summary judgment de novo. Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005). We take all evidence favorable to the nonmovant as true and indulge every reasonable inference and resolve any doubts in favor of the nonmovant. Id.
II. Analysis
Calzada argues AFNB was not entitled to summary judgment because (1) AFNB failed to present competent summary judgment evidence regarding the amount owed on the promissory note, (2) AFNB=s summary judgment evidence was conclusory, (3) a genuine issue of material fact existed regarding the affirmative defense of payment, (4) AFNB did not establish the reasonableness of its attorney=s fees as a matter of law, and (5) a genuine issue of material fact existed regarding the reasonableness of AFNB=s attorney=s fees.
A. Summary Judgment Proof Regarding Amount Owed
In support of its motion, AFNB presented the affidavit of its loan officer, Irene P. Cheng. Cheng averred that AFNB demanded the principal balance of $29,916.88 and accrued interest as of March 15, 2006 of $994.89 which were past due, and Calzada failed to timely remit.
In her response, Calzada contended (1) Cheng is an interested witness, and therefore her affidavit is not competent summary judgment evidence, and (2) Cheng=s averments regarding the amount owed were conclusory.
1. Interested Witness
Under the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, a court may grant a motion for summary judgment based on uncontroverted testimonial evidence of an interested witness if that evidence is clear, positive and direct, otherwise credible and free from contradictions and inconsistencies, and could have been readily controverted. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c). The phrase, Acould have been readily controverted@ does not simply mean that the movant=s summary judgment proof could have been easily and conveniently rebutted. Casso v. Brand, 776 S.W.2d 551, 558 (Tex. 1989). Rather, the Areadily controverted@ requirement means the testimony at issue is of a nature which can be effectively countered by opposing evidence. Id. If credibility of the affiant is likely to be dispositive, then summary judgment is inappropriate. Id. However, if the nonmovant, in all likelihood, could present independent sufficient evidence to prevail, then summary judgment is proper in the absence of such controverting proof. Id. Accordingly, affidavits by interested witnesses regarding what they knew or intended are excluded under the Areadily controvertible@ requirement because an opponent would have no means of confirming or denying an individual=s thought process and intent. See Lewisville State Bank v. Blanton, 525 S.W.2d 696, 696 (Tex. 1975); Hayes v. E.T.S. Enters., Inc., 809 S.W.2d 652, 657 (Tex. App.CAmarillo 1991, no writ). However, when an affidavit consists entirely of controvertible facts, it is competent despite the fact that the affiant is an interested witness. See Great Am. Reserve Ins. Co. v. San Antonio Plumbing Supply Co., 391 S.W.2d 41, 47 (Tex. 1965); Stucki v. Noble, 963 S.W.2d 776, 780-81 (Tex. App.CSan Antonio 1998, no pet.).
In this case, Cheng=s affidavit consisted solely of averments that are readily controvertible. After preliminarily describing her position and accordant responsibilities, Cheng stated:
Quality defaulted on the Note and filed for bankruptcy under chapter 7. The principal balance of $29,916.88 plus accrued interest is past due. Accrued interest as of March 15, 2006 was $994.89. Despite written demand for payment, Fe de la Calzada has failed to pay the amounts due under the Note as required by the guaranty agreement.
Calzada could have easily rebutted this evidence, and Cheng=s credibility was unlikely to be dispositive. Consequently, we conclude Cheng=s affidavit constituted competent summary judgment evidence.
2. Conclusory Statements
A conclusory statement is one that does not provide the underlying facts to support the conclusion. Rizkallah v. Conner, 952 S.W.2d 580, 587 (Tex. App.CHouston [1st Dist.] 1997, no writ). Conclusory statements in an affidavit are insufficient to support or defeat summary judgment. Wadewitz v. Montgomery, 951 S.W.2d 464, 466 (Tex. 1997). However, courts do not usually require the promisee to file detailed proof reflecting calculations of the balance due on a note to support a motion for summary judgment. See Stucki, 963 S.W.2d at 781. Generally, an affidavit based upon personal knowledge is considered sufficient if the affiant identifies an attached copy of the note as being true and correct and verifies the amount of principal and interest owed on the date of default. See id.; see also 8920 Corp. v. Alief Alamo Bank, 722 S.W.2d 718, 719 (Tex. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 1986, writ ref=d n.r.e.) (holding bank=s summary judgment evidence was legally sufficient proof of damages where bank presented affidavit of the bank=s executive vice president stating the deficiency amount plus interest).
In this case, Cheng identified herself as AFNB=s loan officer and explained that she was charged with collection of the note. Accordingly, Cheng=s averments regarding the amounts due under the note were factual statements within her knowledge and were not conclusory. See Stucki, 963 S.W.2d at 781. Consequently, AFNB presented legally sufficient proof of damages.
B. Affirmative Defense of Payment
Calzada contends AFNB was not entitled to summary judgment because she raised a genuine issue of material fact regarding the affirmative defense of payment. If the nonmovant wishes to assert an affirmative defense to defeat a motion for summary judgment, it must urge the defense in its response and provide sufficient summary judgment proof to create a fact issue on each element of the defense. Jones v. Tex. Pac. Indem. Co., 853 S.W.2d 791, 795 (Tex. App.CDallas 1993, no writ).
In response to AFNB=s motion for summary judgment, Calzada averred that she did not owe AFNB the amount claimed. In the pertinent part of her affidavit, Calzada stated:
I do not owe [AFNB] the amount of $29,916.88 plus interest in the amount of $994.89 that [AFNB] claims I owe.
[AFNB] obtained satisfaction of the loan by way of the assets and monies made available through the corporation=s bankruptcy. [AFNB] obtained relief from the automatic stay in order to access these assets.
Calzada=s statement is insufficient to raise a fact issue regarding the defense of payment. The affirmative defense of payment must be pleaded. Twin City Bowling Lanes, Inc. v. C.I.T. Corp., 376 S.W.2d 94, 96 (Tex. Civ. App.CFort Worth 1964, no writ). Payments alleged by the defendant which are not admitted in the plaintiff=s petition must be specifically alleged. Harrison v. Leasing Assocs., Inc., 454 S.W.2d 808, 809 (Tex. Civ. App.CHouston [14th Dist.] 1970, no writ). Rule 95 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure prescribes a specific standard regarding a plea of payment:
When a defendant shall desire to prove payment, he shall file with his plea an account stating distinctly the nature of such payment, and the several items thereof; failing to do so, he shall not be allowed to prove the same, unless it be so plainly and particularly described in the plea as to give the plaintiff full notice of the character thereof.
Tex. R. Civ. P. 95. Absence of a proper plea of payment renders evidence regarding an alleged payment inadmissible. Rea v. Sunbelt Savs., FSB Dallas, 822 S.W.2d 370, 372 (Tex. App.CDallas 1991, no writ). This pleading requirement applies equally to direct payors asserting a defense of payment and to guarantors and sureties of underlying debts. See Beaver v. Daniel, 259 S.W.2d 345, 347 (Tex. Civ. App.CAustin 1953, no writ) (holding that where sureties did not affirmatively plead payment as a defense to suit on indemnity bond, testimony that judgment against principals had been paid was inadmissible). Texas courts require compliance with Rule 95 in trial and summary judgment proceedings. See Advantage Group INV., Inc. v. Pac. SW. Bank, 972 S.W.2d 866, 869 (Tex. App.CCorpus Christi 1998, pet. denied); Rea, 822 S.W.2d at 372; Harrison, 454 S.W.2d at 809; Obasi v. Univ. of Okla. Health Sci. Ctr., No. 04-04-00016-CV, 2004 WL 2418009, at *2B3 (Tex. App.CSan Antonio October 27, 2004, pet. denied) (mem. op.).
Calzada did not file a proper plea regarding the defense of payment. Specifically, she did not file with her plea an account stating distinctly the nature of such payments. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 95. Further, she did not so plainly and particularly describe the payment as to give AFNB sufficient notice of the character thereof. See id. Consequently, evidence regarding any alleged payment is inadmissible. See Rea, 822 S.W.2d at 372. Calzada bore the burden to produce competent summary judgment proof sufficient to raise a fact question regarding whether payments had been credited to the note. See Stucki, 963 S.W.2d at 781 (citing Life Ins. Co. of Va. v. Far-Dal, Inc., 570 S.W.2d 378, 381 (Tex. 1978)). Accordingly, Calzada failed to raise a genuine issue of material fact on her payment defense sufficient to defeat summary judgment.
C. Attorney=s Fees
In her final issue, Calzada contends AFNB failed to establish entitlement to attorney=s fees as a matter of law. Specifically, Calzada seems to argue that (1) AFNB failed to establish its right to judgment as a matter of law; and (2) AFNB failed to prove the reasonableness and necessity of the fees. We agree.
In support of its request for attorney=s fees, AFNB presented the affidavit of its attorney, T. Michael Neville. Neville established that he is an experienced civil litigation attorney and is familiar with the reasonable and necessary fees for cases tried in Harris County, Texas. In pertinent part, Neville stated:
[a]ll attorney time on this file has been charged at an hourly rate of $230.00 per hour . . . AFNB=s retention of my firm has required the review of loan documents, drafting of a demand letter, filing of a motion to lift stay in bankruptcy court for the corporate obligor, preparation of a notice of disposition of collateral, preparation of a petition, monitoring of service, preparation of a motion for summary judgment and attachments, preparation of a judgment, communication with the client, and anticipated attendance at the default judgment hearing.
By the time of a ruling on this motion for summary judgment, this law firm will have incurred approximately fifteen (15) hours in attorney time . . . [f]urther, it is anticipated that a minimum of an additional thirty (30) hours of attorney time . . . in the event of an appeal to the Court of Appeals, and a minimum of an additional twenty (20) hours of attorney time . . . in the event of a petition for review to the Texas Supreme Court.
A party may recover reasonable attorney=s fees if it prevails on a claim for breach of a written contract. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. ' 38.001 (Vernon 1997). The Texas Supreme Court has set forth eight factors for determining the reasonableness and necessity for attorney fees: (1) the time and labor involved, the novelty and difficulty of the questions involved, and the skill required to perform the legal services properly; (2) the likelihood that the acceptance of the particular employment will preclude other employment by the lawyer; (3) the fee customarily charged in the locality for similar legal services; (4) the amount involved and the results obtained; (5) the time limitations imposed by the client or the circumstances; (6) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client; (7) the experience, reputation, and ability of the lawyer or lawyers performing the services; and (8) whether the fee is fixed or contingent on results obtained or uncertainty of collection before the legal services have been rendered. Arthur Andersen & Co. v. Perry Equip. Corp., 945 S.W.2d 812, 818 (Tex. 1997). The trial court is not required to hear evidence on each of these factors. See Lamajak, Inc. v. Frazin, 230 S.W.3d 786, 797 (Tex. App.CDallas 2007, no pet. h.). An attorney=s uncontroverted statements regarding the reasonableness of a legal fee may support summary judgment. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c) (AA summary judgment may be based on uncontroverted testimonial evidence of . . . an expert witness as to subject matter concerning which the trier of fact must be guided solely by the opinion testimony of experts.@).
Neville established that he is familiar with the usual and customary charges for the relevant legal services and that AFNB=s attorney=s fees were reasonable and necessary. In his affidavit, he stated that he is an experienced civil litigation attorney. He described the time required for services that he, and members of his firm, performed for AFNB. This evidence was sufficient to support a summary judgment award of attorney=s fees and shifted the burden to Calzada to raise a genuine issue of material fact. See M.D. Anderson Hosp. & Tumor Inst., 28 S.W.3d at 23.
In response, Calzada=s attorney, Joseph Onwuteaka, filed an affidavit contesting the reasonableness of AFNB=s attorney=s fees. Onwuteaka established he is an experienced civil litigation attorney and is familiar with the reasonableness and necessity of fees for lawsuits tried in Harris County, Texas. Onwuteaka contested the reasonableness and necessity of the attorney=s fees claimed by AFNB. He specifically noted that Neville included in his affidavit fees pertaining to motions and hearings regarding a default judgment. Onwuteaka averred that there had been no motions or hearings for default judgment in this case. Although the record indicates AFNB filed a motion for default judgment before Calzada filed her original answer, there is no indication that the trial court ever set or held a default judgment hearing. Consequently, we conclude Calzada raised a genuine issue of material fact regarding reasonableness of attorney=s fees.[1] We sustain her third issue.
Accordingly, the portion of the trial court=s judgment that pertained to Calzada=s liability on the note is affirmed. The trial court=s award of attorney=s fees is reversed, and we remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
/s/ Charles W. Seymore
Justice
Judgment rendered and Memorandum Opinion filed February 07, 2008.
Panel consists of Chief Justice Hedges and Justices Anderson and Seymore.
[1] AFNB contends Calzada failed to properly raise a fact issue regarding the reasonableness of attorney=s fees. In his original attorney=s fees affidavit, Neville referred to time spent preparing a motion for default judgment and for the anticipated attendance at a default judgment hearing. Calzada filed Onwuteaka=s affidavit in response to Neville=s original affidavit. The trial court granted AFNB leave to file a corrected attorney=s fees affidavit. In his corrected affidavit, Neville stated that AFNB=s suit required time for preparation of a motion for summary judgment and for the anticipated attendance at a default judgment hearing. AFNB argues that, because Calzada did not respond to its corrected affidavit, Calzada has waived any complaint regarding the reasonableness of attorney=s fees pertaining to preparation for a default judgment hearing. However, in Calzada=s summary judgment response, Onwuteaka controverted fees pertaining to a default judgment hearing and AFNB=s corrected affidavit still referenced fees pertaining to anticipated attendance at a default judgment hearing. According, we conclude Calzada=s response was sufficient to raise a genuine issue of material fact regarding the reasonableness of attorney=s fees.